【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学自考题模拟17及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学自考题模拟 17及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Since the beginning of the 20th century, _ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.（分数：1.00）A.word-formationB.borrowingC.semantic changeD.both B and C2.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also

2、 called _ words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.（分数：1.00）A.contentB.notionalC.emptyD.new3.The prehistoric Indo-European language is thought to be a highly _ language.（分数：1.00）A.inflectedB.derivativeC.developedD.analytic4.The suffixes in words “heighten“,

3、 “symbolize“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.noun suffixesB.verb suffixesC.adverb suffixesD.adjective suffixes5.Most English words can be said to be _.（分数：1.00）A.non-motivatedB.motivatedC.connectedD.related6.Reference is the relationship between language and the _.（分数：1.00）A.speakersB.listenersC.worldD.specific co

4、untry7._ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had in the beginning.（分数：1.00）A.DerivationB.Radia

5、tionC.InflectionD.Concatenation8.The sense relation between “lobster“ and “animal“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.hyponymyB.synonymyC.polysemyD.antonymy9.“Loud colours“ belongs to _.（分数：1.00）A.transfer of sensationsB.transfer between abstract meanings and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective meanings to subj

6、ective meaningsD.transfer from subjective meanings to objective meanings10.“Beyond the pale“ is an idiom _.（分数：1.00）A.nominal in natureB.adjectival in natureC.verbal in natureD.adverbial in nature11.Of the following words, _ is an initialism.（分数：1.00）A.UNB.NATOC.BASICD.UNESCO12.Of the following word

7、-formation processes, _ is the most productive.（分数：1.00）A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation13.The ambiguity in “pass the port“ is caused by _.（分数：1.00）A.lexical itemsB.grammatical structureC.homonymyD.polysemy14.Rhetorical features of idioms are shown in such aspects as phonetic and lexical

8、 manipulation as well as _.（分数：1.00）A.semantic unityB.structural stabilityC.idiomatic variationD.figures of speech15.Grammatical context refers to _ in which a word is used.（分数：1.00）A.vocabularyB.grammarC.semantic patternD.syntactic structure16.Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）

9、A.Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B.Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C.Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D.Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.17.Which of the following characteristics

10、 of the basic word stock is the most important?（分数：1.00）A.Stability.B.Collocability.C.Productivity.D.National character.18.Linguistic context is also known as _ context.（分数：1.00）A.socialB.verbalC.lexicalD.physical19.The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Rouman

11、ian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _.（分数：1.00）A.SanskritB.LatinC.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon20.The prefixes in words “neo-Nazi“, “autobiography!“ and “pan-European“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.negative prefixesB.prefixes of degree or sizeC.prefixes of time and orderD.miscellaneous pre

12、fixes21._ are often referred to in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.（分数：1.00）A.HomographsB.HomophonesC.Absolute homonymsD.Antonyms22.“Dreadful“ and “hateful“ belong to _.（分数：1.00）A.transfer from subjective meaning to objective meaningB.transfer of sensat

13、ionC.transfer from objective meaning to subjective meaningD.transfer between abstract meaning and concrete meaning23.“Drink like a fish“ is an example of _.（分数：1.00）A.metaphorB.simileC.metonymyD.synecdoche24.“General officer“, “editorial article“ and “gold medal“ are often shortened as “general“, “e

14、ditorial“ and “gold“ respectively. In these cases there is a _ behind this sort of semantic change.（分数：1.00）A.foreign influenceB.social causeC.linguistic causeD.psychological cause25.The four major modes of semantic change are _.（分数：1.00）A.extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB.extension,

15、generalization, elevation and degradationC.extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD.extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation26.The word “quack“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.onomatopoeically motivatedB.morphologically motivatedC.semantically motivatedD.etymologically motivated27._ belongs t

16、o the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-groups.（分数：1.00）A.ColloquialismB.JargonC.SlangD.Argot28.A subcutaneous infection is _ the skin.（分数：1.00）A.on the surface ofB.aboveC.underD.below29.The word “kowtow“

17、in English is called an alien word because _.（分数：1.00）A.it is a newly-created word from another languageB.it has been assimilated into the English languageC.it has undergone a semantic changeD.it has retained its original pronunciation30.Which of the following words is NOT from Chinese?（分数：1.00）A.Te

18、a.B.Ketchup.C.Kungfu.D.Czar.31.In 1, the meaning of one word is often affected and defined by the neighboring words. （分数：1.50）32.Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited 1. （分数：1.50）33.Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and 1. （分数：1.50）34.T

19、he surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, 1. （分数：1.50）35. 1 is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a

20、part of another word. （分数：1.50）36.Homophones are words identical only in 1 but different in spelling and meaning. （分数：1.50）37.Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate 1 relationships. （分数：1.50）38.Relative synonyms, also called 1 are similar or nearly t

21、he same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality. （分数：1.50）39.Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be 1. （分数：1.50）40.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present 1 language. （分数：1.50）41.synecdoche

22、 （分数：3.00）_42.translation-loans （分数：3.00）_43.affixes （分数：3.00）_44.synonyms （分数：3.00）_45.Germanic （分数：3.00）_46.What are the linguistic factors of meaning changes? （分数：5.00）_47.What are acronyms? Please illustrate it with at least two examples. （分数：5.00）_48.Please illustrate the grammatical meaning of

23、 a word with at least one example. （分数：5.00）_49.Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. （分数：5.00）_50.Explain the three different periods of the English development. （分数：10.00）_51.Study the following sentence: 1) pick out the idiom,

24、2) explain its origin and 3) comment on the use. David“s head was in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying, “Too many cooks, better let me.“ （分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题模拟 17答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Since the beginning of the 20th century, _ has become even more important for the expansion of Engli

25、sh vocabulary.（分数：1.00）A.word-formation B.borrowingC.semantic changeD.both B and C解析：解析 虽然借词是增加词汇量的一个重要途径，但是在第二次世界大战后更为重要的方法则是构词法(word-formation)。2.Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _ words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong

26、to this category.（分数：1.00）A.contentB.notionalC.empty D.new解析：3.The prehistoric Indo-European language is thought to be a highly _ language.（分数：1.00）A.inflected B.derivativeC.developedD.analytic解析：4.The suffixes in words “heighten“, “symbolize“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.noun suffixesB.verb suffixes C.adverb s

27、uffixesD.adjective suffixes解析：解析 “ate”，“-en”，“-(i)fy”，“-ize(-ise)”等都是动词后缀。题目中的“heighten”意思是“使更高”；“symbolize”的意思是“使作为标志”。5.Most English words can be said to be _.（分数：1.00）A.non-motivated B.motivatedC.connectedD.related解析：解析 理据(motivation)表示的是语言符号和其意义之间的关系。词的形式和其意义之间的关系是约定俗成的，大多数的词都是非理据词(non-motivated

28、)。6.Reference is the relationship between language and the _.（分数：1.00）A.speakersB.listenersC.world D.specific country解析：解析 “所指”表示的是语言和客观世界之间的关系。通过“所指”，说话者才能将所谈论的对象指明。7._ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in ma

29、ny cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had in the beginning.（分数：1.00）A.DerivationB.RadiationC.InflectionD.Concatenation 解析：8.The sense relation between “lobster“ and “animal“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.hyponymy B.synonymyC.polysemyD.anton

30、ymy解析：解析 上下义关系处理的是语义的包含关系，即意思较为具体的词包含在另外一个意思更具概括性的词里面。本题中的 lobster一词的意思是包含在 animal一词蕴含的意思里面的。9.“Loud colours“ belongs to _.（分数：1.00）A.transfer of sensations B.transfer between abstract meanings and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective meanings to subjective meaningsD.transfer from subjective m

31、eanings to objective meanings解析：解析 语义转移是指原本指一种事物的词转而指代其他事物的语义变化现象。通感语义转移(transfer of sensations/sensational sense of transfer)涉及了两种感觉之间的语义转移，比如“loud colors”的意思是“亮色”，涉及了听觉和视觉之间的语义转移。10.“Beyond the pale“ is an idiom _.（分数：1.00）A.nominal in natureB.adjectival in nature C.verbal in natureD.adverbial in

32、nature解析：解析 习语“beyond the pale”的结构为“介词+名词”，它在句子中执行形容词的功能(其构成成分不一定都是形容词)，意思是“行为难以让人接受的”。11.Of the following words, _ is an initialism.（分数：1.00）A.UN B.NATOC.BASICD.UNESCO解析：解析 首字母拼音词(acronyms)是由若干词的首字母组合而成的，但仍按照正常词的读音进行拼读。“UN”是首字母缩略词，其余三项都是首字母拼音词。12.Of the following word-formation processes, _ is the

33、most productive.（分数：1.00）A.clippingB.blendingC.initialismD.derivation 解析：解析 词缀法(affixation)是通过给词根增添构词词缀或者派生词缀而形成新词的方法。这个过程也被称作派生法(derivation)。英语中有 30%-40%的词是通过词缀法，即派生法形成的；28%-30%是由复合法形成的；26%是由转类法形成的；其余的词汇则是通过截短法或者首字母拼音法等形成的。因此可以推断，派生法具有最强的构词能力。13.The ambiguity in “pass the port“ is caused by _.（分数：1

34、.00）A.lexical itemsB.grammatical structureC.homonymyD.polysemy 解析：解析 同形同音异义词和多义词常会导致歧义的产生。如果上下文提供的语境不够清晰，含有多义词的句子或者习语就可能会导致歧义的产生。在“pass the port”中，port 一词既有“海港”的意思，也有“船舰的左侧”的意思，因此，这个词若没有丰富的语境提示就会导致歧义的产生。14.Rhetorical features of idioms are shown in such aspects as phonetic and lexical manipulation a

35、s well as _.（分数：1.00）A.semantic unityB.structural stabilityC.idiomatic variationD.figures of speech 解析：15.Grammatical context refers to _ in which a word is used.（分数：1.00）A.vocabularyB.grammarC.semantic patternD.syntactic structure 解析：解析 在某些情况下，一个单词的意思会受到其所在的句子结构的影响。这种句子结构就是我们所说的语法语境(grammatical con

36、text)。这里的结构是指句法结构，即“syntactic structure”。16.Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B.Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C.Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.

37、D.Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.解析：解析 在不同文化和不同时代的人之间情感意义(affective meaning)有所不同。因此，C 项的说法是不正确的。17.Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?（分数：1.00）A.Stability.B.Collocability.C.Productivity.D.National character. 解析：解析 基本词汇的特点有：全

38、民性、稳定性、能产性和搭配性。但是，不是所有的基本词汇都具备以上几个特点。代词和数词被人们普遍地使用，也很稳定，但其语义单一，不具有能产性，搭配性也不强。因此，只有全民性是基本词汇的最重要的特点。18.Linguistic context is also known as _ context.（分数：1.00）A.socialB.verbal C.lexicalD.physical解析：19.The five Romance languages, namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Roumanian all belong to

39、the Italic through an intermediate language called _.（分数：1.00）A.SanskritB.Latin C.CelticD.Anglo-Saxon解析：20.The prefixes in words “neo-Nazi“, “autobiography!“ and “pan-European“ are _.（分数：1.00）A.negative prefixesB.prefixes of degree or sizeC.prefixes of time and orderD.miscellaneous prefixes 解析：21._

40、are often referred to in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.（分数：1.00）A.HomographsB.Homophones C.Absolute homonymsD.Antonyms解析：解析 同音异义词在声音或拼写上相同，特别是同音异形异义词常被用来取得双关语(puns)以取得作者期望的文学效果，这种双关语可以用来表示幽默、讽刺或嘲弄。22.“Dreadful“ and “hateful“ belong to _.（分数：1.00）A.tra

41、nsfer from subjective meaning to objective meaning B.transfer of sensationC.transfer from objective meaning to subjective meaningD.transfer between abstract meaning and concrete meaning解析：解析 原本指一种事物的词转而指代另外一种事物，这一过程就是语义转移。本题中的“dreadful”和“hateful”两个词就经历了从主观意义向客观意义的转移。23.“Drink like a fish“ is an exam

42、ple of _.（分数：1.00）A.metaphorB.simile C.metonymyD.synecdoche解析：解析 明喻(simile)是指直接把一种事物比作另外一种事物的修辞方法，明喻的标志是使用像“as”，“like”等的字眼。24.“General officer“, “editorial article“ and “gold medal“ are often shortened as “general“, “editorial“ and “gold“ respectively. In these cases there is a _ behind this sort of

43、 semantic change.（分数：1.00）A.foreign influenceB.social causeC.linguistic cause D.psychological cause解析：解析 用单独的一个词来表示原本完整的短语所表达的意思是语义变化中语言因素起作用的情况之一，在这种情况下，不管留下的部分是名词还是形容词，它们都执行名词的功能，代替整个短语的意思。25.The four major modes of semantic change are _.（分数：1.00）A.extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B

44、.extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC.extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD.extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation解析：26.The word “quack“ is _.（分数：1.00）A.onomatopoeically motivated B.morphologically motivatedC.semantically motivatedD.etymologically motivat

45、ed解析：解析 在现代英语中，有少量词是模仿自然界中的声音而形成的，这些词的读音可以表明其所表达的意思，它们就是拟声理据词。像“quack”，“tick-tuck”，“miaow”等都属于此类词。27._ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-groups.（分数：1.00）A.ColloquialismB.JargonC.Slang D.Argot解析：解析 俚语(slang)是一种次标准语言，介于诸如非正式的黑话(cant)、隐语(argot)、行话(jargon)等概括性语言之间，适用于特定群体中的每个成员。俚语之所以被如此命名并不是因为其发音和拼写的特点，而是由其用法决定的。28.A subcutaneous infection is _ the skin.（分数：1.00）A.on the s