IEEE 1048-2003 en Guide for Protective Grounding of Power Lines《电力线的保护接地》.pdf
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1、IEEE Std 1048-2003(Revision of IEEE Std 1048-1990)IEEE Standards1048TMIEEE Guide for Protective Grounding ofPower LinesPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA26 September 2003IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTra
2、nsmission +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered
3、 by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patentsfor which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries
4、 into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.iv Copyright 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1048-2003, IEEE Guide for Protective Grounding of Power Lines.)Protective grounding methods have often not kept pace
5、with their increasing importance in work safety asthe available fault current magnitudes grow, sometimes to as high as 100 kA, and as right-of-ways becomemore crowded with heavily loaded circuits, leading to growing problems of electric or magnetic induction.This guide has compiled state-of-the-art
6、information on protective grounding practices employed by powerutilities in North America.The revision of the guide was undertaken to add information on the electrical hazards related to electric util-ity vehicles working adjacent to power lines. Electrostatic induction develops a voltage on the veh
7、icle, itsmagnitude depending upon the vehicles insulation from ground, the separation distance, and the voltageand current on the adjacent line. The hazards may include both a transient discharge current as the vehicle isgrounded through a persons body and a steady-state capacitive current that may
8、flow through the vehicle.The revision discusses the advantages of isolating the worksite by barricading the vehicle to protect thepublic from the electrical hazards.The revision also includes factors important in sizing protective grounds. These factors are based on areview of current practices, tec
9、hnical information, and safety criteria. The factors are intended to protectelectrical workers during work on de-energized transmission and distribution lines. The primary purpose of factors in sizing protective grounds is to ensure that protective grounds utilized dur-ing de-energized work on trans
10、mission and distribution lines are sized to adequately protect workers frominjury or electrocution. Protective ground sizing is required for the maximum magnitude and duration ofcurrent that may flow in a grounding system at a worksite. The current may be of short duration from acci-dental energizat
11、ion of the line or may be due to continuous current from magnetic induction by nearby ener-gized circuits.This revision addresses the size of protective grounds to carry fault currents or induced current at the work-site for the full duration of current. Determination of fault current magnitude cons
12、idering the ac and dc offsetcomponents and the effect of X/R (X is reactance and R is resistance) ratios is discussed. Primary and backuprelaying times are discussed because both items are important considerations for sizing protective grounds.The determination of currents induced by nearby energize
13、d circuits is also discussed as an essential consid-eration for sizing protective grounds.The material requirements for protective grounding sets are discussed in detail. Recommended materials,ratings, component design and shape, jacket material, resistance, mechanical stress considerations, anddeta
14、ils of multiple grounding systems are also covered.Finally, a discussion of the practical use of protective grounds is covered. The preferred practice is to use asingle protective ground at a worksite. Because a single protective ground cannot always be accomplished, itis permissible to parallel mor
15、e than one grounding cable. The precautions required for multiple protectivegrounds used in parallel are discussed. This guide concludes with a presentation of in-service maintenance,inspection, and testing guidelines.This guide was developed through the collaborative effort of an international grou
16、p of volunteers withexpertise in many disciplines. While this guide represents a consensus among this volunteer group, it is notthe only view on the issues addressed herein. As with any guidance, use of this guide and the procedures andpositions herein does not provide proof of or guarantee safety.
17、Use and compliance with this IEEE guide arewholly voluntary.Copyright 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved. vParticipantsAt the time this revised guide was completed, the Working Group on Guide for Protective Grounding ofPower Lines had the following membership:Gernot K. Brandt, ChairThe following members
18、 of the balloting committee voted on this revised guide. Balloters may have voted forapproval, disapproval, or abstention.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this revised guide on 20 March 2003, it had the followingmembership:Don Wright, ChairHoward M. Frazier, Vice ChairJudith Gorman, Secreta
19、ry*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeSavoula AmanatidisIEEE Standards Managing EditorDave BellowsKenneth J. BrownJ. F. DoeringBrian ErgaHarold FoxDonald A. GilliesPaul W. Ho
20、tteJ. Ernest JonesHarry J. KientzClayton KingG. R. KiserDonald E. KoonceJ. David MitchellDennis ReisingerGeorge E. StinnettJames R. TomaseskiRoy W. AlexanderJames E. ApplequistR. Allen BernstorfNelson G. BingelGernot K. BrandtVernon L. ChartierJames F. ChristensenFrank A. DenbrockNicholas J. DeSanti
21、sJohn FarringtonFrank FerracaneMarcel FortinGeorge GelaDonald A. GilliesRichard W. HenselAndrew Robert HilemanGeorge G. KaradyRobert O. KlugeNestor KolcioDonald E. KoonceGeorge N. LesterJ. David MitchellDaleep C. MohlaYakov MotlisAbdul M. MousaRonald J. OedemannMark OstendorpRobert G. OswaldCarlos O
22、. PeixotoRobert C. PetersRadhakrishna V. RebbapragadaThomas J. RozekDonald SandellNeil P. SchmidtDoug ShermanDaniel J. WardH. Stephen BergerJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRichard DeBlasioJulian Forster*Toshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald N. HeirmanLaura HitchcockRichard H. HulettAnant Ku
23、mar JainLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Tom McGeanSteve M. MillsDaleep C. MohlaWilliam J. MoylanPaul NikolichGary S. RobinsonMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. ThompsonDoug ToppingHoward L. Wolfmanvi Copyright 2003 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 12. References
24、 13. Definitions . 24. Principles . 54.1 Introduction 54.2 General. 54.3 Fault currents . 104.4 Induction (coupling) 134.5 Lightning 155. Rating of grounding sets 155.1 Ground set components . 155.2 Grounding cable size . 176. Grounding practices. 216.1 Introduction 216.2 Theoretical considerations
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