【考研类试卷】考博英语-638及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-638 及答案解析(总分：81.52，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.50)1.The pursuit was _ when it was clear that we had won the day.A. called for B. called forth C. called off D. called up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.In primitive times, poetry was written to be heard. Today, we frequently overlook the of the p

2、oets work.A. stylistic B. verbal C. primary D. oral（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Stephen Schneider, a climatologist at Stanford, notes that unlike greenhouse gases, which _ rapidly around the globe, the sulfate droplets tend to concentrate over industrialized regions.A. unify B. fragment C. disperse D. shatter

3、（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Largely due to the university tradition and the current academic milieu, every college student here works _.A. industrially B. industriously C. consciously D. purposefully（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Now the _ port city near the mouth of the mighty Yangtze River is hoping to leave its recor

4、d of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization.A. flapped B. congested C. dined D. dictated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Women often are swayed to buy a product for reasons far different than those that drive men.A. fluctuated B. shielded C. praised D. fulfilled（分数：0.50）A.B.

5、C.D.7.She _ his invitation to dinner as she was on a diet.A. inclined B. declinedC. denied D. disinclined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools _ a quarter system comprised of fall, winter,

6、 and summer quarters.A. manipulate B. stipulate C. regulate D. observe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.A light sleeper is usually very _ to any sound even as inaudible as the humming of a mosquito.A. acute B. keen C. alert D. immune（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.She has _ some brilliant scheme to double her income.A. come o

7、ut B. come up with C. come to D. come about（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.It is hard to tell whether we are going to have a boom in the economy or a _.A concession B recession C submission D transmission（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.Whenever work is being done, energy _ from one form into another.A. converts B. converte

8、dC. is converted D. is being converted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.I was deeply impressed by the hostess _ and enjoyed the dinner party very much.A hostility B indignation C hospitality D humanity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and _ penicillin prescriptions.A. d

9、ispenses B. disposes C. disperses D. dispatches（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.I hope that youll be more careful in typing the letter. Dont_anything.A. lack B. withdraw C. omit D. leak（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.To control quality and making decisions about production are among the many responsibilities of an industria

10、l engineer.A. quality B. making C. about D. industrial（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_17.European conservatives, until the end of the 19th century, rejected democratic principles and institutions. Instead they opted for monarchies or for authoritarian government.A. chose B. constructedC. conceived D. conserved（分数：1

11、.00）A.B.C.D.18.Edmund likes to drive at a speed _ the traffic limit. I wonder how be always manages to escapeA. haying exceeded, to be fined B. exceeded, having been finedC. to exceed, to fine D. exceeding, being fined（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Because of the currency appreciation of RMB, many people _doll

12、ar against RMB.A. ran over B. ran on C. ran through D. ran off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.Their efforts at bringing Alice and Grace together _.A. fell off B. fell out C. fell back D. fell through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.The football game comes to you _ from New York.A lively B alive C live D living（分数：0.50）A.B.C

13、.D.22.One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm.A. harmful B. elegant C. versatile D. prevalent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.It disgusted him when atheists attacked religion: he thought they were vulgar.A. insulting B. base-minded C. rough D. vicious（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Tom could hardly _ hi

14、s excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery.A. conceal B. reveal C. show D. discover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In proposing (such philanthropic donations), the director of the company certainly spoke (from) a-genuine concern (for the needy) and not (any desire) for personal accolades.A. such

15、philanthropic donations B. fromC. for the needy D. any desire（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.A. relied upon B. hindered C. linked with D. imitated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.There are a few small things that I dont l

16、ike about my job, but _ its very enjoy able.A. all at once B. once and for all C. so much as D. by and large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.Desert plants _ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.M

17、r. Li is the present _ of the presidential chair of the company.A. transaction B. prescription C. professor D. incumbent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.A. withdraw B. emerge C. recover D. uncover（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Pa

18、rt Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination a

19、gainst those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe

20、 Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bus

21、hs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world

22、s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffet, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all t

23、he spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back vow, and is

24、rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The h

25、umiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up al

26、phabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?A. A kind of overlooked inequality. B. A type of conspicuous bias.C. A type of personal prejudice. D. A kind of brand discrimination.（分数

27、：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A. In both East and West, names are essential to success.B. The alphabet is to blame for the failure of ZoeZysman.C. Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D. Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize

28、.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The 4th paragraph suggests that _.A. questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB. alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC. teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD. students should be seated according to their eyesight（分数：1.20

29、）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ“ (Line 2, Paragraph 5)?A. They are getting impatient. B. They are noisily dozing off.C. They are feeling humiliated. D. They are busy with word puzzles.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true according to t

30、he text?A. People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B. VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C. The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.D. Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage T

31、wo(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-mom to make offers, or “bids“, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer

32、of the goods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Lati

33、n auctio, meaning “increase“. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub basra, meaning “under the spear“, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “b

34、y the candle“: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual fo

35、r land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction roams at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they c

36、an be viewed by prospective buyers, If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers

37、the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as pos

38、sible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a h

39、igh price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other. It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve“ price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold. Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out“, whereby dealers illeg

40、ally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices. If such a “knock-out“ comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.（分数：6.00）(1).A candle used to burn

41、at auction sales _.A. because they took place at nightB. as a signal for the crowd to gatherC. to keep the auctioneer warmD. to limit the time when offers could be made（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers _.A. the current market values of the goodsB. details of the good

42、s to be soldC. the order in which goods must be soldD. free admission to the auction sale（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots“ out of order because _.A. he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB. he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC

43、. he wants to keep certain people waitingD. he wants to reduce the number of buyers（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because _.A. then he earns more himselfB. the dealers are pleasedC. the anction-rooms become world famousD. it keeps the customers int

44、erested（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).A “knock out“ is arranged _.A. to keep the price in the auction room lowB. to allow one dealer only to make a profitC. to increase the auctioneers profitD. to help the auctioneer（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)After a run of several thousand years, it is en

45、tirely fitting that 2000 will be marked as the year the tide turned against taxation. Clay tablets recall the taxes of Hammurabi in the Babylon of 2000BC, but the practice is certainly older. People in power have always tried to divert some of the proceeds of economic activity in their own direction

46、. Lords took feudal dues from their vassals; landowners took tolls from merchants; gangsters took protection money from small businesses; governments took taxes from their citizens. Despite the different names, the principle has remained constant: those who do not produce take resources from those w

47、ho do, and spend it on altogether different things.The tide is turning because of the convergence of several factors, in the first place, taxes are becoming harder to collect. Capital is more mobile than ever, and inclined to fly from places that tax to places that do not. Governments do not move th

48、eir boundaries and jurisdictions as rapidly as companies can change locations. Attempts to establish trans-national tax powers are almost certainly, ably doomed by international competition to attract economic activity. Many businesses will choose to stay out of reach.The global economy and the Inte

49、rnet mean that purchases can now cross frontiers. People buy books, clothes, and cars from abroad, and any finance minister who likes to tax these items find his tax base diminishing. It is not only capital and goods which are harder to pin down. Even wages are crossing frontiers. The rise of the service sector means that many income-generating activities can take place across frontiers, causing yet mo