2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit23Conflict讲义北师大版选修8.doc

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1、1Unit 23 Conflict(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1nutrition n 营养2prejudice n. 偏见3racial adj. 种族之间的4community n. 社区5alcoholic n. 酗酒者，酒鬼6commercial n. (电视)广告7theoretical adj. 理论的8compass n. 纵联 1 指南针，罗盘9allowance n. _零用钱，津贴10confidential adj. 秘密的11firework n. 烟火，烟花12import vt. 进口.重点单词写其形1betray_ vt. 出卖2justice n. 公平，

2、公正3compromise n. 妥协，让步4departure n. 离开，离去25classify vt. 把分类6subscribe_ vi. 订阅(杂志或报纸)7tip n. 有用的建议8contradict vt. 反驳，纠正9greet vt. 问候，致意10sob vi. 抽泣，呜咽11criticise vt. 批评12swear vi. 发誓13acquaintance n 纵联 2 熟人；相识的人14sponsor vt. 纵联 3 赞助15despite prep. 不管16stable adj. 稳固的17unconscious adj.纵联 4 失去知觉的18expe

3、nse n. 费用，开支.拓展单词通其变1immigration n 移居；移民入境immigrate vi.移入immigrant n 移民2expose vt.暴露；使置身于危险中exposure n 暴露3appoint vt.任命，委任appointment n 任命，委任；约定appointed adj.约定的4possession n 私有物品possess vt.拥有；占有5representative n 代表represent vt.代表6distribute vt.分发，分配distribution n 分配；配给7consume vt.喝；消费，消耗consumer n

4、消费者consumption n 消费8strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强strength n 力量；力气strong adj.强壮的9intend vt.想要，打算intention n 意图；意向；目的10socialism n 社会主义socialist n 社会主义者 adj.社会主义的society n 社会11adolescent adj.青春期的 n 青少年adolescence n 青少年时期12remark vt.说起，谈到remarkable adj.不平常的纵联 1.“四大发明”全知道compass n 指南针，罗盘 printing n 印刷术3gunpowd

5、er n 火药 papermaking n 造纸纵联 2.朋友和周围的人partner n 伙伴；同伴 fellow n 同伴；伙伴acquaintance n 相识的人 roommate n 室友，舍友companion n 同伴；同事；伴侣 colleague n 同事，同僚纵联 3.“经济活动”相关动词小结distribute 分发，分配 invest 投资bid 出价；投标 advertise 做广告compete 竞争 promote 促销sponsor 赞助纵联 4.聚焦“un”前缀形容词uncertain 不确定的 uncommon 不常有的unconscious 失去知觉的 u

6、nfriendly 不友好的unaware 不知道的 unfortunate 不幸的unfair 不公平的 unlikely 不可能的unknown 未知的 unmarried 未婚的单元话题战争与冲突子话题 1 战争与冲突的类型violence n 暴力 argue vi.争辩，争论quarrel vi.争吵，吵架 conflict n 冲突，争执terrorism n 恐怖主义，恐怖行动fight v 打仗(架)，与打仗(架)子话题 2 解决战争与冲突的方法rescue v 营救，援救 protest n 抗议，反对investigate v 调查 defend vt.防守；保卫guard

7、 n 警卫 withdraw v 撤退，离开delegation n 代表团；授权，委托 proposal n 提议，建议declaration n 宣布，宣告 surrender v. 投降；放弃学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用41(2015陕西高考阅读 C)It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice. Th

8、ey can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.写出加黑词在本单元的同根动词：consume写出加黑词在本单元的近义介词：despite，该近义词的同义短语为 in_spite_of写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：expense，加黑词所在短语 at a higher cost 意为比较高的花费

9、2(2014安徽高考阅读 C)Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence “its a growingup thing; you stop when you grow up， ” says one. Other painful times are mentioned， such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so un

10、controllable that a steady serial (顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：adolescent，加黑词也可作名词，意为青少年用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：remarked写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：stable，加黑词也可作动词，意为使镇定3(2013江苏高考阅读 D) Twains racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) ab

11、out how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth mostly with white men performing in blackface and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest hi

12、s keen awareness that they did not.写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：种族之间的写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：representative，该同根名词也可作为形容词，意为典型的，有代表性的写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：偏见高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)我特别喜欢篮球，因为打篮球加强了我的身体健康。(strengthen)5I_am_particularly_fond_of_basketball_because_playing_basketball_strengthens_my_physical_health.2

13、(2015江苏高考书面表达)很多的事情引起了交通问题。尽管道路和公路的建设规模很大，但由于近年来汽车数量的不断增加，仍有很大的改善空间。(despite)Quite_a_few_things_give_rise_to_the_traffic_problem.Despite_the_largescale_construction_of_roads_and_highways,_there_is_still_much_room_for_improvement_because_of_the_ever_increasing_number_of_cars_these_years.3(2014陕西高考书面表

14、达)作为我们学校的代表，我对你们的到来表示热烈的欢迎。(representative)As_a_representative_of_our_school,_I_would_like_to_express_our_warm_welcome_to_you.(二)课堂重点释疑1betray vt.出卖，背叛记牢betray . to . 将出卖(泄露)给betray ones trust 辜负某人的信任betray oneself 暴露本来面目；原形毕露练通 完成句子The suspect was terrified of saying something that would make him b

15、etray_himself.嫌疑犯害怕说出暴露他本来面目的一些事情。It is typical of him never to betray_others_trust.从不辜负别人的信任，那是他一向的风格。The expression on his face betrayed_his_nervousness_to me.他面部的表情向我暴露了他的紧张。写美(2015陕西高考书面表达)我确信我绝不会辜负你的信任。如果你能给予我善意的关注，我将不胜感激。I_am_sure_that_I_will_never_betray_your_trust.I_would_appreciate_it_if_yo

16、u_could_give_me_a_kind_consideration.2distribute vt.分发，分配；散布，分布记牢(1)distribute sth. to 把某物分(配、发)给6distribute sth. among 在中分配/分发(2)distribution n. 分发；分配练通 单句语法填空The unfair distribution (distribute) of social resources has led to a series of serious problems in China and the government has decided to

17、take measures to improve it.The dealer appointed his assistant to distribute some new TV sets to the poor villages.The teacher was distributing the sweets among the children when a boy burst out crying.写美(2018北京高考书面表达)为了纪念这难忘的一天，活动结束后，大家手里拿着我分发给他们的茶包拍照留念。At_the_end_of_the_activity,_holding_the_tea_b

18、ags_distributed_to_them_by_me_in_our_hands,_we_took_a_picture_to_memorize_the_unforgettable_day.3expense n 费用，开支记牢at sb.s expenseat the expense of sb. 由某人付费at the expense of 以(损害)为代价spare no expense 不惜费用；不惜代价free of expense 免费练通 完成句子If you are not satisfied, please return it at_our_expense and your

19、money will be given back to you.如果你不满意，请寄还给我们，费用由我们承担，并且你的钱将退还给你。We will spare_no_expense to protect our country from being invaded.我们将不惜一切代价来保护我们的国家不受侵略。His fame was bought at_the_expense_of health and happiness.他获得了名声，牺牲了健康和幸福。写美(2016北京高考书面表达)地球日之前，我们班举行了一场热烈的讨论，大家一致同意，我们不能以牺牲我们的环境为代价发展经济。Before_E

20、arth_Day,_our_class_held_a_heated_discussion.All_agreed_on_the_suggestion_that_we_shouldnt_develop_our_economy_at_the_expense_of_our_environment.74appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定记牢(1)appoint sb. to be/as sth. 任命某人为appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事(2)appointment n. 任命，委任；约会make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会

21、keep/break an appointment 守/违约练通 单句语法填空I have an appointment (appoint) with Mary, but I need to change it.Its said that new headmaster has just been appointed to_manage (manage) the whole school. 完成句子Now that you have_made_an_appointment_with_your friend, you should keep_the_appointment.既然你已经和朋友约好了，

22、你就应该守约。I heard him saying to the nurse that he had_an_appointment_with the community patient at 9：00.我听他给护士说他 9 点钟与社区的病人有约。Sam has_been_appointed_as/to_be_manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.山姆已经被指定代替乔治担任工程部经理。写美(2016全国卷书面表达)不能和你一起按照约定的时间去书店，我很抱歉。Im_sorry_that_I_cannot_

23、go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_by_the_appointed_time.5possession n C私有物品，财产( pl.); U拥有，占有记牢(1)take/have possession of 占有，拥有sb.be in possession of sth.sth. be in the possession of sb.sth. be in ones possession 某物为某人所有(2)possess vt. 具有；占有；控制be possessed of 拥有，具有，占有练通8 单句改错/句型转换As we all know, the big ho

24、uses are peoples most valued possession.possessionpossessionsThe car is now in the possession of Tom.Tom is now in possession of the car. 完成句子My friend, Bob, _takes_possession_of most of the companys shares, and the rest are _in_the_possession_of other workers.我的朋友 Bob 拥有公司大多数股份，剩余的都由其他的员工持有。Althoug

25、h he doesnt_possess_much_money,_he is_possessed_of good health. 虽然他没有很多钱，但是他拥有健康的身体。用准 in possession of“拥有，占有”的主语常是人，表示主动；in the possession of 主语常是事物，表示“被占有(拥有)” 。与之用法类似的常见短语还有：in charge of“负责” ， in the charge of “由负责” ；in control of “控制” ，in the control of“由控制” 。写美(2014全国卷书面表达)那时候我将 28 岁了。将有自己的家庭，也

26、许会有一个可爱的孩子。I_will_be_twentyeight_years_old_by_then.I_will_possess_my_own_family,_probably_with_a_lovely_child.6intend vt.想要，打算；设计，计划记牢(1)intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事had intended to do sth.intended to have done sth.本打算做某事(2)intended adj. 打算的；计划的be intended for 专供使用；专为设计(

27、3)intention n. 意图，打算，计划have no intention of doing sth.不打算做某事；无意做某事with the intention of 为了，以为目的或意图练通 单句语法填空9I intended to_make/making (make) full use of this summer holiday to travel to the places where I want to go.He intends his secretary to_draw (draw) up the important document. 句型转换They had inte

28、nded to go into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.They_intended to have gone into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams. 完成句子The advertisement is_intended_for the students of all ages.这个广告是专门针对各个年龄段的学生的。He left his hometown with_the_i

29、ntention_of looking for a good job in the big city.他离开家乡，打算到大城市寻找一份好工作。Mary has_no_intention_of marrying Tom this winter.Mary 没有打算今年冬季嫁给 Tom。写美(2014广东高考书面表达)Richard 计划 40 岁生日前找到 40 位同年同月同日生的人且根据此经历写一本书。Richard_intends_to_find_40_time_twins_before_his_40th_birthday_and_he_is_going_to_write_a_book_bas

30、ed_on_this_experience.7remark vt. therefore, Ill put him forward as a candidate. 推荐You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes to avoid coming late.拨快They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.提前记牢put aside 保留；把放在一边；留出(一段时间)；储存(备用)put away 把收拾起来；存钱put down 记下，写下；镇压put off 推迟，

31、延期put out 关(灯)；出版，发布；生产put up 建造；张贴；安排住宿put up with 忍受；忍耐练通 单句语法填空I am so busy that I cant put aside time to accompany my family.Parents are coming back, and youd better put away these things, or the room is in a mess.The school put up a notice to remind the students that the sports meet had been pu

32、t off until the next weekend.He wont put up with anyone questioning his decisions.写美(2016北京高考书面表达)我们班提出的方案是充分利用使用过的材料。The_plan_put_forward_by_our_class_is_to_make_the_best_of_used_materials.3look into 调查；了解记牢look up 仰视；查阅look up to sb. 尊敬某人look forward to 盼望look down upon/on 轻视，瞧不起look back on/at 回顾

33、18look through 浏览；仔细查看look ahead (to sth.) 展望未来；为将来设想练通 单句语法填空She was looking through the document when her secretary walked into her office.He is a famous headmaster who has made contributions to our school, so everyone looks up to him.The children are looking forward to receiving (receive) lucky m

34、oney in the Spring Festival from their parents or relatives. 完成句子You can look_up_abundant_useful_information on the Internet if you can make full use of your computer.如果你充分使用你的电脑的话，你就能查找到很多有用的信息。Nobody will look_up_to_you if you look_down_on/upon_yourself.如果你自己都瞧不起自己，没有人会瞧得起你。It is time for us to lo

35、ok_back_on_the_past_and_look_ahead_to_the_future when the new year comes.当新年到来时，该是我们回顾过去、展望未来的时候了。写美(2018全国卷书面表达)我盼望着你的到来并在不久的将来和我一起体验它。Im_looking_forward_to_your_arrival_and_joining_me_in_experiencing_it_in_the_near_future.句式集释1no sooner . than .教材原句 No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began

36、 and rarely did they get a full nights sleep.悟拓展例句(1)(2014陕西高考)No_sooner_had_Mo_Yan_stepped_on_the_stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.莫言一走上舞台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(2)(2014湖北高考)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said 19sharply， “Dont be so mean， ”pointing a finger of warnin

37、g at her.Sabrina 的话音刚落，Albert 就冲她伸出一根手指表示警告，并且厉声说：“别那么小气” 。析用法规则用法归纳(1)no sooner . than .表示“一就；刚就” ，主句常用过去完成时，than 从句中常用一般过去时。当 no sooner 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。(2)类似句型：hardly/scarcely . when .。背写作佳句(1)(2017北京高考写作佳句)No sooner had we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school than we took ac

38、tions.(开头句)(2)(2018北京高考满分作文)Hardly had the foreign students arrived at the tea house when they were attracted immediately by the unique tea pots and tea cups.(要点句)2the比较级 .，the比较级 .教材原句 In fact, the_more_ I use the bike, the_more weight I seem to put on, despite following the instruction manual care

39、fully.悟拓展例句(1)(2014全国卷)The_more you learn and the_more you try, the_more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.你学的与尝试的越多，你就会有越多控制你食物和日程的能力。(2)The_warmer the weather is, the_better the crops will grow.天气越暖和，庄稼长得就越好。(3)The_sooner,_the better.越快越好。析用法规则用法归纳(1)the比较级 .，the比较级 .

40、意为“越，就越” ，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。(2)从结构上看，第一个“the比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the比较级”是主句。(3)此结构可以用省略形式。背写作佳句(1)(2014全国卷满分作文)I think the more you travel around the world, the more colorful your life become.(要点句)20(2)(2014福建高考满分作文)My father came and encouraged me that the more y

41、ou practiced, the better you did well in your riding.(总结句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空hand over， hold out， be exposed to， sort out， look into， give in， call in， send for， come about， keep ones word1Stubborn as he was, he finally gave_in.2He is reliable, for he always keeps_his_word.3The old man made a will to

42、hand_over all his money to the girl.4Your mother is ill and you must send_for a doctor now.5I dont know how the accident came_about that night.6They set up a working group to look_into the problem.7The workers are_exposed_to unacceptable highlevel radiation.8The food is running out and I dont know h

43、ow long we can hold_out.9If you cant sort_out the difficulty yourself, I will ask Tom to help you.10Two policemen have been called_in to help solve the problem.完成句子/一句多译1我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我生命中最快乐的时光。I_like_to_look_back_on_my_high_school_days,_which were the happiest in my life.2这么重要的会议他怎么会迟到呢？How_did_it

44、_come_about that he was late for such an important meeting?3我总是持有这一信念：人们拥有的越多，想要的也就越多。Ive always held the belief that the_more_people_have,_the_more_they_want.4他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。The students started cheering as_soon_as he finished his speech.The students started cheering immediately/directly/instantl

45、y he finished his speech.The students started cheering the_moment/minute/instant he finished his speech.No_sooner_had_he_finished_his_speech than the students started cheering.Hardly/Scarcely_had_he_finished_his_speech when the students started 21cheering.分步写作假如你是李华，昨天晚饭时你的同学 Mary 告诉你她打算报考历史专业，但是你说了

46、打击她的话，令她很失望。请用英语给她写一封道歉信，要点如下：1向她表示道歉；2表达你现在的认识；3请求她的原谅。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。需要从以下三部分表达要点：一是向她表示道歉；二是表达你现在的认识；三是请求她的原谅。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。要点 1：向她表示道歉。Make_an_apology_to_her.要点 2：表达你现在的认识。Express_your_attitude_toward_it.要点 3：请求她的原谅。Show_you

47、r_feelings_to_get_her_forgiveness.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道，如对要点1 可补充道歉的原因，表达时可通过添加一些 what，that 引导的宾语从句及使用 what was worse 等高级句型和表达，使表达歉意更加真诚，易于接受；在要点 2 中可补充内容“无可辩驳，我说的话不合适，而且我也知道从一位朋友那儿得到这样沮丧的回应会让你多么的失望” ，可用 and 连接两个并列句，其中穿插 what 引导的宾语从句，首先承认自己所说的不合适，再次表达因此而给彼此带来的不好影响，让自己对

48、错误的认识更加深刻；要点3 使用 that 引导的宾语从句，表达自己的渴望。拓展 1：我写信是为我昨天在吃饭的时候给你说的话而道歉。(what 引导的宾语从句)Im_writing_to_make_an_apology_for_what_I_said_to_you_at_dinner_yesterday.拓展 1：我不应该告诉你历史是一门无用的专业。 (that 引导的宾语从句)I_shouldnt_have_told_you_that_history_was_a_useless_major.22拓展 1：更加糟糕的是，我没有考虑就说了这些话，也没有考虑你的感受。(what was worse)What_was_worse,_I_said_these_words_without_thinking_and_didnt_take_