【考研类试卷】2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】2015年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc（23页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、2015 年湖北省考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：92.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)I am standing on the seventh-floor balcony of an apartment building overlooking the heart of Moscow. It is a dark city, some might say grim. It looks and feels as if it has been worn down to its bare bones: broken sidew

2、alks, cracked facades, weeds rooted in the very mortar. This city is not easy to look at. So I avert my eyes, and they settle on a little boy sleeping inside the apartment. His name is Alexei. He is 7. With every rise and fall of his chest, Moscow, the used, broken city, is renewed for me a thousand

3、 times. A dark place has given me light in the form of my adoptive son. Alexei has been my son for only two days, but I have been waiting three years for him. Thats when I began the adoption process, three years ago, before I even knew of Alexeis existence. Never in my imaginings did I think that I

4、would one day be so far from home, counting my sons breaths, counting the hours until we would board a plane for America, a place that he had no conception of “Alexei, “ I had said through a translator as I knelt before him at the orphanage and helped him with his socks. “ What do you know about Ame

5、rica?“ His reply was immediate: “I will have all the gum I want. “ Most people adopt infants or very little children so that as much of their history as possible will be given to them by their parents. But Alexei carries a radiance of native culture: his memories of orphanage life in the once-closed

6、 city of Tula; the large, gracious, doting Russian women who have cared for him all his life; the aromatic Russian food he loves, and the language, that impossible, expressive, explosive Russian language that sometimes separates me from him like a wall, but also summons us to heroic legends as we at

7、tempt to communicate. I have been in Russia for two weeks. But it wasnt until the fourth day that I was brought to see Alexei. My Russian contact drove me through 100 miles of a country struggling to get back on its feet after years of internal neglect; pitted roadways, crumbling bridges, warped roo

8、fs. It made me recall what someone had once said about Russia, that she is a third-world country with a first-world army. We finally came to an orphanage. Once inside, I stood in a near-empty room, reminding myself that this was the culmination of three years of scrutiny, disappointment, and dead-en

9、ds. There were moments when I had told myself, “Its so much easier to have a kid the natural way. Nobody asks any questions. “ But as a single man, a biological child was not a ready option. I now recognized these as idle thoughts, for I realized that Alexei, even sight unseen, would be as much mine

10、 as if he were my natural son. The door opened. A woman came out, her hand on the shoulder of a little boy just awakened from sound sleep. I gave Alexei a Pez candy dispenser, something as alien to him as life in America. After a few moments of scrutiny, he filled with candy, a sure sign of intellig

11、ence, for Pez, dispensers are notoriously difficult to load. At the end of our first meeting I knelt before Alexei and told him I would be back to get him in a week.（分数：8.00）(1).The author watched every rise and fall of Alexeis chest（分数：2.00）A.counting his sons breaths and biding his time to board t

12、he planeB.turning his eyes away from the gloomy and dilapidated cityC.feeling a nameless pang of regret about the adoption processD.visualizing the potential of the city to regain its vigor and power(2).The author apparently appreciates and respects（分数：2.00）A.the rich and brilliant culture of the co

13、untryB.the orphans history given by their parentsC.the great country for nurturing his lovely sonD.the gracious woman for bringing up his lovely son(3).When the author was travelling 100 miles of a country, which of the following is NOT a sign showing it was pretty worn-out?（分数：2.00）A.Roads scarred

14、with holes.B.Walls overgrown with weeds.C.Streets leading to dead-ends.D.Bridges falling into decay.(4).The author dismissed the idea of having a kid the natural way because（分数：2.00）A.it was an idle thought to have moments of scrutinyB.it was not easy to do so for an unmarried manC.he was looking fo

15、rward to adopting a Russian boyD.he preferred to adopt a Russian boy sight unseenMost people seek some degree of inner peace at work, and it can be difficult to obtain. Work is stressful, and most of us tend to either overwork ourselves or we are, for other reasons, negatively affected by things hap

16、pening at work. The struggle to maintain ones inner peace and avoid burnout(职业倦怠症)has become a standard ingredient, of modern working life. Many of us attend seminars on work life-balance, we see therapists, we meditate, or we seek advice on how to handle stressful careers. The balancing of ones per

17、sonal life and work life is a challenge to all of us who aspire to be successfulby whatever relevant metric. It is not surprising that so much is being said and written on the topic. Unfortunately, I have noticed a tendency to talk about the dangers of burnout at work in terms that provoke fear and

18、panic in the stressed individual rather than lead him or her to slow down. Our methods of discussing the dangers of stress and burnout are too defensive and too reactive. We tend to think that the busyness of work is somehow dangerous, and that we need to balance out the busyness with the emptiness

19、of non-work. Our emphasis on practices such as meditation, yoga, mindfulnessor simply just periods of nothingnessas means of balancing out the stress of work illustrates this point. All of these things can be good and helpful in their own right, but they all stand for a “letting go“ of things. They

20、are defined by inactivity. This logic leads to a kind of life where the “active“ is considered to be dangerous and something that should always be balanced out by the “inactive“. We oscillate between the two extremesfearful of staying too long in any of the camps. This oscillation is stressful in it

21、self. It would be much better if we had a way of living that could embrace, enjoy, and handle the tough, everyday work life rather than constantly looking for ways to escape it.（分数：8.00）(1).The author of the passage seems to reject the statement that（分数：2.00）A.we are negatively affected by things ha

22、ppening at workB.balancing ones personal life and work life is a challenge to all of usC.burnout provokes fear and panic in the stressed individualD.the emptiness of non-work is the best way to balance out the busyness(2).According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.In modern lif

23、e some degree of inner peace at work can be difficult to obtain.B.Meditation is the best way to achieve inner peace in individuals.C.Practices such as meditation, yoga, mindfulness are defined as inactivity.D.Those who aspire to be successful have to balance between work and life.(3).The underlined

24、word “oscillate“ in paragraph 6 means（分数：2.00）A.move or swing from side to side regularlyB.search here and thereC.vary between opinions or courses of actionD.jump up and down(4).What will the author continue to discuss in the part that follows the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Suggestions for how to achieve th

25、e perfect work-life-balance.B.Problems people are to encounter at work every day.C.Dangers of escaping the tough daily work life.D.Illustrations of active and inactive life.Lorries are responsible for over half of all cyclist deaths in London, a third across the UK as a whole, 43% of cycling fatalit

26、ies in Belgium and 38% in the Netherlands. In all, about 1, 000 people die annually in Europes road traffic accidents, but a “direct vision“ design concept could slash those figures by increasing the field of vision for drivers in front and to the sidesof their lorries, according to a new report by

27、Loughborough University. “Blind spots can be a significant factor in fatal accidents with lorries, “ said Dr. Steve Sununerskill, one of the reports co-authors. “The study shows that the size of these blind spots can be minimized through improved cab(驾驶室)design, the reduction of cab height and the a

28、ddition of extra windows. “ The proposed new lorry model would have an 80cm longer cab with a rounded nose, smaller dashboard, expanded glassed areas and a slightly lower driver position, panoramically expanding the range of sight from behind a lorry cabs wheel. By contrast, truck drivers today sit

29、in a position high above their engines in brick-shaped lorry cabs that leave them unable to see much of the movement around their vehicles. The paper analyzed 704 accidents involving heavy goods vehicles and found that 31% of road fatalities were caused by drivers pulling away, 19% were caused by le

30、ft turns, 7% by right turns, and 25% from drivers reversing. Surprisingly, vehicles changing lanes were responsible for half of all accidents but no fatalities. The analysis indicates that “ critical blind spots“ in current models cannot be compensated for by the use of lorry drivers mirrors, becaus

31、e of the time lapse between checking them, making observations through the window, and then pulling away from a junction. “If this tune period is four seconds, this is enough time for a cyclist to undertake the heavy goods vehicle, with the driver being unaware of his or her presence, “ the paper sa

32、ys. Such weaknesses have been highlighted in other research but European rules have still tended to prioritize drivers “indirect vision“or the line of sight they get from mirrors over their blind spots. The EUs existing law on lorry weights and dimensions makes this worse by forcing a design with pa

33、rticularly large blind spots, according to Transport and Environment(T for nearness does not consist in shortness of distance. What is least remote from us in point of distance, by virtue of its picture on film or its sound on the radio, can remain far from us. What is incalculably far from us in po

34、int of distance can be near to us. “ Western technology and the market economy are shrinking the world, bringing the West closer to other peoples, and other previously accessible regions of the earth. Yet this dramatic global change has not opened the West to difference, either the nonhuman differen

35、ces of the earth or the cultural differences of nonwestern peoples. On the contrary, the expansion of the West and the resultant “small world“ is still, as in colonial days, primarily a movement of domination. It depends on the exploitation of the land and organic life, and the exploitation of the l

36、abor and lives of the majority of the earths peoples. Because the oppressions of the earth, of women, and of those who do not belong to “the abstract dominant non- group“ called whites are intimately related and reinforce one another, caring for women and for the earth cannot be separated from carin

37、g for diverse human communities. Western economic development, Vandana Shiva explains, is supposed to be a model of progress for the so-called Third World that would improve productivity and growth. However, western development, as capital accumulation and commercialization of the economy for the ge

38、neration of surplus and various and as natural resource utilization, emerged in the context of colonization, industrialization, and capitalist growth. This notion of economic development has been falsely universalized and applied, with disastrous results, to the entirely different context to attempt

39、ing to satisfy basic needs of newly independent world peoples. Western so-called development in Third World countries has generated profit of various multinational corporations, created internal colonialism, undermined sustainable lifestyles, destroyed local ecologies and has, as a result, created t

40、rue material property. From a western perspective, if a people do not anticipate in the market economy and do not consume western-style commodities produced for and distributed through the market, they are regarded as living in poverty. Because, moreover, from a western perspective, production and d

41、evelopment take place only when mediated by technologies for commodity production and profit, such peoples are considered underdeveloped and unproductive. However, for most indigenous peoples, for example, maintaining an ecologically balanced connection to their land is much more essential to their

42、being and culture than the lands monetary value and its so called natural resources.（分数：8.00）(1).Whats Heideggers comment on “nearness“ in passage 1?（分数：2.00）A.It is distance-oriented.B.It is visual or at least auditory.C.It is a phenomenon of globalization.D.It is not a geographical concept.(2).The

43、 attitude of westerners to cultural or uncultured difference in other peoples is that of_.（分数：2.00）A.rejectionB.open-mindednessC.detestD.appreciation(3).What is Vandana Shivas view about western economic development?（分数：2.00）A.It should be a model of progress for all the developed countries.B.It wou

44、ld be balancing profit and production in an ecological way.C.It may not be adaptable to the Third World countries.D.It could be a disaster for people in the market economy.(4).The underlined word “indigenous“ in the last paragraph means_.（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.localC.diligentD.bewildered二、Cloze(总题数

45、：1，分数：40.00)Just four bits of information collected from a shoppers credit card can be used to identify almost anyone, researchers have found. The study in the journal Science【C1】_ three months of credit card records for 1. 1 million people in an【C2】_ industrialized country. Ninety percent of indivi

46、duals could be【C3】_ identified using just four pieces of【C4】_ , such as where they bought coffee one day or where they a【C5】_ new jumper or pair of shoes. 【C6】_ , credit cards use was just as【C7】_ at identifying someone as mobile phone records, the study found. Knowing the price of a【C8】_ could boos

47、t the risk of re-identification by 22 percent. “Even data sets that【C9】_ coarse information at any or all of the dimensions provide little anonymity(匿名)，“ the study, led by Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues at Aarhus University in Demark, revealed

48、.【C10】_ some of the specifics were stripped from credit card data, such as【C11】_ the general area where a purchase was made instead of the【C12】_ shop, or expanding the time range to 15 days【C13】_ one, a person who would have believed themselves believed themselves【C14】_ could be re-identified with “

49、just a few more【C15】_ data points“, said the study. “Women are more than【C16】_ men in credit card metadata, “ it added. People with higher【C17】_ were also easier to identify, perhaps because they “have【C18】_ patterns in how they divide their time between the【C19】_ they visit“, added the study. The researchers【C20】_ more advanced technologies to protect data that is simply made anonymous.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.analyzedB.cherishedC.divertedD.revived(2