【考研类试卷】考博英语-268及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-268 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Structure a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, at tached to it, so exceptional a

2、nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886year in which, as contemporary Coca-Cola officials like to point out, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liber tPemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Cola. It was

3、a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. H

4、e distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeepers script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola“ was writ ten in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a re freshment than as a headache cure, especially

5、 for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop of Coca-cola. Druggists customarily stirred a tea spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instanc

6、e the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the

7、 passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He was highly respected by Atlantans.B.He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C.He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D.He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.(2).Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pe

8、mbertons Company?（分数：1.00）A.Skills to make French wine.B.Talent for drawing pictures.C.An acute sense of smell.D.Ability to work with numbers.(3).Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?（分数：1.00）A.He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmess.B.He brought a quite profitable product into being.C

9、.He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D.He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution.(4).One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was_.（分数：1.00）A.used beer bottles were chosen as containersB.the amount of caffeine in it was increasedC.it was blended with oils instead o

10、f waterD.cola nut extract was added to taste(5).According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for_.（分数：1.00）A.the young as a soft drinkB.a replacement of French Wine CocaC.the relief of a hangoverD.a cure for the common headache(6).The last paragraph mainly tells_.（分

11、数：1.00）A.the complaint against the lazy shop-assistantB.a real test of Coca-Cola as a headache cureC.the mediocre service of the drugstoreD.a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola2Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press“ proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordina

12、ry people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independ- ent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the bus iness community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for finan

13、cial support upon polit ical party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superi or in their handling of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make .important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be hig

14、hly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full de tail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A

15、popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper be came a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leader ship. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the hig

16、her level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The Sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it wa

17、s bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police re porter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold f

18、or six cents. By 1837 the Sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the Sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imita

19、ting Days success founded the Philadelphia Public Ledger (1836) and the Baltimore Sun (1837). The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.（分数：6.00）(1).What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press“?（分数：1.00）A.It was known for its in-depth news reporting.B.It had an involvement with

20、some political parties.C.It depended on the business community for survival.D.It aimed at pleasing the general publi(2).In its early days, a penny paper often_.（分数：1.00）A.paid much attention to political partiesB.provided stories that hit the pubic tasteC.offered penetrating editorials on various is

21、suesD.covered important news with inaccuracy(3).As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper_.（分数：1.00）A.improved its contentB.changed its writing styleC.developed a more sensational styleD.became a tool for political parties(4).The underlined word “ventures“ in Paragraph 2 can best b

22、e replaced by_.（分数：1.00）A.editorsB.reportersC.newspapersD.companies(5).What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore Sun?（分数：1.00）A.They turned out to be failures.B.They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C.They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D.They became well-kno

23、wn newspapers in the U. S.(6).This passage is probably taken from a book on_.（分数：1.00）A.the work ethics of the American mediaB.the technique in news reportingC.the history of sensationalism in American mediaD.the impact of mass media on American society3Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a w

24、riter needsa room of ones own. The writer she has in mind wasnt at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hyper texts, animated graphics and downloads of trance, charming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, Real Player and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown Universi ty

25、. That was where Mark Amerikahis legally adopted name; dont ask him about his birth namecomposed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isnt just a sto ry. Its an online narrative (grammatron. com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicated kno

26、ts. In the four years it took to produceit was completed in 997each new advance in computer software became another potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,“ jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “Thats unusual for a writer, because if you

27、just write on paper the technology is pretty stable. “Nothing about Gramrnatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of nanograph a quasi-mystical computer code that some unmystical corpora tions are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prag

28、ue-23, a virtual “city“ in cyberspace where visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic. The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatrons 1,000-plus text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen just double-click. But each of

29、 those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a differ ent pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and theres a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense file story you make.Amerika teaches digital art at the University

30、 of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,“ he says. Some avant-garde writersJulio Cortazar, Italo Calvi nohave also experimented with novels that wander out of their authors control. “But w

31、hat makes the Net so exciting,“ says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animation. “ That room of ones Own is turning into a fun house.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly to tell_.（分数：1.00）A.differences between conventional and modern novelsB.how Mark Amerika

32、 composed his novel GrammatronC.common features of all modern electronic novelsD.why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing(2).Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer.9（分数：1.00）A.Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.B.It

33、is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C.Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor.D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspac(3).As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it_.（分数：1.00）A.provides potentials for the story developmen

34、tB.is one of the novels at gramatron, comC.can be downloaded free of chargeD.boasts of the best among cyber stories(4).By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that_.（分数：1.00）A.he could not help but set his Crrammatron and others in Industrial RevolutionB.conven

35、tional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technologyC.much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependentD.he couldnt care less new advance in computer software(5).As the passage shows, Grammatron makes it possible for readers to_.（分数：1.00）A.adapt the story for a video version

36、B.“walk in“ the story and interact with itC.develop the plots within the authors controlD.steal the show and become the main character(6).Amerika told his students not to_.（分数：1.00）A.immerse themselves only in creating the plotB.be captivated by the plot alone while readingC.be lagged far behind in

37、the plot developmentD.let their plot get lost in the on-going story4In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys lead ing a much smaller boy out of a Liverpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger away from his mother, who was shopping, and led him

38、 on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroad track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before leaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robe

39、rt Thompson, then went off to watch cartoon.Today the boys are 18-year-old men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facili ties, they have been deemed fit for release-probably this spring. The dilemma now con fronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a s

40、ociety that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sloss decided the young men were in so much danger that they nee ded an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For the rest of their lives, Ven ables and Thompson will

41、 have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts or the new identities the govern ment will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.In the U. S. , which is harder on j

42、uvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “Were clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,“ says Lau rence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U. S. has been to allow publication of ever mo

43、re information about underage offenders. U. S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts, which, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victims family is enraged, as are the ever-eager British tabloids. “What right have they g

44、ot to be given special protection as adults. “ asks Bulgers mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citi zens have a right to know if Venables or Thompson move in next door. Says Conservative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins: “It almost leaves you with the feeling that the n

45、astier the crime, the greater the chance for a passport to a completely new life. /（分数：6.00）(1).What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Two ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play.B.James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.C.Two mischievous boys forged a train acci

46、dent.D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.(2).According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson_.（分数：1.00）A.have been treated as juvenile delinquentsB.have been held in protective custody for their murder gameC.were caught while watching cartoons eight years agoD.have already serve

47、d out their 10 years in prison(3).The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_.（分数：1.00）A.hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general publicB.be doomed to become social outcasts after releaseC.still remain dangerous and destructive if set freeD.be inclined to commit a recurri

48、ng crime(4).According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be_.（分数：1.00）A.banned from any kind of press interviewB.kept under constant surveillance by policeC.shielded from being identified as killersD.ordered to report to police their whereabouts(5).From the pas

49、sage we can infer that a U. S. counterpart of Venables or Thompson would_.（分数：1.00）A.have no freedom to go wherever he wantsB.serve a life imprisonment for the crimeC.be forbidden to join many of his relativesD.no doubt receive massive publicity in the U. S.(6).As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that_.（分数：1.00）A.it is controversial as it goes without precedentB.the British media are sure to do the contraryC.Bulgers family would enter all