【考研类试卷】考博英语-318及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-318 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.（分数：1.00）A.protectB.relieveC.conserveD.free2.City police Sunday arrested former Mayor Richard Weekly on a long list of bribery, official misconduct, fraud,

2、and corruption charges.（分数：1.00）A.deceitB.murderC.privilegeD.accident3.During his lifetime he was lucky to accumulate quite a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.overtakeB.confrontC.gatherD.demonstrate4.The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt.（分数：1.00）A.controlB.shareC.grantD.segment5.The scientists di

3、scovery will have a profound influence on mankind.（分数：1.00）A.deepB.moderateC.negativeD.positive6.The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.（分数：1.00）A.resolvesB.involvesC.evolvesD.rotates7.It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are im poss

4、ible to reverse.（分数：1.00）A.strikingB.emotionalC.horribleD.sensational8.The politician tried to convince the voters that he was the man for the job.（分数：1.00）A.preachB.persuadeC.confrontD.specify9.He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.（分数：1.00）A.tenacityB.curio

5、sityC.civilityD.hostility10.The government would not dare to impose taxes on such necessities as-bread or milk.（分数：1.00）A.cutB.chargeC.forceD.occur11.The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much ice-cream.（分数：1.00）A.outrageousB.fatalC.fierceD.frequent12.More and more people nowada

6、ys are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-conscious.（分数：1.00）A.given inB.giving outC.giving awayD.giving up13.Scientists are often fascinated by phenomena that many ordinary people ignore.（分数：1.00）A.attractedB.disturbedC.horrifiedD.satisfied14.Dont be so innocent as

7、 to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：1.00）A.illiterateB.ignorantC.stupidD.simple15.Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays.（分数：1.00）A.dangersB.venturesC.galaxiesD.prospects二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage 1(总题数：5，分数：10.00)16.American researchers found that t

8、he language clock could help _.（分数：2.00）A.count the exact time by yearsB.decide when the language came into beingC.make sure when the Aleuts left the mainlandD.determine how the time changed17.To invent the language clock the researchers studied and compared _.（分数：2.00）A.tile pronunciation of langua

9、ge in different yearsB.the spelling of some languages in different centuriesC.the vocabulary of languages in different timesD.the grammar of some languages in different times18.From the passage, we can infer that language clock is _.（分数：2.00）A.a mechanic clockB.a figurative clockC.an electronic cloc

10、kC. a diamond clock19.Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.After 3 000 years, each daughter language shared only 29% of the basic 200-word vocabulary.B.Some Aleuts are the descendants of Eskimos on the mainland of Alaska.C.The language clock can help to de

11、termine the dates of certain events.D.Through thousands of years languages change only in vocabulary.20.Generally speaking, after 4 000 years, on the average, the percentage of the 200 original words which remained in use was _.（分数：2.00）A.81%B.66%C.43%D.29%四、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.According to

12、the passage, all of the following statements are true except that _.（分数：2.00）A.in arranged marriages, the brides and grooms never meet before their weddingB.many Americans think the idea of arranged marriage out of dateC.all marriages are not arranged in AmericaD.a lot of informally arranged marriag

13、es exist in America22.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Some couples marry according to their parents arrangement.B.Some men seek their future-wife by advertising in the newspaper.C.The Americans will not live together before their marriage.D.Friends and parents usual

14、ly play an important role in arranging marriag23.Most Americans deem that _.（分数：2.00）A.financial status determines the choice of a marriage partnerB.young men and women should get married as soon as they fall in loveC.arranged marriages are hardly understood and acceptedD.love plays a critical role

15、in marriage24.Which of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Americans MarriageB.Arranged MarriageC.Marriage for LoveD.Perfect Marriage25.We can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.children always ask their parents for opinions about marriageB.the author thinks t

16、hat in America marriages still bear class characterC.it is unusual for Americans to live together as a way of preparing for marriagesD.despite the different backgrounds, people still marry in America五、Passage 3(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.The selection of medical professionals are currently based on _.（分数：2.0

17、0）A.candidates sensitivityB.academic achievementsC.competitive spiritD.surer values27.What does the word “adopt“ (par（分数：2.00）A.2, Line 2) mean in the passage?A. Take.B. Adjust.C. Adapt.D. Expert.28.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.the personality of a child is well esta

18、blished at birthB.family influence dominates the shaping of one s characteristicsC.the development of one s personality is due to multiple factorsD.B-type characteristics can find no place in a competitive society29.According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually _.（分数：2.00）A.impatientB.con

19、siderableC.aggressiveD.agreeable30.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because _.（分数：2.00）A.the pressure is too great on the studentsB.some students are bound to failC.failure rates are too highD.the results of examinations are doubtful六、Part Translating t(总题数：0

20、，分数：0.00)七、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：6.00)31.These challenges are by no means unique to China and countries must work together to resolve them.（分数：6.00）_八、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)32.The tobacco epidemic is still expanding, especially in developing countries where currently seven out of every 10 tobacco-rel

21、ated deaths occur, according to WHO. At current rates, the total number of tobacco users is expected to rise to 1.7 billion by 2025 from 1.3 billion now.（分数：6.00）_九、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)33.Early underwriters of the initiative include IBM and Intel. “Intel is a strong proponent of enabling afforda

22、ble Internet connectivity worldwide, and we are developing wireless technologies and working with organizations like W2i to help accelerate the adoption of broadband wireless technologies worldwide,“ said Julie Coppernoll, director of marketing lot Intel s Wireless Networking Group.（分数：6.00）_十、Passa

23、ge 4(总题数：1，分数：6.00)34.Early data warehousing efforts focused on separating the decision-support environment from operational transaction-processing systems. The ultimate goal was to create a centralized source of data for accurate, consistent reporting. The greatest cost of implementing data warehou

24、ses comes from the process of extracting, transforming and integrating data from source systems.（分数：6.00）_十一、Part Translation t(总题数：1，分数：6.00)35.我们国家要走向现代化，最大的障碍，并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。资金可以积累，资源可以更有效的利用，技术可以创造也可以引进，但是几亿人口的素质(quality)是无法引进的，这必须靠我们去提高。（分数：6.00）_十二、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：2

25、5.00)36.Lester Brown of the World watch Institute, an environmental watchdog based in Washington, D.C. warns that Chinas water problems will have global repercussions. Brown calculates that shortages will cut Chinas annual agricultural output by 9 million tons, forcing it to buy grain. This will pus

26、h up world food prices.（分数：25.00）_考博英语-318 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.（分数：1.00）A.protect B.relieveC.conserveD.free解析：shield 保护，防护。protect 保护。relieve 减轻，解除，救济。conserve 使(某物)不变质，保存。free使自由。2.City

27、 police Sunday arrested former Mayor Richard Weekly on a long list of bribery, official misconduct, fraud, and corruption charges.（分数：1.00）A.deceit B.murderC.privilegeD.accident解析：fraud 欺骗。deceit 欺骗，欺诈。murder 谋杀。privilege 特权，优惠。accident 事故，意外的事。3.During his lifetime he was lucky to accumulate quite

28、a fortune.（分数：1.00）A.overtakeB.confrontC.gather D.demonstrate解析：accumulate 积累。gather 聚集。overtake 追上，赶上，压倒。confront 使面对，使对证。demonstrate说明，论证，表述。4.The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt.（分数：1.00）A.control B.shareC.grantD.segment解析：monopoly 垄断，独占，专利。 control 控制，支配。share 分享。grant 同意给予或允许，

29、正式或依法给予某物。segment 切片，部分，片段。5.The scientists discovery will have a profound influence on mankind.（分数：1.00）A.deep B.moderateC.negativeD.positive解析：profound 深刻的，渊博的。deep 深的，深厚的。moderate 温和的，适中的。negative 否定的，消极的。positive 确定的，积极的。6.The each revolves both round the sun and on its own axis.（分数：1.00）A.resol

30、vesB.involvesC.evolvesD.rotates 解析：revolve 旋转。rotate 旋转。resolve 解决，决心。involve 使卷入，干涉。evolve 使进化，使发展。7.It is now believed that the dramatic changes in family structure, though regrettable, are im possible to reverse.（分数：1.00）A.strikingB.emotionalC.horribleD.sensational 解析：dramatic 不寻常的，戏剧性的。sensation

31、al 引起轰动的。horrible 可怕的，令人讨厌的。striking显著的，在视觉产生深刻印象的。emotional 感情的，情绪的。8.The politician tried to convince the voters that he was the man for the job.（分数：1.00）A.preachB.persuade C.confrontD.specify解析：convince 使确信，使信服。persuade 劝说，说服。preach 说教，布道，鼓吹。 confront 面对。specify指定，详细说明。9.He displayed a complete l

32、ack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.（分数：1.00）A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civility D.hostility解析：courtesy 礼貌，谦恭，请安。civility 礼貌，端庄。tenacity 紧持，固执。curiosity 好奇，好奇心，珍品。hostility 敌对状态，敌意。10.The government would not dare to impose taxes on such necessities as-bread or milk.（分数：1.00）A.cutB.cha

33、rgeC.force D.occur解析：impose 把强加，征(税)。force 强迫，迫使。cut 切，割，砍。charge 使承担。 occur 发生，出现，存在。11.The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much ice-cream.（分数：1.00）A.outrageousB.fatalC.fierce D.frequent解析：violent 猛烈的，激烈的。fierce 猛烈的，激烈的。outrageous 蛮横无理的，残暴的。fatal 致命的，命运的。frequent 时常发生的，经常的。12

34、.More and more people nowadays are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-conscious.（分数：1.00）A.given inB.giving outC.giving awayD.giving up 解析：quit 停止做某事。give up 停止，放弃。Give in 呈交，屈服，让步。Give out 分发，散发，发出。give away 有意或无意地泄露某事或出卖某人。13.Scientists are often fascinated by phe

35、nomena that many ordinary people ignore.（分数：1.00）A.attracted B.disturbedC.horrifiedD.satisfied解析：fascinate 强烈吸引，把迷住。attract 吸引，引起，诱惑。disturb 打扰，弄乱。 horrify 使震惊。satisfy 使满意，使满足。14.Dont be so innocent as to believe everything the politicians say.（分数：1.00）A.illiterateB.ignorantC.stupidD.simple 解析：innoc

36、ent 天真的，幼稚的。simple 简单的，天真的。illiterate 文盲的。ignorant 愚昧的，无知的。stupid 笨的，愚蠢的。15.Space is full of unseen hazards among which are cosmic rays.（分数：1.00）A.dangers B.venturesC.galaxiesD.prospects解析：hazard 危险，公害。danger 危险。venture 冒险。galaxy 银河系。prospect 展望，前景，前程。二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage 1(总

37、题数：5，分数：10.00)16.American researchers found that the language clock could help _.（分数：2.00）A.count the exact time by yearsB.decide when the language came into beingC.make sure when the Aleuts left the mainland D.determine how the time changed解析：由文章最后一句知，the investigators 可以根据 the language clock来 calc

38、ulate the date of the event，故选项 C正确。17.To invent the language clock the researchers studied and compared _.（分数：2.00）A.tile pronunciation of language in different yearsB.the spelling of some languages in different centuriesC.the vocabulary of languages in different times D.the grammar of some languag

39、es in different times解析：文章第二段倒数第二句 They found thatpronounced differently，即他们是根据单词的使用情况来研究，而不是发音或拼写；三、四两段都是从词汇的角度进行了一系列对比，故选项 C正确。18.From the passage, we can infer that language clock is _.（分数：2.00）A.a mechanic clockB.a figurative clock C.an electronic clockC. a diamond clock解析：通读全文可以发现，作者所说的 languag

40、e clock实际上是根据语言的变化来推断历史事件发生的时间，用 clock只是一个形象的比喻。故选项 B正确。19.Which of the following sentences is not true according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.After 3 000 years, each daughter language shared only 29% of the basic 200-word vocabulary.B.Some Aleuts are the descendants of Eskimos on the mainland of Alask

41、a.C.The language clock can help to determine the dates of certain events.D.Through thousands of years languages change only in vocabulary. 解析：文章第二段指出“though written or pronounced differently，即在拼写和发音方面也有不同，因此不止是在词汇方面发生了变化，选项 D说仅仅是在词汇方面发生变化，不正确。20.Generally speaking, after 4 000 years, on the average,

42、 the percentage of the 200 original words which remained in use was _.（分数：2.00）A.81%B.66%C.43% D.29%解析：由文章第三段知，每隔一千年原有词汇的 81%会保留下来，而文中指出 3000年后 53% of the original number仍然在使用，故 4000年后应该是 53%乘以 81%等于 43%。故选项 C正确。四、Passage 2(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.According to the passage, all of the following statements

43、are true except that _.（分数：2.00）A.in arranged marriages, the brides and grooms never meet before their wedding B.many Americans think the idea of arranged marriage out of dateC.all marriages are not arranged in AmericaD.a lot of informally arranged marriages exist in America解析：原文第一段说在 arranged marri

44、age中，通常不会征求男女双方的意见，有时 they do not even meet each other until the day of the wedding，但并不是说在此类婚姻中他们都从不见面，选项 A表述不准确。22.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Some couples marry according to their parents arrangement.B.Some men seek their future-wife by advertising in the news

45、paper.C.The Americans will not live together before their marriage. D.Friends and parents usually play an important role in arranging marriag解析：文章第二段倒数第二句 Today in Americapreparing for marriage，即在美国，人们婚前同居是很普遍的现象，选项 C说美国人婚前不同居，不正确。23.Most Americans deem that _.（分数：2.00）A.financial status determines

46、the choice of a marriage partnerB.young men and women should get married as soon as they fall in loveC.arranged marriages are hardly understood and accepted D.love plays a critical role in marriage解析：文章第二段第一句指出“Most Americans findunderstand or accept”，即大多数美国人认为很难理解或接受 arranged marriage，故选项 C正确。24.Wh

47、ich of the following can be chosen as the best title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Americans MarriageB.Arranged Marriage C.Marriage for LoveD.Perfect Marriage解析：文章前两段首先提出正式的 arranged marriage的定义及人们对此所持的态度；后三段着重讲述在美国，尽管人们不接受 arranged marriage，但实际上他们只是 informal arranging，形式不同而已。所以通篇文章都在讲述 arranged marriage，故选项 B正确。25.We can draw the conclusion that _.（分数：2.00）A.children always ask their parents for opinions about marriageB.the author thinks that in America marriages still bear class character C.it is unusual