【考研类试卷】MBA联考-英语(二)-23及答案解析.doc

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1、MBA 联考-英语(二)-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We often tend to associate smiling as the result of a positive event or mood. But research demonstrates that the act of smiling, in and 1 itself, can be the catalyst for joy. Wonderful things, ranging from an 2 mood to a

2、better relationship, can be the result of the 3 act of smiling. Even better, it is a tool that is free, easy and always available. Even when you aren“t feeling happy, smile can help 4 your mood. Darwin hypothesized, back in 1872, that making changes in our 5 expressions can influence our 6 experienc

3、e, some- thing he called facial feedback response theory. Psychological research has 7 Darwin“s assertion that expressions do not just result from moods, but actually influence them. Smiling more may actually 8 your lifespan. Research indicates that smiling may improve heart health by 9 heart rate a

4、fter stressful events. So, 10 smiling to your health regime of eating well, getting enough sleep and exercising may just add 11 years to your life. People who smile more tend to be more 12 , joyful and emotionally stable which lends itself to healthier relationships, and thus have longer and more su

5、ccessful 13 . An interesting study published in 2009 found a correlation between smiles in photographs and divorce rates. The larger the smile, the 14 likely divorce was later in life. 15 , those with the smallest smiles or no smiles, were five times more likely to be divorced. When Mother Teresa sa

6、id “Every time you smile at someone, it is. a 16 to that person, a beautiful thing“, she was right. One study 17 by Hewlett Packard found that seeing another“s smile stimulated the heart and 18 more so than eating chocolate or receiving money. This was particularly true 19 viewing the smile of a chi

7、ld. Additionally, research has demonstrated smiling may actually be easily diffused. Research published in the Scandinavian Journal of Psychology examined mimicry, the tendency to mimic the emotional expressions of those around us, and found that it is actually hard to 20 when someone else is smilin

8、g.（分数：10.00）A.onB.withC.byD.ofA.impressedB.improvedC.importantD.imposedA.pureB.easyC.simpleD.briefA.sackB.shiftC.slipD.switchA.facialB.superficialC.externalD.innerA.inwardB.outwardC.emotionalD.explicitA.formalizedB.declaredC.implementedD.validatedA.executeB.expandC.examineD.expectA.acceleratingB.dec

9、reasingC.facilitatingD.increasingA.leadingB.addingC.contributingD.resortingA.a littleB.littleC.fewD.a fewA.optimisticB.dispassionateC.severeD.cautiousA.careerB.lifespanC.marriageD.friendshipA.moreB.worseC.lessD.betterA.ConsequentlyB.MoreoverC.ConverselyD.OtherwiseA.giftB.regardC.wishD.graceA.discove

10、redB.convertedC.preparedD.conductedA.stomachB.brainC.mindsetD.desireA.yetB.whenC.thoughD.unlessA.sneerB.blinkC.frownD.breathe二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Robots have been the stuff of science fiction for so long that it is surprisingly hard to see

11、 them as the stuff of management fact. It is time for management thinkers to catch up with science-fiction writers. Robots have been doing menial jobs on production lines since the 1960s. The world already has more than 1 million industrial robots. There is now an acceleration in the rates at which

12、they are becoming both cleverer and cheaper: an explosive combination. Robots are learning to interact with the world around them. Their ability to see things is getting ever closer to that of humans, as is their capacity to ingest information and act on it. Tomorrow“s robots will increasingly take

13、on delicate, complex tasks. And instead of being imprisoned in cages to stop them colliding with people and machines, they will be free to wander. Until now executives have largely ignored robots, regarding them as an engineering rather than a management problem. This cannot go on: robots are becomi

14、ng too powerful and ubiquitous . Companies certainly need to rethink their human-resources policiesstarting by questioning whether they should have departments devoted to purely human resources. The first issue is how to manage the robots themselves. An American writer, Isaac Asimov laid down the ba

15、sic rule in 1942: no robot should harm a human. This rule has been reinforced by recent technological improvements: robots are now much more sensitive to their surroundings and can be instructed to avoid hitting people. A second question is how to manage the homo side of homo-robo relations. Workers

16、 have always worried that new technologies will take away their livelihoods, ever since the original Luddites“ fears about mechanised looms. Now, the arrival of increasingly humanoid automatons in workplaces, in an era of high unemployment, is bound to provoke a reaction. Two principlesdon“t let rob

17、ots hurt or frighten peopleare relatively simple. Robot scientists are tackling more complicated problems as robots become more sophisticated. They are keen to avoid hierarchies among rescue-robots (because the loss of the leader would render the rest redundant). They are keen to avoid duplication b

18、etween robots and their human handlers. This suggests that the world could be on the verge of a great management revolution: making robots behave like humans rather than the 20th century“s preferred option, making humans behave like robots.（分数：10.00）(1).The second sentence implies that management th

19、inkers should _.（分数：2.00）A.turn robots into superheroes and supervillainsB.give robots names such as the TerminatorC.ponder more about homo-robo relationsD.create more robots with super power(2).Which of the following statements is true about robots?（分数：2.00）A.They will be free and colliding with pe

20、ople and machinesB.They deliver information by acting like a human beingC.Their eyesight is becoming closer to men“sD.They will do sophisticated jobs(3).The word “ubiquitous“ (Para. 3) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.numerousB.pervasiveC.intelligentD.complicated(4).To deal with the second problem, compa

21、nies may not _.（分数：2.00）A.show employees that the robot sitting alongside them is a complete helpmateB.explain that robots can help preserve manufacturing jobs in the rich worldC.persuade workers that robots are productivity-enhancersD.tell workers that robots are not just job-eating aliens(5).From

22、the passage we can see that the author thinks homo-robo relations _.（分数：2.00）A.are intrusiveB.render worriesC.become sentientD.require specifications五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that America

23、“s Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity. Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of Am

24、erican adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously

25、thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit of vapour infused with n

26、icotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion in 2013. At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies

27、 have bigger war chests , more knowledge of smokers“ habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of America“s cigarette market.

28、In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1% kept them up. And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators

29、to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure. Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model we“ve seen in the past. If that p

30、ersists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General“s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States _.（分数：2.00）A.was of sufficient im

31、portanceB.was put forward by America“s Surgeon GeneralC.began to go downhillD.used to be an honorable activity(2).According to the passage, e-cigarettes _.（分数：2.00）A.supply smokers with nicotine more safelyB.help the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion timesC.are mastered by all tobacc

32、o firms as a new technologyD.have lured smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups(3).The phases “war chests“ (Para. 5) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.spaceB.fundsC.networksD.competitors(4).The smokers“ attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is _.（分数：2.00）A.pessimisticB.uncertainC.op

33、timisticD.doubtful(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The potency of tobacco“s advertising bansB.The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the UC.The current situation and challenge of big tobacco firmsD.The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Killing a sold

34、ier removes one enemy from the battle. Wounding him removes three: the victim and the two who have to carry him from the battlefield. That cynical calculation lies behind the design of many weapons that are intended to incapacitate rather than eliminate. But robotics may change the equation. The Bat

35、tlefield Extraction-Assist Robot, or BEAR for short, is a highly agile and powerful mobile robot capable of lifting and carrying a combat casualty from a hazardous area across uneven terrain. When it is not saving lives, it can perform difficult and repetitive tasks, such as loading and unloading bu

36、llets. The current prototype BEAR is a small, tracked vehicle with two hydraulic arms and a set of video cameras that provide a view of its surroundings to its operator via a wireless link. It has been developed by TATRC (a research center) in collaboration with Vecna Technologies. Daniel Theobald,

37、BEAR“s inventor and Vecna“s boss, says versatility is at the heart of the robot“s design and “the whole idea from the start was to design a general-purpose robot.“ The BEAR“s operator can control the robot in two ways. One, a joystick, can be embedded into the grip of a rifle and manoeuvred by the s

38、oldier“s fingertip when he is holding his weapon to his shoulder. The advantage of this is that he does not need to put his gun down to rescue his comrades. The other means of control, a special glove designed by AnthroTronix, can sense the wearer“s hand movements and direct the BEAR accordingly. Fo

39、r example, if the gloved hand moves to the left, the robot will follow. If the hand moves backwards, the robot will slow down or stop. Over the past year BEAR has been tested at the army“s battle laboratory. It has shown that it can travel at around 12 mph across a fiat surface. It can also move ove

40、r soil, sand and gravel, through trees and inside buildings, albeit at lower speeds. Several more years of tests are planned, but Dr. Gilbert is optimistic that BEAR will come through them. If it does, soldiers will be able to get on with their primary job of killing the enemy, without having to wor

41、ry so much about what the enemy has done to their friends.（分数：10.00）(1).The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.the design purpose of weapons will be changedB.robotics can reduce the number of victimsC.the cynical calculation will be abandonedD.robotics can a

42、lter the situations of battlefield(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.BEAR is able to lift and carry a combat casualtyB.BEAR can undertake hard and boring workC.BEAR interacts with its operator by wireD.BEAR is invented for versatility from the start(3).Accordin

43、g to Paragraph 4, what“s the advantage of the joystick?（分数：2.00）A.It can be embedded into a gunB.It can be operated by the soldier“s fingertipC.It can make the solder rescue his comrades with the gunD.It can sense the solder“s movements(4).Judging from the context, the word “albeit“ (Para. 5) probab

44、ly means _.（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.evenC.whenD.unless(5).What is the author“s attitude towards the function of BEAR in the future?（分数：2.00）A.AmbiguousB.OptimisticC.SuspiciousD.Pessimistic七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old

45、days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn“t any crime to worry about. Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world“s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, sho

46、ws that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors. SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A pe

47、rson with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle. But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder. So is the Net becoming

48、more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the Web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds o

49、f nasty things to your computer. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage. But let“s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world“s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn“t mu