【考研类试卷】考博英语-612及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-612 及答案解析(总分：88.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：25.00)1.You need to rewrite this sentence because it is _ . The readers will have difficulty in understanding it.A. comprehensive B. alternative C. deliberate D. ambiguous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.In spite of the _ economic forecasts, manufactu

2、ring output has risen slightly.A. gloomy B. miserable C. shadowy D. obscure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think that it has been a _ problem in this area.A. perpetual B. persuasiveC. picturesque D. possessive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.In a sudden

3、 _ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A. attack B. burst C. split D. blast（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Strict sanitary procedures formulated by our municipal government help to _ out breaks of diseases.A. preview B. forestall C. ignite D. fluctuate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Given the existence of so ma

4、ny factions in the field, it was unrealistic of Anna Freud to expect any _ of opinion.A. freedom B. reassessment C. uniformity D. expression（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.The game had to be _ because of crowd trouble.A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.I like to go to the cinema

5、when I am in the _ for it.A motive B mind C mood D notion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.Twins often show great _, but these twins are an exception.A. likelihood B. resistance C. resemblance D. contradiction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.Usually he managed to find plenty of work to _ him over hard times. I think it is a go

6、od idea.A. Chew B. blow C. flip D. tide（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.During our stay m Paris we were splendidly _ by the Italian Ambassador.A. sustained B. maintainedC. retained D. entertained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Even the most arbitrary and_ corporation today must be aware of the attitudes of its employees; ma

7、nagement may at times be more or less_, but all must respect the power of an organized work force.A. influential. outraged B. prosperous. precipitousC. flexible. patronizing D. authoritarian. responsive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.At present, China has signed many _ trade agreements with other countries.A co

8、mprehensive B reciprocal C favourable D advantageous（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.He kept throwing us an apple of discord，we soon quarreled againHe kept throwing us an apple of discord，we soon quarreled againA(评判)不公 B(挑起)争端 C(分赃)不均 D背叛（分数：1.00）A.(评判)不公B.(挑起)争端C.(分赃)不均D.背叛15.Categories, we found, (must be seen

9、) (in) their conceptual context, against the background of larger cognitive models, and it is obvious that these models will, (to) some point, have to include (sequencing) in time.A. must be seen B. in C. to D. sequencing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.With a weather worn face, Ted is _ a very old man but in fa

10、ct he is only fifty.A. obviously B. evidently C. apparently D. sufficiently（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular_.A. welcome B. applause C. appetite D. appreciation（分数：1.00）_18.Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for varia

11、tions in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice.A. are caused by B. explain C. derive from D. constitute（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.He was wet to the skin, his whole body was _ and trembling.A stiff B straight C steady D hard（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.For many people, overeating and overspending are a

12、s _ to Christmas as candles and holly.A. integral B. suitable C. inevitable D. compatible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.With all his experience abroad he was a major asset to the company.A. candidate B. applicant C. manger D. resource（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.When the nurse took his temperature, it was three degrees

13、 above _.A. average B. regular C. normal D. ordinary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.His _ handwriting resulted from haste and carelessness rather than from the inability to form the letters correctly.A. careful B. unreadable C. beautiful D. silent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Diamonds have little _ value and their price

14、depends almost entirely on their scarcity.A extinct B permanent C surplus D intrinsic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.Why do teens drink? Reasons vary from _ pressure to family patterns to social conditioning.A. spouse B. peer C. antagonist D. competitor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.EDUCATE: CHILDA. cultivate: crop B. que

15、nch: fire C. secure: possession D. care: doctor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Most banks offer _ facilities to students, to help them when they run short of money.A. oversight B. overseeing C. overdose D. overdraft（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.During our stay m Paris we were splendidly _ by the Italian Ambassador.A. sus

16、tained B. maintainedC. retained D. entertained（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Frederica Von Stade has sung in opera houses throughout the United States and abroad.A. on the radio B. on recordings C. in private home D. in other countries（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Hard work and malnutrition _ his health and he looked th

17、in and pale.A. impaired B. promoted C. accelerated D. wedged（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free

18、 and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of

19、 social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.The antithesis to labor

20、 is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays hi

21、m to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide wi

22、th the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk, a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more

23、likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to p

24、lay, the better.（分数：6.00）(1).The best title for the passage could be _.A. Work, Labor and Play B. Ways Leading to HappinessC. The Most Desirable Job in the World D. The Necessity of Leisure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).If a person wishes to be happy, _.A. he must have something to doB. he must realize the es

25、sential difference between work and laborC. he must feel free first of allD. he must do something valuable to society（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A man is a laborer if _.A. what he likes to do is not recognized by society.B. he has to make a living or supporting his familyC. he cannot get paid for what he d

26、oesD. he is forced to do what he doesnt enjoy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, what is societys attitude toward the game we play?A. Society regards play as another kind of labor.B. Society doesnt care what we play at all.C. Society forbids us to play any game.D. Society cares for privat

27、e games very much.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following kinds of person is a worker?A. A teacher who enjoys working with studentsB. A white-collar employee who is well paidC. A man who doesnt mix work with playD. A man who has good appetite and enjoys good health（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What does

28、the laborer think of leisure?A. He thinks he has no time for it since he has to support his family.B. He wishes to have as little leisure as possible.C. He hopes to have more leisure to play.D. He thinks it more important than health and family.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1885 O

29、wen Wister (18501938) recorded that “it wont be a century before the West is simply the true America, with thought, type, and life of its own“ and he wanted “to be the hand that once, for all, chronicled and laid bare the virtues and the vices of this extraordinary phase of American social progress.

30、“ He never became that self-envisioned Tolstoi of the old West, but in 1902 The Virginian was published. It won instant success and skyrocketed its author to fame. It is still the most popular “Western“ novel ever published and the master design for the fiction of the Wild West.The Virginian establi

31、shed a literary form, a formula popularly known as “horse opera“, whose conventions, cliches, and values have reappeared in novels and short stories, in movies and television serials, ever since. The romantic cowboy is the hero and gentleman, one of those “good men in the humbler walks of life“, who

32、 sees through shams, defends justice and a ladys honor, shoots it out with the villain and conquers evil. Because of The Virginian, Wister created a character who is the original type for the Western folk hero. He represents the embodiment of certain American ideals-a man who is equal to all occasio

33、ns, who shows independence of action, a man who keeps his word who is “a broad-guage fellow living among narrow-guage folk“. But the literary device and cowboy code which Wister established dictated that the hero must kill the bad man. This necessity for sanctioning murder and romanticizing of the c

34、owboy as a gentleman prohibited The Virginian and the genre it created from becoming serious fiction, or even an authentic product of the western experience. Instead of achieving his ambition, therefore, Wister gave us a sort of American folk epic, the cowboy story.（分数：10.00）(1).Owen Wister believed

35、 _.A. the way of life in the West in 1885 was a passing phaseB. the cowboy in 1885 symbolized the typical American male.C. the West would be always isolated from the rest of the country by its moral code.D. none of these.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reference to Wister as a self-envisioned Tolstoi impli

36、es that _.A. The Virginian is as great a novel as War and PeaceB. Wister underestimated himself as an authorC. Wister wanted to be a writer of light novelsD. as Tolstoi had laid bare the virtues and vices of Russian society, so Wister would do for the society of the American West.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3

37、).Stylistically, The Virginian is noted for the fact that it _.A. was written according to a pre-established formula.B. established the formula known as “horse opera“.C. followed the literary conventions of the day.D. abandoned American conventions in favor of foreign ones.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The p

38、opularity which was accorded The Virginian indicates that Wister _.A. realized his stated ambitionB. gave us an authentic account of the western experienceC. became the American TolstoiD. had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American aspirations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author of th

39、e article believes that _.A. The Virginian did not deserve the success it wonB. Wister made a definite contribution to American literatureC. Wister was a hackD. cowboy stories should be considered serious fiction（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The word science is heard so often, in mo

40、dem times that almost everybody has some notion of its meaning. On the other hand, its definition is difficult for many people. The meaning of the term is confused, but everyone should understand its meaning and objectives. Just to make the explanation as simple as possible, suppose science is defin

41、ed as classified knowledge(facts).Even in the true sciences distinguishing fact from fiction is not always easy. For this mason great care should be taken to distinguish between beliefs and truths. There is no danger as long as a clear difference is made between temporary and proved explanations. Fo

42、r example, hypotheses and theories are attempts to explain natural phenomena. From these positions the scientist continues to experiment and observe until they are proved or discredited. The exact statue of any explanation should be clearly labeled to avoid confusion.The objectives of science are pr

43、imarily the discovery and the subsequent understanding of the unknown. Man cannot be satisfied with recognizing that secrets exist in nature or that questions are unanswerable; he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much o

44、f their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposes for instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating ne

45、w consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries

46、 could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one-day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they

47、 were not made years ago, however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience

48、that most knowledge is eventually applied.（分数：6.00）(1).To define science we may simply call it _.A. the study of unrelated subjectsB. an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC. the study of unrelated fieldsD. classified knowledge（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, _.A. may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ resultsB. necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cellC. is not always as pure as we supposeD. necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).A scientist interest