2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit21HumanBiology讲义北师大版选修7.doc

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1、1Unit 21 Human Biology(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1enhance vt. 增强；提高2supreme adj. (程度)最大的，极度的3compulsory adj. 强制性的，义务的4controversial adj. 有争议的5contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾6interpret vt. 翻译；解释7acute adj. 严重的；剧烈的8statistics n. 统计资料；统计数字9adaptation n. 变化；变种10mourn vi. stand; put up with 等。 5submit vt.提交；递交 vi.服从，屈服记

2、牢submit to 服从于；屈从于submit sb./oneself to 使某人/自己甘受；服从submit .to . 向提交练通 完成句子The heroic people will never submit_to foreign rule.8英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。You must submit_yourself_to the traffic rules when driving.开车时你必须遵守交通规则。I will submit_my_reports_to you as soon as possible.我会尽快把报告提交给你。用准 在 submit . to .中，

3、submit 是及物动词，意为“呈交” ；而在 submit to 中，submit 是不及物动词，意为“服从” 。写美(2014辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创意之外，你还需要向学生会提交一份报告，解释你是如何想到这个点子的，以及你使用了哪些材料。Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.6seek (sought，sought) v

4、t.寻找，寻求；追求；探求，探索；试图记牢seek sth.from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物seek (after/for) sb./sth. 追求/寻找某人/某物seek ones fortune 找出路；碰运气seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth. 试图做某事练通 单句语法填空Half an hour later, he sought out his favorite toy in the basket, which made him very happy.He sought to_climb (climb) over the fence, but failed.

5、The foreigners have sought help from the local government. 完成句子If you want to_seek_for/after_success,_you must work hard.如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。He told us that he was going to Beijing to_seek_his_fortune.他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。写美(2014广东高考书面表达)为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义，理查德从 2011 年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。In_order_to_understand_t

6、he_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures9,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.7equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备记牢(1)equip .with . 用装备equip .for sth./to do sth. 为(做)某事而装备be equipped for/to do sth. 为(做)某事装备好；做好准备equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事(2)equipment n U 装备，设备练通 单

7、句语法填空My father always reminds me to equip myself for the future.Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.His work experience equipped him to_deal (deal) with all kinds of people.Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.(equip) 单句改错Equipping with new

8、 scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.EquippingEquippedI am going to buy telephone equipments for our company.equipmentsequipment写美(2018全国卷书面表达)此外，由于我们学校配备了各种设施，各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_ran

9、ge_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.8decline vi.&vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n 下降；衰退辨清 写出下列句中 decline 的词性和含义I invited her to my wedding, but she declined my invitation. vt.谢绝The company reported a small decline in its profits.n.下降As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on the decline since the 1

10、970s. n.衰退10记牢(1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事decline to 下降/减少到decline by 下降/减少了(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降in decline 下降on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退练通 单句语法填空There has been a sharp decline in/of the amounts of sales this year.The number of tourists to the resort decline

11、d by 10 percent last month.The company, however, now declines to_comment (comment) further on the subject. 完成句子His health_fell_into_a_decline after he was injured in the accident.在事故中受伤后，他的健康状况每况愈下。Theres a widelyheld belief that educational standards have_been_on_the_decline in the past few years.人

12、们普遍认为过去几年教育标准下降了。用准 decline 后接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词；decline 表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接 to accept，以免语义重复。写美(2017江苏高考书面表达)然而，去年中国的经济增长率有所下降。However,_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.9fortune n 财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气记牢(1)seek/try ones fortune 找出路；碰运气make a fortune 发财(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的

13、(lucky)be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(luckily)练通 单句语法填空11It was fortunate (fortune) enough that he found his lost wallet at last.What a difficult test! Fortunately (fortunate) I had worked hard, otherwise I would have failed.She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon

14、 as she graduated from the university. 完成句子Many young people want to live in big cities to seek/try_their_fortune.许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路。He made_a_fortune in the gold fields of South Africa.他在南非的金矿里发了财。写美(2014湖北高考书面表达)幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_ne

15、arest_hospital.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily.2The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog.3You should seek (寻求) advice from your lawyer on this matter.4Under the circumstances (情况), we must rely on ourselves.5They were accused of abusing (滥用) their

16、 power to keep prices artificially high.6As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的 ) to the growth of the plants.7The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.8Due to bad management, company profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years.9This weekly (每周一

17、次的 ) schedule may not solve all of your problems, but it will make you aware of how you spend your time.10With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.12.单句语法填空1I am very much opposed to permitting (permit) him to go alone.2Lets postpone m

18、aking (make) a decision until we have more information.3He has declined to_come (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.4Having been used to warm climate, Li Ming cant tolerate living (live) in such a cold place.5We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around

19、us.6If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals.7You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes.8We shared the belief that if youre fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you

20、should put something back.9He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us from leaving.10Our parents are concerned (concern) about our health and future.单句改错1He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year.made 后加 a2The number of population in that country is now in the decl

21、ine.去掉第二个 the3I oppose to destroy the relics, because of its fame around the world and its long history since 1906._destroydestroying4The tobacco retail businessmen were strictly prohibited selling cigarettes to young men under 18.selling 前加 from5He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for

22、 the new school.equipmentsequipment.完成句子1I oppose/am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.我反对星期天去购物，因为太拥挤了。2I must remind you that at no time will_the_school_tolerate_cheating_in_exams.我必须提醒你，学校绝不会容忍考试作弊。133I didnt know why the boy declined_to_answer a question.我不知道那个男孩为什么拒绝回答问

23、题。4They always look for excuses to postpone_doing_something.他们总是找借口推迟做某事。5We are_submitting_the_proposal_to the committee for their approval.我们正把建议提交委员会审批。(一)课前自主学习1in_vain 徒然，白费力气2at_random 随便地，随意地3at_all_costs 不管多大代价4straight_away 串记 1 立刻，马上5wipe_out 彻底毁灭6stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭7rob_sb.of_st

24、h. 抢劫某人某物8at_any_rate 无论如何；至少9get_down_to 串记 2 开始做10bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐11get_through 通过(考试)；完成12clear_up 串记 3 放晴；解释；澄清13put_off 推迟；延期14miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会15focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准同根短语串记串记 1.“立即，即刻”短语全接触at once 立即 right now/away 立刻straight away 立刻，马上 in no time 立刻，马上in a flash 即刻 in an instant 立即；马上14串记 2.“开

25、始/着手做某事”短语精选get down to doing sth. set out to do sth.set about doing sth. settle down to sth.start/begin doing/to do sth.串记 3.clear 短语荟萃clear up 解释；澄清；放晴 clear away 把收拾整洁clear off 溜掉，离开 clear out 把清理干净 1track and field 田径运动2athletic performances 运动成绩3in the wrong hands 错误地4the desire to succeed 获得成功

26、的愿望5beyond their natural limits 超出了自然极限6thorough and systematic medical research全面系统的医学研究7the issue of performanceenhancing drugs提高成绩的药物问题8with all the international effort being made随着国际间的共同努力9pass the virus to people 把病毒传染给人们1It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested_ but other participants are on

27、ly tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。2The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。3Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency

28、 to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.15西班牙流感在 18 个月内使多达 5 千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的人而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词块与句式1(2016江苏高考阅读 B)A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children bef

29、ore their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)at_any_rate2(2015陕西高考阅读 D)Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)focused_on高考采撷(二) 写作中的词块与句式(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)希望你不要错过这次活

30、动。我相信通过影片你能更好地了解我们学校。(miss out)Hopefully,_you_dont_miss_out_the_activity.I_have_the_confidence_that_you_will_know_our_school_better_through_the_film.2(2018全国卷书面表达)此外，你最好带一些小礼物，比如一本书(It is adj. for sb.to do .)Furthermore,_it_is_advisable_for_you_to_bring_some_small_gifts,_like_a_book.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1at

31、 any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少记牢at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of 以的速度或比率；以的价格练通 完成句子You should make an adjustment about your behaviors at_any_rate.16你至少应该对你的行为作出调整。At_this_rate,_we wont make it to the destination before 5 oclock.照此情形，5 点之前我们是不能到达目的地的。The driver was driving at_the/a_rate_of 100

32、 kilometres an hour on the free way.司机在高速公路上以每小时 100 公里的速度开车。写美(2014湖北高考书面表达)在我看来，我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。In_my_opinion,_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.2wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁记牢wipe away 擦掉，清除掉wipe sth. off/from 从上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)wipe sth. with sth. 用擦wipe up 擦干净练通

33、完成句子The storm wiped_the_building_out only in two hours.在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。He wiped_away the sweat from his brow with the back of his hand.他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水。The flowing water wiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/from the sand.流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉。I wiped_up_the_ground after children left the room.孩

34、子们离开房间后，我把地上的东西擦干净了。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能毁灭人们的生活。The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_wipe_out_peoples_life.3at all costs 无论如何，不管多大代价记牢at the cost/expense of . 牺牲；以为代价17at a cost of . 以的费用/价格at any cost at all costs

35、在任何情况下；无论如何at cost 按成本价练通 完成句子Economic growth must not be achieved at_the_cost_of environment or resources.发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价。The work is so urgent that we must finish it before 6 at_all_costs/at_any_cost.这项工作如此紧急，以至于我们无论如何得在 6 点前完成。You can buy the books at_cost on the Internet.你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书。写美(

36、2015安徽高考书面表达)如果我能采访他，无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的。If_I_could_interview_him,_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.句式集释1It is adj.for sb. to do教材原句 It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants are only tested at random.悟拓展例句(1)(2017江苏高考)It_would_be_difficult_for_devel

37、oped_countries_to_maintain the size of population.对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模。(2)It_is_very_clever_of_them to make good use of the Internet.他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。析用法规则用法归纳(1)“It is adj.for sb. to do .”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物。这类形容词有 difficult, easy, hard, important, 18dangerous, impossible 等。(2)“It is adj.of sb.to do .”结构中的形容词

38、描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有 kind, good, right, clever, foolish, stupid, wise, rude 等。(1)若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用 of sb.，反之用for sb.。注意事项(2)of 后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系；而 for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系。背写作佳句(1)(2017北京高考满分作文)It is wise of us to make a video to record our experiences at school.(开头句)(2)(2017全国卷满分作文)I

39、ts difficult for a foreign learner to understand the true meaning and culture of Tang poems.(要点句)(3)(2018全国卷满分作文)It will be not only meaningful but also interesting for you to enjoy the movie.(要点句)2并列连词 rather than教材原句 The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_

40、than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.悟拓展例句(1)Nowadays some teenagers prefer_to_chat online with strangers rather_than_talk_with their parents face to face.如今，一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话。(2)(2014陕西高考)We would rather our daughter stayed_at_home_with_us,_but it is her ch

41、oice, and she is not a child any longer.我们宁愿女儿和我们待在家里，但这是她的选择，她不再是孩子了。析用法规则用法归纳(1)rather than 常用于下列结构中：prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.would rather do sth.than do sth.(2)would rather从句，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，过去完成时表示过去的愿望。19注意事项(1)rather than 为并列连词，表示选择，意为“而不是”

42、 。它通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即 rather than 前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致。(2)rather than 连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。背写作佳句(1)(2017北京高考满分作文)Personally, I would rather walk along the Yangtze River than climb the Mount Tai.(要点句)(2)(2015重庆高考满分作文)Of the two, I prefer to choose the latter rather than select

43、 the former.(要点句)(3)(2015上海高考满分作文)The reason why I am in favor of the picture in the top right corner is that it is simple and apparent rather than dull and isolating.(要点句)3sb./sth. be believed动词不定式教材原句 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit r

44、ather than the old, the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_been the most acute epidemic in history.悟拓展例句(1)Tom is believed to_be (be) the child they are looking for.人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子。(2)The company is said to_be_advertising (advertise) for a sales manager, and you can have a try.据说这家公司正在登广告招聘一名销售经理，你可以

45、去试一下。(3)The professor is reported to have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.Its_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeeded in carrying out this experiment.据报道这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。析用法规则(1)“sb./sth. be believed动词不定式”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)，被认为是/做” ，此结构可以和 It is believed that 或People believe 互换。常用于这种句型的动词

46、有say/hope/think/report/know 等。用法归纳(2)动词不定式用完成时，强调动作发生在主句动作之前；用进行时，强调20动作正在进行；用一般现在时，强调动作与主句动作(几乎)同时发生，或之后发生。背写作佳句(1)(2018江苏高考满分作文)Depending entirely on the ratings in consumption is generally believed to be unwise.(要点句)(2)(2018天津高考满分作文)It is said that you have had a good performance in the robotics

47、skill contest.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空in vain， wipe out， bring up， at random， miss out， put off， focus on， get through， stop sth.in its tracks， at all costs1The noise outsides made it hard for me to focus_on study.2The people for the experiment were chosen completely at_random.3We must at_all_costs pr

48、event them from finding out about the plan.4Its not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.5Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.6I have tried very hard to find out a solution to the problem，but in_vain.7They have decided to put_off holding the meeting because of the bad weather.8Ill just read through the form again to make sure I havent missed anything out.9They stopped attack in_its_tracks when they saw the tiger charging t