2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit24Society讲义北师大版选修8.doc

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1、1Unit 24 Society(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1inequality n 不平等2abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产3household n. 一个家庭4currency n. 货币5taxpayer n. 纳税人6ownership n. 所有权7pension n. 退休金，养老金8pregnant adj. 怀孕的9format n. 格式10leisure n. 闲暇，空闲11framework n. 结构，构架12feast n. 盛宴，宴会13merchant n. 商人14collision n. 相撞15consumer n. 消费者.重点单词写其形21

2、deposit vt. consequent，hundreds of people were killed. consequentconsequently.完成句子1She got off the bus, burdened_with_two_heavy_suitcases.她提着两只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽车。112They undertook_to_finish the task by Monday.她们答应在星期一之前完成任务。3As is known to us, China is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.众所周知，中国农产品丰富。4The yo

3、ung man was_sentenced_to_six_years_in_prison for stealing too much money.那个年轻人因偷了太多钱而被判了六年徒刑。5Two members resigned_from_the_board in protest.董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。(一)课前自主学习1come_into_being 形成，存在2wind_sb.up_ 故意惹恼某人3show_off 炫耀，夸耀4knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5break_into 闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)6on_principle 串记 1 根据原则7sente

4、nce_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8take_.seriously_ 认真对待9be_well/better_off 过得好/过得更好10above_all 串记 2 最重要的是；首先11do_away_with_ 串记 3 废除；摆脱，消灭12contribute_to 促进，有助于13play_an_important_role_in 在中起重要作用14to_start_with_ 首先15take_._into_account 考虑；注意，体谅16keep_an_eye_on 串记 4 注意，留意同根短语串记12串记 1.“on n.”常用短语大全on principle 根据

5、原则 on average 平均on purpose 故意地 on show/exhibition 在展出on sale 出售 on business 出差串记 2.“首先”短语聚集above all first of allfirst and foremost to begin/start with串记 3.do 短语集汇do away with 废除；摆脱 do harm to 对有害do ones best 尽力 do ones duty 尽职责do up 重新整修 do without 没有也行串记 4.聚焦 eye 短语keep an eye on 注意，留意have a good

6、eye for 对有鉴赏眼光look sb.in the eye 直视(正视)某人catch ones eye 引起某人的注意1a huge adjustment 一个巨大的调整2keep control over the city 控制整个城市3be trapped in a spending circle 陷入一个消费圈子中4advertising aimed at children 针对儿童的广告5put our signatures on credit cards 在信用卡上签名6change our money into different countries currencies把

7、我们的钱换成不同国家的货币7sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings睡在街上或空置的建筑物中8share the joy and sadness of everyday life分享日常生活的快乐和悲伤1As a society, its_high_time_that_we_took these issues more seriously.作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。2Id_rather you didnt mention that.13我宁愿你没有提及那一点。3What_if some married peopl

8、e have affairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？4They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块与句式1(2015安徽高考完形)How did we become a throwaway society? First of all, it is now

9、easier to replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.(用本单元短语替换加黑短语)Above_all/To_start_with2(2015重庆高考阅读 B)Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, so they make their own bread each morning and then fan th

10、e bread smell into the store throughout the day.(用本单元短语替换加黑单词)keep_an_eye_on 高考采撷(二) 写作中的词块与句式(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)1(2018北京高考书面表达)首先，热烈欢迎你来北京学习，我相信你在北京的大学生活一定会很愉快。(to start with)To_start_with,_warmly_welcome_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_y

11、our_college_in_Beijing.2(2016四川高考书面表达)夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量做生活中最困难的事情。(make宾语宾语补足语)Summer_makes_me_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the_strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_things_in_my_life.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1knock into sb.撞上某人14记牢knock down/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除knock at/on 敲(门、窗、墙等)knock out 撞出；敲击knock off 减价；中断，停止练通

12、单句语法填空I knocked into an old friend of mine in the park.Be careful with the little trees, and dont knock them down/over.Please knock on/at the door before you come in next time.写美(2015湖南高考书面表达)昨天下午，我和李明放学后一起回家。突然，我们看见一位老太太被一辆汽车撞倒了。Yesterday_afternoon,_Li_Ming_and_I_went_home_together_after_school.Sud

13、denly_we_saw_an_old_lady_knocked_down_by_a_car.2show off 炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示记牢(1)show sb.(a)round/in/out 带领某人参观/进来/出去show up 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be) on show(be) on display 在展出练通 完成句子Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car he usually walks.迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。The headmaster showed_the_visito

14、rs_around_our_school yesterday.昨天校长带领那些来宾参观了我们的学校。A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper, and a line of words showed_up_clearly.一位警察在那张纸条上涂上一些化学药品，一行字迹清晰地显示出来了。A series of agricultural produce are_on_show in this exhibition.一系列的农产品在本次展览会上展出。写美(2014辽宁高考书面表达)所有的创意作品将于 6 月 16 日至 18 日在体育馆展

15、出。All_the_innovations_will_be_on_show_from_June_16_to_18_in_the_gym.3come into being 形成，存在15记牢come into existence 开始存在，建立，产生come into effect/force 生效come into use 开始使用come into power 掌权come into sight/view 看见；进入视野come into fashion 开始流行练通 单句语法填空When did the term of “newnew people” come into existence

16、 (exist)?The Irish Free State came into being (be) in 1922.The mountain town came into sight/view as we turned the last corner. 完成句子When did this word come_into_use?这个词是什么时候开始使用的？The electric bike comes_into_fashion because of its unique design.这种电动自行车因其独特的设计而流行起来。When did the labour government come

17、_into_power in the UK?在英国工党政府什么时候执政的？The new tax regulation will come_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.新税法将在来年年初开始生效。写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)因此，这种新型的鞋子是最近才出现的。Therefore,_this_new_kind_of_shoes_has_come_into_being_recently.句式集释1What if .?教材原句 What_if some married people have affairs?悟拓展例句(1

18、)(2018天津高考)What_if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画将怎么办？16(2)(2017天津高考)Michael was late for Mr. Smiths chemistry class this morning.How_come? As far as I know, he never came late to class.迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。怎么会呢？据我所知，他上课从来不迟到的。(3)He is fift

19、een years younger than you!So_what?他比你小十五岁呢！那又怎么样？析用法规则用法归纳What if .？ 如果将怎么办？how come 是怎么回事，为什么So what? 那又怎么样？注意事项(1)What if .可以看作 What will happen if .？的省略形式；还可表示“即使又有什么关系” ，看作是 What does it matter if .的省略形式。(2)how come 可以单独出现在对话的语境中，也可以在 how come 后接语序完整的陈述句。背写作佳句(1)(2018全国卷满分作文)In your last letter

20、, you asked me what if you were a guest to a Chinese friends home.Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.(开头句)(2)(2017浙江高考满分作文)However, what if you dont have spare time for this trip？(要点句)(3)(2017江苏高考满分作文)How come? We can stay at home and watch films online.Its convenient with our

21、new and faster network.(要点句)2make宾语宾语补足语教材原句 They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs, which made_it_easier to keep an eye on peoples movements. 悟拓展例句(1)(2016江苏高考)Smartphones make_it_easier_and_more_convenient to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.智能手机让查看

22、现实、观看视频片段、阅读微博变得更容易、更方便。(2)People in the West make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their 17relatives and friends.西方国家的人在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物已成为一个常规。(3)They didnt know the native language, so they couldnt make_themselves_understood.他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。(4)Our English teacher often makes_us_r

23、etell the texts, which is beneficial to our English study.我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文，这对我们的英语学习有益。析用法规则用法归纳(1)本句使用了“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to keep an eye on peoples movements。(2)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、动词不定式(不带 to)等来充当。背写作佳句(1)(2014辽宁高考满分作文)Your contribution will certainly make

24、the event a huge success.(要点句)(2)(2015全国卷满分作文)Well also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope will make them happy.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空come into being， break into， above all， sentence sb.to death， on principle， do away with， be well off， wind sb.up， knock i

25、nto sb.， show off1The judge sentenced him to_death for the murder.2The society today offers the young generation more chances to show_off their talent and skills.3Although he is not well_off,_he lives a happy life.4Nobody knows exactly when the universe came_into_being.5I knocked_into the star you h

26、ad talked about in the town this morning.6He didnt mean to hurt her, but the way he winded_her_up made her unpleasant.7He was always late on_principle.His principle was that punctuality is the thief of time.188People thought that the use of robots would do_away_with boring lowpaid factory jobs.9I wo

27、uld like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and above_all in a quiet neighbourhood.10Did I tell you about the time that a thief broke_into my hotel room?.完成句子/一句多译1如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办？What_if I fail the maths exam next week?2我记得我向你清楚表示过我不会来。I remember I made_it_quite_clear to you that I was not comin

28、g.3那是那位电影明星最后一次出现在公众面前。It was the last time that the movie star had_shown_up_in_public.4我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。I_would_rather_you_didnt_do anything for the time being.5在街上走的时候我遇到了一位老朋友。I_knocked_into_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(knock)I_came_across_an_old_friend when I was walking in the

29、 street.(come)I_met_with_an_old_friend when I was walking in the street.(meet).分步写作在学习、生活和工作中，学会与人合作是良好人际关系的具体体现，如何与人合作呢？请你根据下表中提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Good Partner”的英文演讲稿。为何合作 互相学习， 节省时间和精力与喜欢的人合作：心情愉快，同甘共苦与谁合作与不喜欢的人合作：学会容忍，发现优点怎样合作 你的观点 (至少 2 个)注意：1.对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；2词数 100 左右。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作

30、要点本写作要求写一篇演讲稿，属于应用文的范畴，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。主要从以下三个方面介绍合作的特点及方法：一是为何与人合作；二是与谁合作；三是怎样合作。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。要点 1：为何与人合作？Why_should_we_cooperate_with_others?19要点 2：与谁合作？With_whom_should_we_cooperate?要点 3：怎样合作？How_should_we_cooperate?第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道。如要点 1利用 as well as 清楚地表

31、达合作的原因，引起听众的兴趣；要点 2 从正反两方面列举与谁合作以及合作带给人的好处，其中可以利用 which 引导的定语从句， itbe adj.不定式， and 并列句及 put up with 等高级句型及表达；要点 3 开头使用特殊疑问句引出如何合作，通过列举要点及使用 if 引导的条件状语从句和祈使句，从而使要点更加具有说服力，同时使听众在潜移默化中学到很多合作方面的知识。拓展 1：合作是我们互相学习的好方法，也为我们节省很多时间和精力。(as well as)Cooperation_is_a_good_way_for_us_to_learn_from_each_other_as_w

32、ell_as_to_save_us_a_lot_of_time_and_energy.拓展 2：我们会很幸运地找到一个我们喜欢合作的人，这会让我们感到很开心。(which 引导的定语从句)We_will_be_lucky_enough_to_find_someone_we_like_to_cooperate_with,_which_will_make_us_feel_very_happy.拓展 2：很难和我们不喜欢的人合作。(itbe adj.不定式)It_can_be_difficult_to_team_up_with_someone_we_dislike.拓展 2：在这种情况下，我们要学会

33、容忍他的一些缺点，并努力发现他的优点。(and 并列句， put up with)In_this_case,_we_should_learn_to_put_up_with_some_of_his_shortcomings_and_try_to_discover_his_advantages.拓展 3：我们怎样才能成为好伙伴？(特殊疑问句开头)How_can_we_become_a_good_partner?拓展 3：在我看来，我们应该试着听取别人的意见。如果他犯了错误，试着用礼貌的方式指出来。(in my opinion, if 引导的条件状语从句)In_my_opinion,_we_shou

34、ld_try_to_listen_to_others_opinions.If_he_makes_mistakes,_try_to_point_them_out_in_a_polite_way.拓展 3：永远不要把你的想法强加给别人。(祈使句)Never_force_your_ideas_on_others.20第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡开头说明演讲的主题，用 The topic of my speech today .引出下文；中间列举要点，用到连接词如 however, firstly, besides 等；结尾用 Thank you for your listening！结束

35、演讲。整篇文章一气呵成，要点清晰，衔接连贯。Good_afternoon,_everyone!The_topic_of_my_speech_today_is_“Being_a_Good_Partner”Cooperation_is_a_good_way_for_us_to_learn_from_each_other_as_well_as_to_save_us_a_lot_of_time_and_energy.We_will_be_lucky_enough_to_find_someone_we_like_to_cooperate_with,_which_will_make_us_feel_ver

36、y_happy.However,_it_can_be_difficult_to_team_up_with_someone_we_dislike.In_this_case,_we_should_learn_to_put_up_with_some_of_his_shortcomings_and_try_to_discover_his_advantages.How_can_we_become_a_good_partner?_In_my_opinion,_firstly,_we_should_try_to_listen_to_others_opinions.If_he_makes_mistakes,_

37、try_to_point_them_out_in_a_polite_way.Besides,_never_force_your_ideas_on_others.Thank_you_for_your_listening!掌握阅读技能之(五) 概括概括能力要求较高，不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，还考查能从文中提炼要点、并对要点进行归纳、加工的能力。在高考试题中大多会问及短文主题、标题、作者的写作意图、短文的学科分类及读者对象等。高考典例 1 2016浙江卷C 篇Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws

38、light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes f

39、rom our babyhood. Perhaps evolution (进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive (认知的 ) systems that make young children feel good about figuring 21someth

40、ing该段谈到要从科学研究的角度看待儿童的发展，说我们追求科学的态度其实源于我们的儿童时代。由此概括出该段主旨是 B 项“研究婴儿的游戏或许有助于更好地理解科学” 。out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph?AThe worl

41、d may be more clearly explained through childrens play.BStudying babies play may lead to a better understanding of science.CChildren may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.DOnes drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.高考典例 2 2016江苏卷C 篇The most recent powe

42、rful ， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute ( ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrel

43、ief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.ODI的 数 据 分 析Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread

44、 of disease. Better sewers (下水道 ) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is

45、 related to El harmful effects and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are lea

46、st likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El ， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.22如 何 防 止 厄 尔 尼 诺 带 来 次 生 灾 害Q：What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El .CTo show ways of fighting against El .DTo urge people to prepare for El .作 者 从 上 面 两 个 方 面 鼓 励 人 们 以 正 向 心 态 积 极 应 对 厄 尔 尼 诺 现 象 。 故 选 D项 。