ISO 21413-2005 Manual methods for the measurement of a groundwater level in a well《井地下水位测量的手工方法》.pdf
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1、 Reference number ISO 21413:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21413 First edition 2005-10-15 Manual methods for the measurement of a groundwater level in a well Mthodes manuelles pour le mesurage du niveau de leau souterraine dans un puits ISO 21413:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may
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4、 parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless ot
5、herwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyri
6、ght office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedISO 21413:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope1 2 Terms and d
7、efinitions .1 3 Water-level measurement using a graduated steel tape .2 3.1 Purpose.2 3.2 Materials and instruments 2 3.3 Data accuracy and limitations2 3.4 Advantages and disadvantages.3 3.5 Assumptions 3 3.6 Procedures.3 4 Water-level measurement using an electric tape .6 4.1 Purpose.6 4.2 Materia
8、ls and instruments 6 4.3 Data accuracy and limitations6 4.4 Advantages and disadvantages.7 4.5 Assumptions 7 4.6 Procedures.7 5 Water-level measurement using an air line.10 5.1 Purpose.10 5.2 Materials and instruments 10 5.3 Data accuracy and limitations10 5.4 Advantages and disadvantages.11 5.5 Ass
9、umptions 11 5.6 Procedures.11 6 Water-level measurement in a flowing well 13 6.1 Purpose.13 6.2 Materials and instruments 13 6.3 Data accuracy and limitations14 6.4 Advantages and disadvantages.15 6.5 Assumptions 15 6.6 Procedures.15 6.6.1 Low-pressure head measurement (direct measurement) .15 6.6.2
10、 High-pressure head measurement (indirect measurement) .15 7 Establishing a permanent measuring point16 7.1 Purpose.16 7.2 Materials and instruments 16 7.3 Data accuracy and limitations17 7.4 Assumptions 17 7.5 Procedure.17 Annex A (informative) Corrections for water levels measured in deep wells by
11、 steel tapes subject to temperature changes and tape stretch .26 Annex B (informative) Corrections for water levels measured in wells with the air-line method.28 Bibliography 30 ISO 21413:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a wo
12、rldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented o
13、n that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted
14、 in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standa
15、rd requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 21413 was prepared by
16、Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 8, Ground water. ISO 21413:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved v Introduction The measurement of a water level in a well constitutes a data-collection process that provides fundamental information about the status of a groundwater system.
17、Accordingly, measured water levels should be sufficiently accurate and reproducible to meet the needs of most data-collection and monitoring programs. Several manual methods commonly used to collect water-level data in wells employ relatively simple measuring devices such as graduated steel tapes, e
18、lectric tapes, and air lines. In some cases, water-level measurements are required in flowing wells. The procedures associated with each of these methods are intrinsically different and subject to varying limitations and accuracies. Standardization of these methods would ensure that the procedures a
19、nd associated equipment used by the international community to collect water-level data in a well are consistent, and that the results can be compared with minimal concern about the relative accuracies and/or the procedures use in collecting the data. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21413:2005(E) ISO 200
20、5 All rights reserved 1 Manual methods for the measurement of a groundwater level in a well 1 Scope This International Standard develops procedures and prescribes the minimum accuracy required of water- level measurements made in wells using graduated steel tapes, electric tapes and air lines. Proce
21、dures and accuracy requirements for measuring water levels in a flowing well are also included, as are procedures required to establish a permanent measuring point. This International Standard discusses the advantages and limitations of each method and requirements for recording the data. This Inter
22、national Standard does not include methods that use automated electrical or mechanical means to measure and record water levels. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply: 2.1 air line water-level measuring device consisting of a small diame
23、ter open-ended tube fixed in position that is accessible from the top of the casing and extends to below the water level in a well where pressurized air measurements can be used to determine the depth to water 2.2 casing (well casing) tubular retaining structure, which is installed in a drilled bore
24、hole or excavated well, to maintain the borehole opening. Plain (unscreened) casing prevents the entry of water and fine material into the well, while open (screened) casing allows water ingress but should exclude fines 2.3 electric tape water-level measuring device that uses an electrical signal, s
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