【考研类试卷】考博英语-556及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-556 及答案解析(总分：86.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Which of the information is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training.B.Employers today are looking for p

2、roven experience rather than potential ability.C.The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs.D.Companies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in their own staf2.What is the writers view in the reading passage?（分数：2.00）A.He believes that there a

3、re too many MBAs.B.He believes that the degree is over-valued.C.He believes that standards are inconsistent,D.He believes that the degree has dubious valu3.According to the passage, employers _.（分数：2.00）A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needsB.consider that cost-consc

4、iousness is the most important qualificationC.are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselvesD.feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures4.According to the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.managers need a degree and the ability to communicateB.trai

5、ning need to be done in groups to be successfulC.managers today must have good communication and leadership skillsD.industrial managers do not need to write letters.5.In the writer s opinion _.（分数：2.00）A.science increases competitionB.scientists are undervaluedC.the management of science needs reass

6、essmentD.management feels smug about its status四、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which of the following statements is not directly stated but can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The behavior of alcoholics contradicts the approach-avoidance theory.B.People may be taught by experience to become alc

7、oholics.C.Punishment may become the stimulus for added drinking.D.The behavior of alcoholics seems to defy accepted psychological theories.7.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?（分数：2.00）A.If the pleasurable taste of whisky leads to an acquired taste for brandy, then stimulu

8、s generalization has occurred.B.Slapping a child for misbehaving may over time encourage him to repeat his misbehavior.C.If a person has learned to drink under two sets of conditions, both must be present in order to induce him to drink.D.The troubles experienced by alcoholics as a result of their a

9、lcoholism tend to encourage them to abstain from drinkin8.To which one of the following questions does the author provide enough information to formulate an answer?（分数：2.00）A.Why do people who are alcoholics continue to drink even though the consequences of their drinking are very unpleasant?B.How d

10、id Conger explain the behavior of alcoholics in terms of shock therapy?C.Under what circumstances does an alcoholic benefit from anxiety attacks?D.To what extent does stimulus generalization prevent alcohol ingestion from becoming the signal for another bout of alcohol abuse?9.Which of the following

11、, according to the passage, contribute(s) to alcoholism?. the need to reduce tensions and anxieties. the anxieties resulting from guilt feelings about previous drinking bouts. punishment for alcoholic behavior（分数：2.00）A. onlyB. and onlyC., and D. and only10.The authors primary purpose in the passage

12、 is to _.（分数：2.00）A.support Alcoholics Anonymous as a means of coping with alcoholismB.present a learning paradigm that will help alcoholics to understand what causes their dependence upon alcoholC.explain the application of a psychological approach to alcoholismD.help researchers to formulate worka

13、ble hypotheses about the treatment of alcoholism五、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Summary and TRUE or (总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、综合题型(总题数：6，分数：12.00)11.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_九、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00

14、)17.They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who _ his post in time of war is to be shot.（分数：1.00）A.desertsB.deflectsC.detainsD.threw18.Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of _ love.（分数：1.00）A.extravagantB.prominentC.prescientD.eternal19.We need one hundre

15、d more signatures before we take the _ to the governor.（分数：1.00）A.pleaB.petitionC.patentD.claim20.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston _ a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.intent onB.provokedC.elatedD.pruned21.It demands artistic skill for a manager

16、to _ disputes among his employees.（分数：1.00）A.rectifyB.rebukeC.negotiateD.reconcile22.All the commodities sold in that shop are given one year s _.（分数：1.00）A.assuranceB.warrantC.guaranteeD.insurance23.You must _ yourself, or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.（分数：1.

17、00）A.promoteB.strengthenC.assertD.assess24.The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _ from a straight line.（分数：1.00）A.distractedB.deviatedC.intriguedD.permeated25.The policeman tried to _ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.（分数：1.00）A.indu

18、ceB.abductC.indulgeD.lure26.In the past most pilots have been men, but today the number of women _ this field is climbing.（分数：1.00）A.shammingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing27.People of all countries are expected to _ the principles of the United Nations and defend the peace in the world.（分数：1.00）A

19、.inspectB.expeditedC.upholdD.reinstall28.This teaching method is a _ of many methods which have been used for decades in the country.（分数：1.00）A.symposiumB.symphonyC.spectrogramD.synthesis29.Strict sanitary procedures formulated by our municipal government help to _ out breaks of diseases.（分数：1.00）A.

20、previewB.forestallC.igniteD.fluctuate30.The magician picked out several persons _ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.（分数：1.00）A.by accidentB.on averageC.on occasionD.at random31.For many people, overeating and overspending are as _ to Christmas as candles and holly.（分数

21、：1.00）A.integralB.suitableC.inevitableD.compatible32.Since any answer was likely to cause embarrassment to his party, the politician tried to _ the question.（分数：1.00）A.evadeB.deludeC.secludeD.invade33.Susan prefers to have her left _ photographed as she believes that s her better side.（分数：1.00）A.vei

22、lB.viewC.fringeD.profile34.She never _ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.（分数：1.00）A.indulgedB.troubledC.exertedD.frustrated35.Mr. Scott asked for an assistant because his work load was too _.（分数：1.00）A.preoccupiedB.onerousC.triflingD.omnipresent36.Reading became d

23、ifficult for the old lady, so the optician _ her a pair of glasses to make her reading possible.（分数：1.00）A.proscribedB.inscribedC.prescribedD.described十、Part Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、The single long a st(总题数：5，分数：20.00)37.（分数：4.00）_38.（分数：4.00）_39.（分数：4.00）_40.（分数：4.00）_41.（分数：4.00）_十二、Part Writ

24、ing(总题数：1，分数：14.00)42.Nowadays we can see American films and TV programs pouring in, fast food restaurants pop ping up in our cities, and many other imported products dominating our markets. Many people are happy to see them whereas others worry about such trends. Give your opinion in an essay of no

25、 less than 250 words.（分数：14.00）_考博英语-556 答案解析(总分：86.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)1.Which of the information is true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training.B.Em

26、ployers today are looking for proven experience rather than potential ability. C.The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs.D.Companies would have benefited more from recruiting MBAs rather than investing in their own staf解析：文中第二段中说的 seek“can-dos”rather than“might-dos”表明企业更看

27、重实际的能力而非潜在的能力，B 正确；A 错误，他们说的是自己，而非同事；C 错误，Management Charter Initiative 正在开发一种新的高级管理资格标准，而非 MBA；D 错误，刚好相反。2.What is the writers view in the reading passage?（分数：2.00）A.He believes that there are too many MBAs.B.He believes that the degree is over-valued.C.He believes that standards are inconsistent,

28、D.He believes that the degree has dubious valu解析：从文中第三段可知 C项正确；A，B，D 三项文中提到过，但只是某些人的观点，作者并未完全赞同。3.According to the passage, employers _.（分数：2.00）A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needsB.consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualificationC.are more con

29、cerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselvesD.feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures 解析：根据文章一二段可知 D项正确；A 文章未提及；B 对于成本的考虑是对雇主的形容，而不是对于管理者的素质要求；C 错误，应该是对其自身素质的考虑重于学位的考虑。4.According to the passage _.（分数：2.00）A.managers need a degree and the abi

30、lity to communicateB.training need to be done in groups to be successfulC.managers today must have good communication and leadership skills D.industrial managers do not need to write letters.解析：文中第四段最后一句中“above all，the ability to communicate and lead”可知答案。5.In the writer s opinion _.（分数：2.00）A.scien

31、ce increases competition B.scientists are undervaluedC.the management of science needs reassessmentD.management feels smug about its status解析：文章最后一段中“No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world”，可见科学是促进竞争的因素之一；B 错误，文中只是假设；C 在文中未提及

32、；D 错误，与文中意思相反。四、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)6.Which of the following statements is not directly stated but can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The behavior of alcoholics contradicts the approach-avoidance theory.B.People may be taught by experience to become alcoholics.C.Punishment may become t

33、he stimulus for added drinking.D.The behavior of alcoholics seems to defy accepted psychological theories. 解析：从第三段第一句可直接得出 A的结论，最后一段直接陈述了 B的情形，倒数第二段表明了 C的情形，三项均可从文中直接得出，D 可从文中推出，因为许多酗酒的原因的确让人不可思议，比如酒后的痛苦仍然阻止不了人们，还有惩罚也在其中起到了很大的作用，这是人们已经接受的心理学理论所不能解释的。7.Which of the following statements is supported b

34、y the passage?（分数：2.00）A.If the pleasurable taste of whisky leads to an acquired taste for brandy, then stimulus generalization has occurred.B.Slapping a child for misbehaving may over time encourage him to repeat his misbehavior. C.If a person has learned to drink under two sets of conditions, both

35、 must be present in order to induce him to drink.D.The troubles experienced by alcoholics as a result of their alcoholism tend to encourage them to abstain from drinkin解析：此题可用排除法，A 错误，“stimulus generalization”是指喝酒时的情绪状态本身具备了外界刺激的作用，从而引发酗酒；c 错误，两种情形中的一种存在即可；D 喝酒后的痛苦并不会遏制酗酒者继续喝酒；B 项正确，从倒数第二段对 punishme

36、nt的分析可知。8.To which one of the following questions does the author provide enough information to formulate an answer?（分数：2.00）A.Why do people who are alcoholics continue to drink even though the consequences of their drinking are very unpleasant? B.How did Conger explain the behavior of alcoholics in

37、 terms of shock therapy?C.Under what circumstances does an alcoholic benefit from anxiety attacks?D.To what extent does stimulus generalization prevent alcohol ingestion from becoming the signal for another bout of alcohol abuse?解析：作者在第三段回答了“尽管喝酒已经产生了不愉快的结果，为什么酗酒的人还是会继续喝下去”这个问题，故选 A。9.Which of the f

38、ollowing, according to the passage, contribute(s) to alcoholism?. the need to reduce tensions and anxieties. the anxieties resulting from guilt feelings about previous drinking bouts. punishment for alcoholic behavior（分数：2.00）A. onlyB. and onlyC., and D. and only解析：由第二段第一句 Some experimental evidence

39、reduces fear in an approach-avoidance situation，可知正确。由第四段第一句 In fact，anxieties and feelings of guiltthe signal for another bout of alcohol abuse，可知正确。由第五段第二句 While punishment may a reward and reinforce tile behavior 可知正确。故选 C。10.The authors primary purpose in the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.support A

40、lcoholics Anonymous as a means of coping with alcoholismB.present a learning paradigm that will help alcoholics to understand what causes their dependence upon alcohol C.explain the application of a psychological approach to alcoholismD.help researchers to formulate workable hypotheses about the tre

41、atment of alcoholism解析：文章通篇讨论的是喝酒者对酒精产生依赖的原因，A，C，D 三项均与原文无关。五、Part B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Summary and TRUE or (总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、综合题型(总题数：6，分数：12.00)11.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：inadequate food intake）解析：12.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：fermentation）解析：13.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：acidity）解析：14.（

42、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：storage life）解析：15.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：dough）解析：16.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：traditional food）解析：九、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)17.They are taught by their superiors that a soldier who _ his post in time of war is to be shot.（分数：1.00）A.deserts B.deflectsC.detainsD.threw解析：de

43、sert 放弃，逃跑。deflect 使偏斜。detain 拘留，阻止。throw 投，扔。18.Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of _ love.（分数：1.00）A.extravagantB.prominentC.prescientD.eternal 解析：extravagant 奢侈的，浪费的。prominent 卓越的，显著的。prescient 预见的，先知的。eternal永恒的。19.We need one hundred more signatures before

44、we take the _ to the governor.（分数：1.00）A.pleaB.petition C.patentD.claim解析：plea 请求。petition 情愿(书)。patent 专利，执照。claim 要求，主张。20.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston _ a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.（分数：1.00）A.intent onB.provoked C.elatedD.pruned解析：intent on 专心

45、于。provoke 挑拨，煽动。elate 使得意。prune 剪除。21.It demands artistic skill for a manager to _ disputes among his employees.（分数：1.00）A.rectifyB.rebukeC.negotiateD.reconcile 解析：rectify 矫正，调整。rebuke 指责，谴责。negotiate 商议，谈判。reconcile 调解，使和好。22.All the commodities sold in that shop are given one year s _.（分数：1.00）A.a

46、ssuranceB.warrantC.guarantee D.insurance解析：assurance 确信，保证。warrant 授权，证明。guarantee 保证，担保。insurance 保险。23.You must _ yourself, or they will continue to bully you, so you will go on living in disgrace.（分数：1.00）A.promoteB.strengthenC.assert D.assess解析：assert oneself 坚持自己的权利，表现自己的权威。promote 促进，提升。strength en 加强，巩固。assert 断言，声称。assess 估计，评估。24.The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be _ from a straight line.（分数：1.00）A.distractedB.deviated C.intriguedD.permeated解析：distract 转移。dev