【考研类试卷】考博英语-200及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-200 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)John Grisham was born on February 2, 1955, in Jonesboro, Arkansas, in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America, stopping wherever he

2、 could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981, Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in Southaven, specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation (诉讼). In 1983, he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1

3、990. One day at the Dessoto County courthouse, Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel exploring what would have happened if the girl“s father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel, cal

4、led A Time to Kill, which was published in 1988. Grisham“s next novel, The Firm, was one of the biggest hits of 1991, spending 47 weeks on The New York Times bestseller list. Grisham was then able to give up law and concentrate on writing. Grisham lives with his wife and two children, dividing their

5、 time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville, Virginia. When he“s not writing, Grisham devotes time to charitable causes, including mission trips with his church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball play

6、er, and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ball fields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.（分数：20.00）(1).John Grisham is _ at present.（分数：4.00）A.a writerB.a lawyerC.a professional baseball playerD.a congressman(2).What inspired Grisham to

7、write his first novel?（分数：4.00）A.A case of murderB.A case of rapeC.His father“s experienceD.His life on the farm(3).The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on _.（分数：4.00）A.how the girl was attackedB.the circumstances of the rapeC.how the girl“s father took revengeD.how the case of

8、 rape was settled(4).Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm?（分数：4.00）A.It was popular at the time of publicationB.It earned Grisham great fameC.It brought Grisham wealthD.It was carried by The New York Times as a series(5).It can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built

9、ball fields on his property _.（分数：4.00）A.to achieve his life“s goal as a professional baseball playerB.to coach children in baseballC.to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD.to provide facilities of baseball training三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A quality education is the ultimate li

10、berator. It can free people from poverty, giving them the power to greatly improve their lives and take a productive place in society. It can also free communities and countries, allowing them to leap forward into periods of wealth and social unity that otherwise would not be possible. For this reas

11、on, the international community has committed itself to getting all the world“s children into primary school by 2,015, a commitment known as Education for All. Can education for all be achieved by 2,015? The answer is definitely “yes“, although it is a difficult task. If we now measure the goal in t

12、erms of children successfully completing a minimum of five years of primary school, instead of just enrolling for classes, which used to be the measuring stick for education, then the challenge becomes even more difficult. Only 32 countries were formerly believed to be at risk of not achieving educa

13、tion for all on the basis of enrollment rates. The number rises to 88 if completion rates are used as the criterion. Still, the goal is achievable with the right policies and the right support from the international community. 59 of the 88 countries at risk can reach universal primary completion by

14、2,015 if they bring the efficiency and quality of their education systems into line with standards observed in higher-performing systems. They also need significant increases in external financing and technical support. The 29 countries lagging farthest behind will not reach the goal without unprece

15、dented rates of progress. But this is attainable with creative solutions, including use of information technologies, flexible and targeted foreign aid, and fewer people living in poverty. A key lesson of experience about what makes development effective is that a country“s capacity to use aid well d

16、epends heavily on its policies, institutions and management. Where a country scores well on these criteria, foreign assistance can be highly effective.（分数：20.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author suggests that a quality education can _.（分数：4.00）A.free countries from foreign rulesB.speed up socia

17、l progressC.give people freedomD.liberate people from any exploitation(2).Ideally, the goal of the program of Education for all is to _ by 2,015.（分数：4.00）A.get all the world“s children to complete primary schoolB.enroll all the world“s children into primary schoolC.give quality education to people o

18、f 88 countriesD.support those committed to transforming their education systems(3)._ countries are now at risk of not achieving Education for All on the basis of completion rates.（分数：4.00）A.32B.59C.29D.88(4).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as the right policy?（分数：4.

19、00）A.Raising the efficiency of education systemsB.Improving the quality of educationC.Using information technologiesD.Building more primary schools(5).As can be gathered from the last paragraph, foreign aid _.（分数：4.00）A.may not be highly effectiveB.is provided only when some criteria are metC.alone

20、makes development possibleD.is most effective for those countries lagging farthest behind四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most people think of lions as strictly African beasts, but only because they“ve been killed off almost everywhere else. Ten thousand years ago lions spanned vast sections of the globe.

21、 Now lions hold only a small fraction of their former habitat, and Asiatic lions, a subspecies that spit from African lions perhaps 100,000 years ago, hang on to an almost impossibly small slice of their former territory. India is the proud steward of these 300 or so lions, which live primarily in a

22、 560-square-mile sanctuary (保护区). It took me a year and a half to get a permit to explore the entire Gir Forestand no time at all to see why these lions became symbols of royalty and greatness. A tiger will hide in the forest unseen, but a lion stands its ground, curious and unafraidlionhearted. Tho

23、ugh they told me in subtle ways when I got too close, Gir“s lions allowed me unique glimpses into their lives during my three months in the forest. It“s odd to think that they are threatened by extinction; Gir has as many lions as it can holdtoo many, in fact. With territory in short supply, lions m

24、ove about near the boundary of the forest and even leave it altogether, often clashing with people. That“s one reason India is creating a second sanctuary. There are other pressing reasons: outbreaks of disease or natural disasters. In 1994 a serious disease killed more than a third of Africa“s Sere

25、ngeti lionsa thousand animalsa fate that could easily happen to Gir“s cats. These lions are especially vulnerable to disease because they descend from as few as a dozen individuals. “If you do a DNA test, Asiatic lions actually look like identical twins,“ says Stephen O“Brien, a geneticist (基因学家) wh

26、o has studied them. Yet the dangers are hidden, and you wouldn“t suspect them by watching these lords of the forest. The lions display vitality, and no small measure of charm. Though the gentle intimacy of play vanishes when it“s time to eat, meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affairs. For a m

27、other and her baby lion sharing a deer, or a young male eating an antelope (羚羊). There“s no need to fight for a cut of the kill. The animals they hunt for food are generally smaller in Gir than those in Africa, and hunting groups tend to be smaller as well.（分数：20.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the a

28、uthor tells us that Asiatic lions _.（分数：4.00）A.have killed off other lionsB.have descended from African lionsC.used to span vast sections of the globeD.have lost their habitat(2).What impressed the author most when he went to watch the lions in the Gir Forest?（分数：4.00）A.Their friendlinessB.Their siz

29、eC.Their intimacyD.Their vitality(3).What does the sentence “. meals in Gir are not necessarily frantic affair“ mean?（分数：4.00）A.The lions do not show intimacy among them any moreB.The lions may not need to fight for foodC.Food is not readily available in that regionD.Meals can be obtained only with

30、great effort(4).The lions in the Gir Forest are especially vulnerable to disease because _.（分数：4.00）A.they have descended from a dozen or so ancestorsB.they are smaller than the African lionsC.they do not have enough to eatD.they are physically weaker than the African lions(5).One of the reasons why

31、 India is creating a secondary sanctuary for the Asiatic lions is that _.（分数：4.00）A.the present sanctuary is not large enoughB.scientists want to do more research on themC.they have killed many peopleD.the forest is shrinking in size五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are over 6,000 different computer

32、and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era. But the

33、 dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,“ says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately. It“s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids

34、 aged from eight to fifteen.“ One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred. Contained violence. The investigators said “There are not just games anymore. These are leaning machines. “We“re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it“s like t

35、o pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.“ In the game Carmageddon, for example, the pl

36、ayer will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If yo

37、u like, you can also dismember them.“ Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players. Some specialists downplay the

38、 influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not in

39、fluenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（分数：5.00）A.Those that teach how to fly an airpla

40、neB.Those that teach the features of the earthC.Those that help people use computer languageD.Those that teach computer technology(2).According to the investigators, _.（分数：5.00）A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take parting real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated

41、games teach the players how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games male the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners(3).It can be inferred from the passage that _.（分数：5.00）A.more and mare young people enjoy cruel c

42、omputer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence(4).The author uses “television advertising“ as an example to show that _.

43、（分数：5.00）A.the commercial world dare contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC.there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible

44、 causes of violence in real life六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First, let“s talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and i

45、ts parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it. This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that

46、has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting“ influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting pla

47、ce. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8“, but “text me around 8 and we“ll see where we all are“. Texting changes people as well. In their paper, Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging two British researchers dist

48、inguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers“ and the “texters“those who prefer voice to text messages and those who prefer text to voice. They found that the mobile phone“s individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were l

49、ikely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well. Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy“: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker“: these people focus on themselves and keep