【考研类试卷】北京大学考博英语-1及答案解析.doc

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1、北京大学考博英语-1 及答案解析(总分：85.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart One Listen(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.He promised me a letter; he ought to _ it days ago.（分数：0.50）A.have writtenB.writeC.had writtenD.be writing2.The negotiations which _ the signing of the treaty took place over a number of years.（分数：0.50）A.precededB.prescribedC.

2、proceededD.processed3.The Untied States and Canada are lands of _ except for the Indians, who are the only true natives.（分数：0.50）A.emigrantsB.immigrantsC.dwellersD.inhabitants4.Cooked vegetables are also valuable sources of certain vitamins and minerals, if the juice is eaten and if not cooked _ .（分

3、数：0.50）A.too long a timeB.a long time tooC.much time longD.long much time5.It is _ who decides whether the accused is innocent or guilty.（分数：0.50）A.the jury and only juryB.the jury and only the juryC.only the jury and juryD.the jury and the only jury6.Please excuse me if I have left any of my questi

4、ons _（分数：0.50）A.to be unansweredB.not to answerC.unansweredD.being unanswered7.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our _ almost two hours later.（分数：0.50）A.designationB.destinyC.destinationD.dignity8.Violence is just one of the many problems _ in city life.（分数：0.50）A.abundantB.inhere

5、ntC.substantialD.coherent9.Complicated _ it is, the problem can be solved in only 2 hours with an electronic computer.（分数：0.50）A.likeB.asC.howeverD.even if10.He gave his work to his friend to _ , because he found it hard to see his own mistakes.（分数：0.50）A.adjustB.compileC.reviseD.verify11.There was

6、a noisy _ at the back of the hall when the speaker began his address.（分数：0.50）A.interactionB.irritationC.disturbanceD.interruption12.“Is George really leaving the university? Yes, but would you mind _ to anyone:“（分数：0.50）A.not to mention itB.not mention itC.not mentioning itD.not to mentioning it13.

7、The patient is not in good condition, so do not _ your visit.（分数：0.50）A.lengthenB.delayC.extendD.prolong14.Americans are highly _ , and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.（分数：0.50）A.movingB.mobileC.movableD.motional15.Trees that _ the view of the oncoming traffic s

8、hould be cut down.（分数：0.50）A.blockB.inhibitC.spoilD.alter16.Mary has brown hair. In fact, its quite similar in shape _ yours.（分数：0.50）A.withB.toC.likeD.as17.Mountain biking demands hill-walking strength as well as track-riding skills. Initially, choose gentle routes among familiar terrain or risk _

9、shoulder-carriers!（分数：0.50）A.long-termB.elongatedC.prolongedD.lengthened18.The Japanese take pride in doing a job and getting it done _ much time is required.（分数：0.50）A.no matter howB.the matter soC.in a matter ofD.for the matter of19.A considerable amount of time and money has been invested in _ th

10、is system.（分数：0.50）A.definingB.implyingC.reducingD.perfecting20.“What do they eat in Hawaii?“ _ eat rice rather than potatoes.“（分数：0.50）A.Most of peopleB.Most of the peopleC.The most of peopleD.The most people二、BPart Three Read(总题数：4，分数：15.00)B/BEach of the passages is followed by some questions. Fo

11、r each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question.The history of responds to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari

12、expressed an unease with Botticellis work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of his fellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians o

13、f the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticellis work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and priv

14、ate homes.)The primary reason for Botticellis unpopularity is not difficult to understand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fi

15、fteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro.Another reason for Botticellis unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of h

16、is contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art.In any case, whe

17、n viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticellis work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer P

18、ater (although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticellis personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticellis work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was final

19、ly subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908. Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines-features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion.

20、However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves-rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Homes emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentie

21、th century has come to appreciate Botticellis achievements.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The views of Vasari and Home on Botticellis products are _ A. ide

22、ntical.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The word “connoisseurs“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_In the next century well be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms. When Dr. Frankenstein made his monster, he wrestled with the moral iss

23、ue of whether he should allow it to reproduce, “Had I the right, for my oval benefit, to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?“ Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?Probably not. Instead, well reach again for a time-tested moral concept, one sometimes called the

24、 Golden Rule and which Kant, the millenniums most prudent moralist, conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end.Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning, because

25、it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts, not as individuals in their own right. We should also draw a line, however fuzzy, that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilit

26、ies but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ, physical appearance, gender and sexuality).The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy. Aldous Huxley in Brave New World, got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of th

27、e state, DNA technology has empowered individuals and families. But the state will have an important role, making sure that no one, including insurance companies, can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us.Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that

28、 could come at the end of the next century and the tech nology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain. With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistin

29、guishable from a human brain. Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dry-ware“ machine, so that we could live on without the “wet-ware“ of a biological brain and body. The 20th centurys revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st centurys revolution in biotech

30、nology. But this is science fiction. Lets turn the page now and get back to real science.（分数：3.00）(1).Dr. Frankensteins remarks are mentioned in the text _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed _ A. excessively and extravagantly.

31、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).From the text, we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Before a big exam, a sound nights sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom

32、. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good for the memory. one says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited“ at night, to flush away what is superfluous.To tell

33、 the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested in is rapid

34、eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the eyes move back and forth behind the eyelids as if watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of deep that people are most likely to relive events

35、of the previous day in dreams.Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of people as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of

36、six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern-what is referred to as “artificial grammar“. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern wa

37、s present than when there was not.What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. , the “grammar“, as well as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing“ theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to e

38、liminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their response times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep.The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM

39、 sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now, on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio

40、 next door.（分数：3.00）(1).Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show _ A. its significance i

41、n the study.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_B./B Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Medical consumerism-like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly-is designed to be satisfying. (51)U The prolongation of life and t

42、he search for perfect health(beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating./U The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and nineties. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring

43、 mobility, awareness and autonomy. (52)UExtending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean./UWhat an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bes

44、towing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources not least medical ones, like illegal steroids-are now invested to shave records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying; the logical extension of longevism-the “ab

45、olition“ of death-would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. (53)UTo air these predicaments is not antimedical spleen/U-a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories-but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals.(

46、54) UHence medicines finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas./U For centuries, medicine as impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed the

47、se uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicines triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. (55) UMedicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed./U Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become un

48、fulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.（分数：5.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、BPart Four Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage.For most kinds of activities, a large group of people can accomplish mo