【考研类试卷】考博英语-558及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-558 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Structure he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying cu

2、riosity, is referred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposesfor instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Someti

3、mes practical-minded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in application of such a practical nature as those di

4、rectly related to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery o

5、f the cell. The host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.（分数：5.00）(1).To define science we may simply call it _.（分数：1.00）A.the study of unre

6、lated subjectsB.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge(2).Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, _.（分数：1.00）A.may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a ce

7、llC.is not always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell(3).A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call _ his approach.（分数：1.00）A.applied scienceB.agriculture scienceC.pure scienceD.environmental scie

8、nce(4).Which of the following statements does the author imply?（分数：1.00）A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries.B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguis

9、h fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure scienc(5).The best title for the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.The Nature of Science and ScientistsB.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction八、Passage Four(总题

10、数：1，分数：5.00)In most American cities, the tent for a one-bedroom apartment was $250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities such as Louisville, Kentucky or Jacksonville, Florida the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. For example, if you lived in Los Angeles, you had to

11、 pay $400 or more to rent a one-bedroom apartment, and the same apartment rented for $625 and up in Chicago. The most expensive rents in the U. S. were in New York City, where you had to pay at least $700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city.Renters and city planners are

12、 worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent-control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents.Rent control in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on all American cities t

13、o help workers and the families of soldiers during World War II. After the war, only one cityNew Yorkcontinued these World War II controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls. At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in citie

14、s with rent-control laws.Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high? Builders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments. Builders want more money

15、 to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment bui

16、ldings to replace the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low-income families, so low-income families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair. Builders and landlords claim that rent-control laws really hurt low-income families.Many renter

17、s disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help for low

18、-income housing.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The Highest RentB.Rent ControlsC.Building Apartments for Low-Income FamiliesD.Rent-Control Laws(2).The aim of the U. S. government in imposing rent controls on American cities in 1943 was to help _

19、.（分数：1.00）A.workers and the families of soldiersB.low-income familiesC.up-middle-income familiesD.high-income families(3).This passage implies that the high cost of renting apartments is worried by _.（分数：1.00）A.some city governmentsB.low-income familiesC.renters and city plannersD.all of the above(4

20、).It can be inferred from the passage that rent controls _.（分数：1.00）A.seems unable to control high rentsB.is successfulC.is favoured by builders and landlordsD.will be cancelled(5).From the passage we learn that many renters disagree with _.（分数：1.00）A.low-income familiesB.builders and landlordsC.hig

21、h-income familiesD.the government九、Part English-Chine(总题数：1，分数：20.00)21.(1) The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans dont know how to think about health and

22、 illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. (2) We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs (臆想症患者), a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and

23、those that require professional attention.Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the bodys way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We dont understand that

24、pain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise

25、of garbage grinders, or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority.(

26、3) Early in life. too, we become seized with the bizarre idea that we are constantly as saulted by invisible monster, ers called germs, and that we have to be on constant alert to protect ourselves against their fury, but equal emphasis is not given to the presiding fact that our bodies are superbly

27、 equipped to deal with the little demons and the best way of forestalling an attack is to maintain a sensible lifestyle.（分数：20.00）_十、Part Chinese-Engli(总题数：1，分数：20.00)22.你可能在花费过多的时间竭力去赢得他人的赞许，也可能因别人的非议而费心劳神。如果别人的赞许已成为你生活中的一种需要，那么，你就不能听之任之了。首先，你应该认识到：寻求赞许与其说是生活之必需，不如说是一种欲望。我们都愿意博得掌声、听到赞扬或受到称颂。精神上受到抚慰

28、的感觉是美妙的。谁愿意放弃这种享受呢?是的，确实也没有必要放弃。赞许本身无损于你的精神健康；事实上，受到恭维是令人十分惬意的事。寻求赞许的心理只有在成为一种需要，而不仅仅是愿望时，才成为一个误区。（分数：20.00）_十一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)23.Outlines:1) interpretation of the saying;2) comments on the saying;3) embodiment of the saying in scientific research or daily life.（分数：20.00）_考博英语-558 答案解析(

29、总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Structure he must solve them. Toward that end specialists in the field of biology and related fields of interest are directing much of their time and energy.Actually, two basic approaches lead to the discovery of new information. One, aimed at satisfying curiosity, is ref

30、erred to as pure science. The other is aimed at using knowledge for specific purposesfor instance, improving health, raising standards of living, or creating new consumer products. In this case knowledge is put to economic use. Such an approach is referred to as applied science.Sometimes practical-m

31、inded people miss the point of pure science in thinking only of its immediate application for economic rewards. Chemists responsible for many of the discoveries could hardly have anticipated that their findings would one day result in application of such a practical nature as those directly related

32、to life and death. The discoveries of one bit of information opens the door to the discovery of another. Some discoveries seem so simple that one is amazed they were not made years ago; however, one should remember that the construction of the microscope had to precede the discovery of the cell. The

33、 host of scientists dedicating their lives to pure science are not apologetic about ignoring the practical side of their discoveries; they know from experience that most knowledge is eventually applied.（分数：5.00）(1).To define science we may simply call it _.（分数：1.00）A.the study of unrelated subjectsB

34、.an attempt to explain natural phenomenaC.the study of unrelated fieldsD.classified knowledge 解析：(2).Pure science, leading to the construction of a microscope, _.（分数：1.00）A.may lead to antiscientific, “impure“ resultsB.necessarily precedes applied science, leading to the discovery of a cell C.is not

35、 always as pure as we supposeD.necessarily results from applied science and the discovery of a cell解析：(3).A scientist interested in adding to our general knowledge about oxygen would probably call _ his approach.（分数：1.00）A.applied scienceB.agriculture scienceC.pure science D.environmental science解析：

36、(4).Which of the following statements does the author imply?（分数：1.00）A.Scientists engaged in theoretical research should not be blamed for ignoring the practical side of their discoveries. B.Today few people have any notions of the meaning of science.C.In science, it is not difficult to distinguish

37、fact from fiction.D.Practical-minded people can understand the meaning and objectives of pure scienc解析：(5).The best title for the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.The Nature of Science and Scientists B.Biology and the Scientific AgeC.Hypotheses and TheoriesD.On Distinguishing Fact from Fiction解析：八、Passage Fo

38、ur(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In most American cities, the tent for a one-bedroom apartment was $250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities such as Louisville, Kentucky or Jacksonville, Florida the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. For example, if you lived in Los Angeles, you h

39、ad to pay $400 or more to rent a one-bedroom apartment, and the same apartment rented for $625 and up in Chicago. The most expensive rents in the U. S. were in New York City, where you had to pay at least $700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city.Renters and city planner

40、s are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent-control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents.Rent control in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on all American cit

41、ies to help workers and the families of soldiers during World War II. After the war, only one cityNew Yorkcontinued these World War II controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls. At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in

42、cities with rent-control laws.Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so high? Builders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments. Builders want more

43、money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings. But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws. As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartmen

44、t buildings to replace the old apartment buildings. Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low-income families, so low-income families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair. Builders and landlords claim that rent-control laws really hurt low-income families.Many r

45、enters disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem. Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help fo

46、r low-income housing.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The Highest RentB.Rent Controls C.Building Apartments for Low-Income FamiliesD.Rent-Control Laws解析：(2).The aim of the U. S. government in imposing rent controls on American cities in 1943 was

47、to help _.（分数：1.00）A.workers and the families of soldiers B.low-income familiesC.up-middle-income familiesD.high-income families解析：(3).This passage implies that the high cost of renting apartments is worried by _.（分数：1.00）A.some city governmentsB.low-income familiesC.renters and city plannersD.all o

48、f the above 解析：(4).It can be inferred from the passage that rent controls _.（分数：1.00）A.seems unable to control high rents B.is successfulC.is favoured by builders and landlordsD.will be cancelled解析：(5).From the passage we learn that many renters disagree with _.（分数：1.00）A.low-income familiesB.builders and landlords C.high-income familiesD.the government解析：九、Part English-Chine(总题数：1，分数：20.00)21.(1) The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in