【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语真题2013年及答案解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Structure and(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Prince Charles, the longest-waiting _ to the throne in British history, has spoken of his “impatience“ to get things done.A. heir B. heirship C. heritage D. heiress（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.

2、Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their wives, promising _ and extra tight hugs.A. attitude B. multitude C. gratitude D. latitude（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new

3、figures show, as families saw a(n) _ in female breadwinners.A. raise B. rise C. arise D. increase（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The market for dust masks and air purifiers is _ in Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.A. booming B. looming C. dooming D. zooming（分数：

4、1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are too _ for their young children, a study found.A. scarce B. scary C. scared D. scarred（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been _ since the tripling of tuition fees to 9,0

5、00 a year.A. scratched B. scraped C. scrabbled D. scrapped（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Microsoft founder Bill Gates has _ about being a parent, stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a childs first cell phone.A. opened up B. taken up C. put up D. held up（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.Sales of mushrooms have hit an all

6、-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap and _ foodstuff for their cooking.A. versatile B. multiple C. manifold D. diverse（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.“Gangnam Style“, the _ popular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever.A. sanely B. insa

7、nely C. rationally D. insatiably（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The _ British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.A. imposing B. lofty C. prominent D. eminent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Some might consider it an ugly truth that attra

8、ctive people are often more successful than those _ blessed with looks.A. less B. more C. most D. least（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12._ they think it will come to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or a political event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the en

9、d of the world is coming, according to a new poll.A. Either B. Whether C. Neither D. If（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The European Parliament has banned the terms “Miss“ and “Mrs“ _ they offend female members.A. as long as B. the moment C. so that D. in case（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Packed like sardines into sweaty,

10、 claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barely breathe, _ move about freely.A. as well as B. disregard for C. let alone D. not mentioning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.Japan is one of only three countries that now hunt whales and _ the government says it is an important cultural tradition.A. that B. w

11、hich C. whose D. where（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.三、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities pr

12、ofessors (26) being deposed by science, which they regarded as right-leaning. Postmodernism (27) ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is (28) and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued,

13、 neither more nor less (29) than others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women. (30) , they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural (31) . This argument (32) with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leading t

14、o the “political correctness“ justifiably (33) by Rush Limbaugh and the “mental masturbation“ lampooned by Woody Allen.Acceptance of this relativistic worldview (34) democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jeffersons “trinity of three greatest men,“ showed (3

15、5) almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked. How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689 he (36) what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical worl

16、d in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faith, or opinion, but not knowledge. “ It was this ideathat the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most (37) basis for public policy that stood as Jeffersons foundational argument for

17、democracy.By falsely (38) knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and antiscience conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment era, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is (39) to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Policy is

18、 determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might (40) rightthe classic definition of authoritarianism.（分数：15.00）(1).A. satisfied with B. angry with C. displeased at D. proud of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. discounted B. doubted C. adopted D. shared（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. objective

19、B. subjective C. cultural D. relative（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. variable B. valid C. valuable D. various（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Furthermore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. assimilation B. inhibition C. representation D. oppression（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. resonated B. agreed C

20、. appealed D. responded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. liked B. approved C. verified D. hated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. offsets B. produces C. undermines D. strengthens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. when B. what C. why D. which（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. found B. defined C. dictated D. claimed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. p

21、ractical B. equal C. useful D. equitable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. identifying B. equipping C. equating D. confusing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. deduced B. introduced C. conduced D. reduced（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. decides B. causes C. makes D. creates（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、P

22、assage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A considerable part of Facebooks appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger

23、 with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independe

24、nt-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebooks isolation is a grind. Whats truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.Lately this side of science has t

25、aken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of sciencethat it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new

26、 puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipediathen we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would most scholars agree to about

27、 Newton and science?A. Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1600s.B. Newtons laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years.C. Since Newtons time, science has developed into a mountain of facts.D. A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did.（分数：

28、1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is best supported in this passage?A. A scientist is a master of knowledge.B. Knowledge generates better ignorance.C. Ignorance is a sign of lack of education.D. Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why is it a relief that science is abo

29、ut the questions more than the answers?A. Because people like solving puzzles.B. Because questions make science accessible.C. Because there are more questions than answers.D. Because questions point the way to deep answers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The expression “take a backseat“ (line 1, paragraph 5) p

30、robably meansA. take a back placeB. have a different roleC. be of greater priorityD. become less important（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the authors greatest concern in the passage?A. The involvement of the public in science.B. Scientists enjoyment of ignorance.C. The accumulation of scientific knowle

31、dge.D. Newtons standing in the history of science.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.七、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Information technology that helps doctors and patients make decisions has been around for a long time. Crude online tools like WebMD get millions of visitors a day. But Watson is a different beast. Accor

32、ding to IBM, it can digest information and make recommendations much more quickly, and more intelligently, than perhaps any machine before itprocessing up to 60 million pages of text per second, even when that text is in the form of plain old prose, or what scientists call “natural language. “Thats

33、no small thing, because something like 80 percent of all information is “unstructured. “ In medicine, it consists of physician notes dictated into medical records, longwinded sentences published in academic journals, and raw numbers stored online by public health departments. At least in theory, Wat

34、son can make sense of it all. It can sit in on patient examinations, silently listening. And over time, it can learn and get better at figuring out medical problems and ways of treating them the more it interacts with real cases. Watson even has the ability to convey doubt. When it makes diagnoses a

35、nd recommends treatments, it usually issues a series of possibilities, each with its own level of confidence attached.Medicine has never before bad a tool quite like this. And at an unofficial coming-out party in Las Vegas last year, during the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Manage

36、ment Systems Society, more than 1,000 professionals packed a large hotel conference hall, and an overflow room nearby, to hear a presentation by Marty Kohn, an emergency-room physician and a clinical leader of the IBM team training Watson for health care. Standing before a video screen that dwarfed

37、his large frame, Kohn described in his husky voice how Watson could be a game changernot just in highly specialized fields like oncology but also in primary care, given that all doctors can make mistakes that lead to costly, sometimes dangerous, treatment errors.Drawing on his own clinical experienc

38、e and on academic studies, Kohn explained that about one-third of these errors appear to be products of misdiagnosis, one cause of which is “anchoring bias“: human beings tendency to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. This happens all the time in doctors offices, clinics, and emergen

39、cy rooms. A physician hears about two or three symptoms, seizes on a diagnosis consistent with those, and subconsciously discounts evidence that points to something else. Or a physician hits upon the right diagnosis, but fails to realize that its incomplete, and ends up treating just one condition w

40、hen the patient is, in fact, suffering from several. Tools like Watson are less prone to those failings. As such, Kohn believes, they may eventually become as ubiquitous in doctors offices as the stethoscope.“Watson fills in for some human limitations,“ Kohn told me in an interview. “Studies show th

41、at humans are good at taking a relatively limited list of possibilities and using that list, but are far less adept at using huge volumes of information. Thats where Watson shines; taking a huge list of information and winnowing it down. /（分数：5.00）(1).What is Watson?A. It is a person who aids doctor

42、s in processing medical records.B. It is an online tool that connects doctors over different places.C. It is an intelligent computer that helps doctors make decisions.D. It is a beast that greets millions of visitors to a medical institution.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is beyond Wats

43、ons ability?A. Talk with the patient.B. Calculate probability.C. Recommend treatment.D. Process sophisticated data.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Marty Kohn _A. gave a presentation at an academic conferenceB. works for the IBM Training DivisionC. is a short person with a husky voiceD. expressed optimism for W

44、atson（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Anchoring bias“ _A. is a device ubiquitous in doctors officesB. is less likely to be committed by WatsonC. happens in one third of medical treatmentsD. is a wrong diagnosis with incomplete information（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following may be the best title of the

45、passage?A. Watson as a Shining StarB. The Risks of MisdiagnosisC. The Robot Will See You NowD. IBMs IT Solution to Medicine（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The contribution of genes make intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the notion that most people hold tha

46、t as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,“ says Robert Plomin. “What we found was

47、 quite amazing, and goes in the other direction. “Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and

48、 the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “G“ . Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and fraternal twins, s

49、haring about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at exploiting and manip