【考研类试卷】2014年中国矿业大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2014 年中国矿业大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.EVP（分数：2.00）_3.ISBN（分数：2.00）_4.CTO（分数：2.00）_5.CBD（分数：2.00）_6.ISO（分数：2.00）_7.Black economy（分数：2.00）_8.white-collar crime（分数：2.00）_9.job hop（分数：2.00）_10.Ceefax BBC（分数：2.00）_11.Good lenses, bad frames（分数：2.00）_12.nearsighted

2、 date（分数：2.00）_13.postsantum depression（分数：2.00）_14.cash cow（分数：2.00）_15.the claimant for compensation（分数：2.00）_16.International Herald Tribune（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.投资热点（分数：2.00）_19.市政工程（分数：2.00）_刷卡_21.植入广告（分数：2.00）_22.烂尾楼（分数：2.00）_23.萝卜招聘（分数：2.00）_吐槽_25.月光族（分数：2.00）_26.应对外部经济风险冲击（分数：2.00）_27.发展基层民主（分

3、数：2.00）_28.世情、国情、党情（分数：2.00）_29.凝聚力量，攻坚克难（分数：2.00）_30.前所未有的机遇和挑战（分数：2.00）_31.资源环境约束（分数：2.00）_32.实施科技兴国、人才强国战略（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.He is almost totally paralyzed, speechless and wheelchair-bound, able to move only his facial muscles and two fingers on his left hand. He cannot dres

4、s or feed himself, and he needs round-the-clock nursing care. He can communicate only through a voice synthesizer, which he operates by laboriously tapping out words on the computer attached to his motorized chair. Yet at age 50, despite these crushing adversities, Stephen Hawking has become, in the

5、 words of science writers Michael White and John Gribbin, “perhaps the greatest physicist of our time. “ His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, has sold 1. 7 million copies around the world.Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose instead to concentrate on math

6、and theoretical physics, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge, But at age 21 he developed the first symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), a disorder that would inevitably render him paralyzed and incapable of performing most kinds of work. As the authors note, theoretical physics was “one

7、 of the very few jobs for which his mind was the only real tool he needed. “While still a graduate student, Hawking became fascinated by black holes, the bizarre objects created during the death throes of large stars. Working with mathematician Roger Penrose and using Einstein“s relativity equations

8、, he developed new techniques to prove mathematically that at the heart of black holes were singularitiesinfinitely dense, dimensionless points with irresistible gravity. He went on to demonstrate that the entire universe could have sprung from a singularity.Gathering momentum as a fellow at Cambrid

9、ge, Hawking calculated that the Big Bang, which gave birth to the universe, must have created tiny black holes, each about the size of a proton but with the mass of a mountain. Then, upsetting the universal belief that nothing, not even light, can escape from a black hole, he used the quantum theory

10、 to demonstrate that these mini-holes(and larger ones too)emit radiation. Other scientists eventually conceded that he was correct, and the black-hole emissions are now known as Hawking radiation.His succinct, synthesized voice comments are often laced with humor, he enjoys socializing with his stud

11、ents and colleagues, attends rock concerts and sometimes takes to the dance floor at discos, wheeling his chair in circles. But he can be stubborn, abrasive and quick to anger, terminating a conversation by spinning around and rolling off, sometimes running one of his wheels over the toes of an offe

12、nder.（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.中国与联合国、世界银行等多边机构发挥各自优势，在农业、环保、培训等方面开展对非合作。中国是第一个与联合国粮农组织建立南南合作战略联盟的国家。2008 年，中国宣布向联合国粮农组织捐赠 3 000 万美元设立信托基金，重点用于支持中国参与“粮食安全特别计划”框架下的南南合作，基金使用将适度向非洲地区倾斜。截至 2012 年底，中国已在该框架下，向非洲派遣农业专家和技术人员，在农田水利、农作物生产、畜牧水产养殖和农产品加工等多个领域提供农业技术援助，为提高其农业生产能力和粮食安全水平发挥了积极作用。 2012 年，中国承诺向国际货币基金组织非洲技术

13、援助活动捐资 1 000 万美元，推动非洲国家宏观管理能力建设。自 2007 年 5 月中国金融机构与世界银行建立全面合作框架机制以来，目前双方就非洲国家一些基础设施建设项目正进行可行性研究和探讨。中国金融机构与世界银行集团旗下的国际金融公司等机构长期保持良好合作关系，在西非地区电信项目上提供联合融资，共同推动了区域通信行业发展。（分数：2.00）_2014 年中国矿业大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.EVP（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：超自然电子异象)解析：3.ISBN（分

14、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际标准图书编号)解析：4.CTO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：首席技术官)解析：5.CBD（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：交货前付现)解析：6.ISO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际标准化组织)解析：7.Black economy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：非法经济)解析：8.white-collar crime（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：利用职务便利的犯罪)解析：9.job hop（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：跳槽)解析：10.Ceefax BBC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：

15、(正确答案：电视图文传送)解析：11.Good lenses, bad frames（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：人不可貌相)解析：12.nearsighted date（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：近视相亲)解析：13.postsantum depression（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：节后抑郁症)解析：14.cash cow（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：摇钱树)解析：15.the claimant for compensation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：赔偿请求人)解析：16.International Herald T

16、ribune（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际先驱论坛报)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.投资热点（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：investment hot spot)解析：19.市政工程（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：municipal engineering)解析：刷卡_正确答案：(正确答案：swiping card)解析：21.植入广告（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：product placement)解析：22.烂尾楼（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：unfinished building)解析：23.萝卜招聘（分数：2.00）_正确

17、答案：(正确答案：tailormade recruitment)解析：吐槽_正确答案：(正确答案：disclose ones secret)解析：25.月光族（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：live from paycheck to paycheck)解析：26.应对外部经济风险冲击（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：defuse external economic risks)解析：27.发展基层民主（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：develop communitylevel democracy)解析：28.世情、国情、党情（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：

18、global，national and Party conditions)解析：29.凝聚力量，攻坚克难（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：pool our strength to overcome all difficulties)解析：30.前所未有的机遇和挑战（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：unprecedented opportunities and challenges)解析：31.资源环境约束（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：resource and environment constrains)解析：32.实施科技兴国、人才强国战略（分数：2.00）_正确

19、答案：(正确答案：implement the strategies for making China strong by developing science and education and training competent personnel)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.He is almost totally paralyzed, speechless and wheelchair-bound, able to move only his facial muscles and two fingers on his left hand.

20、He cannot dress or feed himself, and he needs round-the-clock nursing care. He can communicate only through a voice synthesizer, which he operates by laboriously tapping out words on the computer attached to his motorized chair. Yet at age 50, despite these crushing adversities, Stephen Hawking has

21、become, in the words of science writers Michael White and John Gribbin, “perhaps the greatest physicist of our time. “ His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, has sold 1. 7 million copies around the world.Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose instead to concen

22、trate on math and theoretical physics, first at Oxford and then at Cambridge, But at age 21 he developed the first symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS), a disorder that would inevitably render him paralyzed and incapable of performing most kinds of work. As the authors note, theoretical ph

23、ysics was “one of the very few jobs for which his mind was the only real tool he needed. “While still a graduate student, Hawking became fascinated by black holes, the bizarre objects created during the death throes of large stars. Working with mathematician Roger Penrose and using Einstein“s relati

24、vity equations, he developed new techniques to prove mathematically that at the heart of black holes were singularitiesinfinitely dense, dimensionless points with irresistible gravity. He went on to demonstrate that the entire universe could have sprung from a singularity.Gathering momentum as a fel

25、low at Cambridge, Hawking calculated that the Big Bang, which gave birth to the universe, must have created tiny black holes, each about the size of a proton but with the mass of a mountain. Then, upsetting the universal belief that nothing, not even light, can escape from a black hole, he used the

26、quantum theory to demonstrate that these mini-holes(and larger ones too)emit radiation. Other scientists eventually conceded that he was correct, and the black-hole emissions are now known as Hawking radiation.His succinct, synthesized voice comments are often laced with humor, he enjoys socializing

27、 with his students and colleagues, attends rock concerts and sometimes takes to the dance floor at discos, wheeling his chair in circles. But he can be stubborn, abrasive and quick to anger, terminating a conversation by spinning around and rolling off, sometimes running one of his wheels over the t

28、oes of an offender.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 他几乎完全瘫痪，不能说话，离不开轮椅，能够活动的只有他面部的肌肉和他左手的两个指头。吃饭穿衣他不能自理，白天夜晚都需要人照顾。他只能通过一个发声合成器同别人交流。这个计算机式的发声合成器固定在他那装有马达的轮椅上；他吃力地操作键盘，把要说的话一个词一个词地打出来。尽管他遭此极度厄运，斯蒂芬-霍金在他年已半百的时候还是成了“也许是当代最伟大的物理学家”。(科技作家迈克?怀特和约翰?格里宾说)他 1988 年出版的时间简史一书，在世界各地共销售了 170 万册。 他父亲是个医生，曾敦促他学医，但他没有从命，而是先后在

29、牛津大学和剑桥大学专攻数学和理论物理。可是他在 21 岁的时候，出现了肌萎缩性侧索硬化的征兆；这一疾病不可避免地要导致瘫痪，使他很多事都不能做。用本书的两位作者的话来说，“研究理论物理是他能做的屈指可数的几件工作之一这些工作实际需要的工具仅是他的大脑。” 还在当研究生的时候，他就对研究黑洞现象巨大星体泯灭过程中产生的奇怪物体人了迷。他同数学家罗杰?潘洛斯合作，运用爱因斯坦的相对论等式找到了新的计算方法来证明：在黑洞的中心是一堆密密麻麻的、无边无际的、具有巨大引力的奇异小点。他继而证明，整个宇宙都有可能是从某个奇点演变而来的。 在剑桥当研究员时，他再接再厉，并推测出：可能是产生宇宙的大爆炸同时也产生了那些小黑洞，其大小同质子差不多，但质量却重如一座大山。后来，他用量子理论证明这些小洞(还有大一些的)能发