2019届高三英语二轮复习书面表达专项练习（13）概要写作一.doc

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1、1概要写作一1、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。We all have daily problems with technology, but how many of us can fix them? Mya Le Thai, a scientist from the University of California, Irvine recently discovered a process that might result in batteries that could last forever.Thai said she was frustrated that th

2、e batteries for her wireless devices degraded. Over time, they failed to charge fully. Thai did not like to keep her wireless laptop connected to an electrical outlet. She decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But a

3、s they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion (锂离子)batteries to last forever. Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. One of the reasons why lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires (

4、纳米线) to carry electricity. Nanowires are extremely thin. They are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries. But their thinness also makes them weak. Nanowires break over time,“ she said. “Thats why they lose capacity.But, Thai had a theory: The nanowires migh

5、t last longer if covered with a gel. She and the team tested her theory. “ It was a long process and a lot of work,“ Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. The nanowires were coated with a gel, PMMA, and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The gel showed no evidence of damage. Th

6、e results suggested that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.Thai said 200,000 cycles amount to about three months on just one device. Thai hopes to continue her research to see if any other gel could work better.Thai tells VOA she is enjoying the publicity about her discove

7、ry. She said she never expected her research to getmedia coverage. “Its kind of cool,” she said. “Im really glad people are showing interest in my worknot just in thework itself, but also in technology and energy.”22、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。You might think that whether you choose a blue shirt or

8、a yellow one to wear to work or college makes no difference to your day and those around you. However, an increasing number of experts argue that the colors we choose affect our mood, our career prospects and even our health.The power of color has been used for centuries and we should be making the

9、most of it in our lives. Color affects us to a greater degree than most of us realize. It is used increasingly by psychologists and therapists for influencing mood and state of mind, and for various types of treatments when we are ill. Some people even believe that the blind can benefit from the “vi

10、brations(震动)” that color gives off.Companies use color to great effect to encourage us to buy their products. For example, purple is seen as creative and mixes well with red, to show that a company has ideas and the power to make them happen. Orange and blue are also recommended colors for companies

11、 to use, because orange is the color of communication and blue suggests safety and security. So this could be a particularly good combination. Companies have found certain colors “speak” to specific age groups. They often use red to attract younger people to their products, for example, as it is vib

12、rant and more youthful than colors like gold and navy, which older customers seem to prefer.Wearing different colors can affect how you feel and how others react to you, so it is important to consider this when deciding what to wear in the morning. If you want people to take you seriously, then wear

13、ing navy blue or black is good. Blue would also be helpful for an interview or oral examination because it relaxes you and makes you feel calm. Red gets you noticed by everyone and makes you, the wearer, feel energetic, but be careful, as it can raise your pulse rate and not everyone wants this effe

14、ct.So think carefully before you leave the house. The colors you choose are a wonderful tool. Are you making the right impressionon yourself and on others?33、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。A new, first-of-its-kind study examines the connection between teacher burnout and students stress levels. Research

15、ers from the University of British Columbia collected saliva(唾液) samples from over 400 elementary school children,grades four to seven,at 17 public schools. Cortisol(皮质醇) levels were then assessed from the samples as the hormone is commonly used as a biological indicator of stress. Correspondingly,

16、teacher burnout was determined through survey results.Investigators found that in classrooms where teachers experienced more burnout, or feelings of emotional exhaustion, students cortisol levels were elevated (提升). Higher cortisol levels in elementary school children have been linked to learning di

17、fficulties as well as mental health problems. The study appears in the journal Social Science & Medicine. “This suggests that stress contagion might be taking place in the classroom among students and their teachers,“ said Eva Oberle, PhD, the studys lead author.Indeed, the relationship between stud

18、ent stress and teacher burnout is a chicken and egg question. “It is unknown what came first, elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom. ” Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inad

19、equate support for teachers,which may impact teachers ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom can contribute to students needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in elevated cortisol levels in students.Alternatively, stress could originate f

20、rom students, who may be more challenging to teach because of increases in anxiety,behavioral problems,or special needs. In this case,teachers could feel overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes i

21、ncrease and supports for teachers are cut, 4said Oberle. “ It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle burnout and relieve stress in the classroom,”

22、 said the University of British Columbia education professor Kimberly Schonert Reichl, PhD, the studys co-author. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the damage of students.”4、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers(

23、同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation(隔离) in American society did not be

24、come usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend

25、 with adults.School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adol

26、escent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size as well as in terms of its impact

27、 on societys other cultures ( adults, younger children).Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents daily 5activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any oth

28、er activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults ( excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another importan

29、t characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous(自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents,adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.5、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词

30、左右的内容概要。There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hoursyou dont need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, ha

31、ve a snack and come back to a task when youre feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower is by rest, food or entertainment.But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that peoples beliefs in willpower determine how long

32、 and how well theyll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “ If you think of willpower as something thats limited, youre more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task,“ said Prof. Veronika Job. “But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on an

33、d on.”The researchers designed four experiments to test students beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more

34、control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed 6the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑).According to Mr. Job, the theory that willpower is a limited resource is

35、 interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work

36、through challenges.The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isnt driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.6、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。Uploading countless selfies(自拍照), writing personal status u

37、pdates,and checking your messages every other minute seem like just a part of modem daily life, right? These are the markers of the relationship we all have with social media now, which started out just as a way to communicate with one another.According to a recent study by experts at the University

38、 of Georgia, there may be more to it than that. The findings suggested some unmistakable correlations between social media use and whats known as “grandiose narcissism (浮夸的自恋)”.So, when does social media use become a problem? The University of Georgia carried out the research according to the follow

39、ing questions : How long do people spend on social media? How often do they tweet or update status? How many friends or followers do they have? How many selfies do they tend to post? If you do all the above things, it likely sends signals about your personality.All of these online actions have one t

40、hing in common : They are all ways in which we try to promote ourselves online. Therefore, it9s how you use the platform that counts.7Then, exactly how much time spent online is too much? The researchers didnt measure. However, another study from Baylor University listed SALIENCE (social platforms b

41、ecoming necessary in your daily life) and EUPHORIA (the feeling of excitement when you use them) among other things as signs of addiction. That is to say, if you are constantly engaged with social media on a daily basis, it could be a sign that you have a negative relationship with it.Therefore, its

42、 how you use the platform that matters. Social media itself means no harm. Instead, more benefitscan be got if you use it carefully and wisely.7、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。American English began in the 17th century. At the beginning of the 17th century, the English language was brought to North Amer

43、ica by colonists from England. They used the language spoken in England, that is, Elizabethan English, the language used by Shakespeare.In order to exploit new resources in America, British colonists settled down there and from 1607 to 1732 set up thirteen colonies, including Virginia, North Carolin

44、a,Georgia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey and Connecticut. In these thirteen areas, English was a common language used by all people. The first colonists established the English form in America.As time went by, the English language gradually changed on both sides of the Atlantic. Foreigners long

45、ing for wealth set foot on the coastal area to trade. Americans adopted many words from foreign languages and invented numerous new words to meet their commercial needs.Following American Independence, famous people like Thomas Jefferson, the President, began to consider that the country should have

46、 a language of its own. Noah Webster compiled (编撰) three elementary books on English. Later, he expressed the idea that as an independent nation, America should have a system of its own in language as well as in government. After the second half of the 819th century, many great writers such as Mark

47、Twain helped the development of American English.English in America has developed a character of its own, reflecting the life and the physical and social environment of the American people. Since the rise of the United States to a position of world importance, American English has been developing an

48、d changing. There is no doubt that American English will enrich the English language greatly. With the rapid development of modem mass media and the common needs of economic, cultural and politicalexchanges, American English will be more widely used in the world than British English.8、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一

49、篇 60词左右的内容概要。Life doesnt always turn out the way wed like. When situations take an unfriendly turn, we become upset, frustrated, and angry. When others dont agree with us, live their lives the way we think they should not, or act in a manner we find disturbing, anger is a typical reaction. It seems that we feel anger gives us the momentary feeling of power in a situation where we feel we have lost authority. However,in fact,with the exception of a few cases,an angry reaction rarely improves the situation. It only makes the situation worse. Thoughtful considera