2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit22EnvironmentalProtection讲义北师大版选修8.doc

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1、1Unit 22 Environmental Protection (一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1ecology n 生态2botanical adj. 植物的3consultant n. 顾问4corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的5conservation n. 保护6consensus n. 一致的意见7species n. 纵联 1 (动植物的)物种8habitat n. 栖息地9enforce vt. 实施，执行10scale n. 规模，范围11evolution n. (生物)进化.重点单词写其形1endanger vt. 危害2trap vt. 使困住3princi

2、ple n. 纵联 2 原则，道德准则4beyond prep. 超出5relevant adj. 有关的6coincidence n. 巧合7condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地8sacrifice vt. the way to do/of (doing) sth.; the method of (doing) sth.等。写美(2015重庆高考书面表达)通过定向分享，我只需要把书传递给其他参与者。书不仅能够共享，还可以搭建一座连接世界各地读者的桥梁。By_means_of_controlled_release,_I_only_need_to_deliver_books_to_

3、other_participants.Not_only_are_books_shared_but_they_can_build_up_a_bridge_connecting_readers_from_different_parts_of_the_world.9coincidence n 巧合；同时发生；一致，相符记牢(1)by coincidence 碰巧，巧合的是It is/was a coincidence that . 是巧合的What a coincidence! 真巧！(2)coincident adj. 巧合的，重合的；一致的，相符的练通 单句语法填空By coincidence,

4、 my husband and I have the same birthday.The result of the game was coincident (coincidence) with our expectation. 完成句子/一句多译真巧！我从没想到会在这里遇见你。What_a_coincidence! I never dreamed of meeting you here.当他受伤时，碰巧有辆救护车经过。It_was_a_coincidence_that_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.By_coincidence

5、,_an ambulance was passing by when he got injured.写美(2016全国卷书面表达)任何有兴趣的同学都能参加。巧合的是，你拍照好而且一直想为环保做些事情。Any_student_who_is_interested_is_welcome_to_participate.By_coincidence,_you12_take_good_pictures_and_youve_always_wanted_to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.10considerate adj.体贴的，想得周到的 记牢(1)c

6、onsideration n 考虑；体谅，关心，体贴under consideration 在考虑中take . into consideration 把考虑在内；考虑(2)considerable adj. 相当大的；相当多的(3)considering prep. 考虑到(4)consider v. 考虑；认为consider sb./sth. to be/as .认为是；把看作 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事练通 单句语法填空Considering what she has done for us, we consider her as a very consider

7、ate person.(consider)Mothers Day is coming, and Im considering purchasing (purchase) a gift for Mum, one that is to her taste.Changing this situation requires considerable (consider)effort on the part of everyone.Everything taken into consideration (consider), they believed themselves more qualified

8、 for the job.The plan he put forward at the meeting is under consideration now and the result will be put up soon. 句式升级He took all the aspects into consideration and decided to study abroad.Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(现在分词短语作状语)All_the_aspects_taken_into_co

9、nsideration,_he_decided_to_study_abroad.(独立主格)写美(2012江苏高考书面表达)不要以自我为中心，尽量要想得周到。我们一定要学会13冷静而理智地处理争执。Dont_be_selfcentered_and_try_to_be_considerate.We_must_learn_to_handle_conflicts_calmly_and_wisely.11sacrifice v or_else I wouldnt have believed him.7The thief broke_away_from the policeman and ran awa

10、y.8If you stick to that, you shall answer_for the consequences.9Its a good composition, apart_from a few spelling mistakes.10When you write your composition, you can refer_to any book you like.完成句子1Ironically, this may lead_to_doing_more_instead_of_less.具有讽刺意味的是，这可能会导致做更多而不是更少。2Apart_from_Beijing_an

11、d_Shanghai,_we also visited some other cities during the holiday.除了北京和上海，假期里我们还参观了一些其他城市。3The National Day this year witnessed_so_many_traffic_jams on the expressway.今年的国庆节，高速公路上发生了很多交通堵塞。4Given_that_you_are_sick,_wed better put off the meeting.考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。5But_for/Without_your_help,_we couldnt

12、 have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们是不会成功的。.分步写作假定你是李华，想邀请你校留学生 Jack 和全班同学周六去 Green Village 感受美丽乡村。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1表达邀请的意愿；2乡村介绍；3活动安排；4往返时间、方式。23注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作属于应用文中的邀请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。邀请信的写作需要委婉含蓄，但需要点清楚，所以本文写作需要从以下四方面着手：要点 1，表达邀请的意愿；要点 2，乡村介绍；要点 3，活动安排；要点 4，往返时间、方式

13、。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。要点 1：我是李华。我写信邀请你参观这个地区的 Green Village。下面看一下吧。Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.要点 2：介绍乡村。Introduce_the_countryside.要点 3：活动安排。Make_the_arrangement_about_activity.要点 4：介绍往返时间、方式。Introduce_the_time_and_way_of_going_and_returnin

14、g.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容充实，我们需要对要点进行完善升级，使之更加完美、地道。如要点 1 可使用同位语；要点 2 可补充内容“这座迷人的村庄距市中心大约 5 英里，被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围”及“村民们很友好，他们总是热情地欢迎游客” ，表达时可用并列句及一些高级词汇；要点 3 可添加具体活动安排如“我们将花两小时参观当地的博物馆，这将是一个了解这个村庄悠久历史的机会”及“在那之后，我们将独自在村子里旅行” ，表达时可用 sb.spend 时间in doing sth.的结构及 which 引导的定语从句使要点更加形象，增加文章的亮点，同时可使用表示时间先后顺

15、序的短语，使要点更加详细具体；要点4 可使用 and 并列句使往返时间及方式一目了然。拓展 1：我是李华。我写信邀请你参观这个地区的一座迷人的村庄，Green Village。下面看一下吧。(同位语)Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village,_a_charming_village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.拓展 2：这座迷人的村庄 Green Village 距离市中心大约 5 英里，被绿色的田野和茂密的森林所包围。(介词短语， be surrounded by)An_attra

16、ctive_village_about_five_miles_from_downtown,_Green_Village_is_surr24ounded_by_green_fields_and_thick_forests.拓展 2：村民们很友好，他们总是热情地欢迎游客。(and 并列句， enthusiastic)The_villagers_are_friendly_and_they_always_give_visitors_an_enthusiastic_welcome.拓展 3：我们将花两个小时参观当地的博物馆，这将是一个了解这个村庄悠久历史的机会。(sb.spend 时间(in)doing

17、 sth., which 引导的定语从句)Were_going_to_spend_two_hours_exploring_the_local_museum,_which_will_be_an_opportunity_to_learn_about_the_long_history_of_the_village.拓展 3：在那之后，我们将独自在村子里旅行。(after that)After_that,_we_shall_travel_through_the_village_by_ourselves.拓展 4：我们计划在本星期六 9 点在校门口集合，下午乘公共汽车回来。(and 并列句)We_pla

18、n_to_meet_at_the_school_gate_at_9_am.this_Saturday_and_come_back_in_the_afternoon_by_bus.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡开头发出邀请；中间列举要点，利用各种高级词汇及表达，使句式要点之间工整协调；结尾利用 if 引导的条件状语从句，表达作者的殷切期望。Dear_Jack，Im_Li_Hua._Im_writing_to_invite_you_to_visit_Green_Village,_a_charming_village_in_this_area._Heres_a_look_at_it.An_

19、attractive_village_about_five_miles_from_downtown,_Green_Village_is_surrounded_by_green_fields_and_thick_forests._The_villagers_are_friendly_and_they_always_give_visitors_an_enthusiastic_welcome._Were_going_to_spend_two_hours_exploring_the_local_museum,_which_will_be_an_opportunity_to_learn_about_th

20、e_long_history_of_the_village._After_that,_we_shall_travel_through_the_village_by_ourselves.We_plan_to_meet_at_the_school_gate_at_9_am._this_Saturday_and_come_back_in_the_afternoon_by_bus._If_you_will_join_us,_please_email_me_soon.Yours，Li_Hua25掌握阅读技能之(三) 猜测有时候，未知的生词对阅读来说存在很大的障碍，对上下文的理解至关重要，我们必须知道这些

21、词的精确含义。那么，如何排除这些障碍呢？此时，了解推理和猜测单词的方法就特别重要，它们大致有以下几种：1重述 作者为了使某一难词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号与句子的其他部分隔开(有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号)或用信号词、同位语引导。常见的信号词有：or, namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way 等。典例(2015天津卷阅读 C 节选) In the library, I found my

22、way into the “Childrens Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,_the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.分析由同位语“the first and only animal companion

23、”的解释说明可以猜出 beagle 为“一种动物” 。2定义作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其常出现在一些科普类、社科类及与专业内容相关的文章中。下定义时，作者通常使用信号词，如 i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as 等。典例(2015北京卷阅读 C 节选) Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.分析通过本句中的定义“the same way li

24、ght passes through a window”可知，transparent 应意为“透明的” 。3举例作者常常会通过对某一难词给出具体的例子，帮助考生理解该词的词义。举例常用的信号词有：such as, such .as, for example, for instance, like, including, especially 等。典 (2016全国卷阅读 D 节选) Readers also tended to share articles that 26例 were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings l

25、ike anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.分析根据下文的举例“like anger or anxiety”可推知，画线部分的意思应是“消极的” 。4同义词或近义词在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。5反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether)or, unlike, b

26、ut, yet, however, while, although, nevertheless, instead, rather than, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand 等。典例(2015福建卷阅读 E 节选)If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.73.The

27、 underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “_”A.cheerful BaverageC.serious Dtemporary分析根据上文语境，upbeat 应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反，故本题正确选项为 A 项。典例(2017全国卷阅读 A 节选)By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creat

28、es a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.分析根据上文“By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL”中的 translating可知，interpretation 与 translating 同义，意为“翻译” 。276构词法英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。典例(2016全国卷阅读 D 节选) A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,_or worry.分析根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness 为名词后缀，easy (舒适的)为词根。因此，我们可猜测 uneasiness 为“不安；担忧”之意。