2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit13People讲义北师大版必修5.doc

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1、1Unit 13 People(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1selfassessment n 自我评估2lawyer n. 律师3physicist n. 物理学家4uniform n. 制服5chain n. 链条；一连串的事物6athletic adj. 喜爱运动的7harvest n. 收获8airline n. 航空公司，航空线9assistant n. 助手，助理10academic adj. 学术的.重点单词写其形1weakness n. 弱点，缺陷2accuse vt. 控告，谴责3possibility n. 可能性4confirm v. 证实5desire n. 渴望，

2、欲望26account n. (银行)账户7deserve vt. 纵联 1 应得，值得8gifted adj. 有天赋的9satisfaction n. 满意，满足10previous_ adj. 以前的，过去的11gain vt. 纵联 2 获得；增加12positive adj. 积极的13upset adj. 纵联 3 不安的，不快的14guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的15parttime adv. 部分时间地16disability n. 纵联 4 残疾；无能力17fault_ n. 错误；缺点18requirement n. 纵联 5 要求19grateful adj. 感谢

3、的，感激的.拓展单词通其变1strength n 长处，优势strengthen v 增强strong adj.强壮的2concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)concentration n 专心，专注3associate vt.联想，联系association n 联想；协会4expression n 表情；词语；感情express vt.表达，表示 n.快递5accurately adv.精确地，准确地accurate adj.精确的，准确的accuracy n 精确6description n 描述，形容describe v 描写，描述describer n 描述者7pred

4、ict vt.预言，预测prediction n 预测，预告predictor n 预言家8independent adj.独立的independence n 独立depend vi.依赖，依靠9relief n 减轻，宽慰relieve v 使安慰，缓解10anxiety n 忧虑，担心anxious adj.忧虑的；焦急的anxiously adv.忧虑地11judge vt.评判 n 法官judgement n 判断；判断力12devote vt.专心致志于，献身于devotion n 奉献devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的纵联 1.“词中词”法帮你记servedeserve 值得

5、antdistant 遥远的3havebehave 表现 armharm 伤害plainexplain 解释 starstarve 挨饿endtend 趋向纵联 2.“获得”动词集锦gain winacquire obtainearn getachieve fulfill纵联 3.不要“不安或烦恼”bother disturbtrouble annoyirritate upsetuneasy nervous纵联 4.识记含“dis”否定前缀的单词dislike v 不喜欢；厌恶 disagree v 不同意disappear v 消失 disadvantage n 不利条件；弱点disbeli

6、eve v 不信；怀疑 disobey v 不服从；违抗disability n 残疾纵联 5.盘点含后缀“ment”的名词movement 运动 development 发展improvement 改善 equipment 设备arrangement 安排 requirement 要求establishment 建立 management 管理agreement 协议单元话题个人情况及与人相处子话题 1 优秀品质considerate adj.体贴的 respectful adj.恭敬的enthusiastic adj.热情的 merciful adj.仁慈的modest adj.谦虚的 r

7、eliable adj.可信赖的patient adj.有耐心的子话题 2 和谐相处4harmony n 和谐 harmonious adj.和谐的friendly adj.友好的 cooperate vi.合作admirable adj.值得赞赏的 consult vt.请教；商量accompany vt.陪同 congratulate vt.祝贺congratulation n 祝贺 promote vt.促进；提升子话题 3 争执与冲突conflict n 冲突 friction n 冲突，不和prejudice n 偏见 tension n. 紧张气氛abandon vt.舍弃 abu

8、se vt.辱骂condemn vt.指责 embarrass vt.使尴尬学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用1(2017北京高考阅读 D)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are no

9、t careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The (possible) of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists.写出

10、加黑词在本单元的同根名词：disability用所给词的适当形式填空：possibility写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：集中(注意力)2(2009浙江高考任务型阅读)You cant be everything to everybody. Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses. To be effective, you need to identify your strengths and concentrate them. Youll become more successful if you are able to channel

11、your efforts to areas that you do best. In business, for example, if you know you are good at marketing, then give it full play. Seek help or assistance in areas that you may be poor at, such as accounting or bookkeeping.To turn your weakness into strength, consider taking handson learning or traini

12、ng.写出加黑词块在此处的汉语意思：优势和劣势处应填介词：on5写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：assistant写出加黑词在本单元的名词形式：account高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2016全国卷书面表达)这个暑假我打算在外企做份兼职工作，通过做兼职工作，我想拓宽一下我的视野、获得一些工作经验并结识一些新朋友。(parttime, gain)This_summer_vacation_I_intend_to_take_up_a_parttime_job_in_a_foreign_company,_through_which_I_would_like_to_b

13、roaden_my_horizons,_gain_some_working_experience_and_meet_some_new_friends.2(2015陕西高考书面表达)我保证我一定不会辜负你们的期望。如果你们能好好考虑一下(我的申请)的话，我将不胜感激。(grateful)I_am_sure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations._I_will_be_grateful_if_you_could_give_me_a_kind_consideration.(二)课堂重点释疑1concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等

14、)记牢(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 聚精会神于(做)某事concentrate ones attention/energy . on/upon (doing) .集中某人的注意力/精力于(做)(2)concentration n. 专心，集中(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神贯注的练通 单句语法填空We must concentrate our energies on treating (treat) addiction first.Whats more, I find out that I still have some bad learn

15、ing habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time. 一句多译他将注意力全部集中在技术问题上。He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_que

16、stion_of_technology.(concentrate)He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology.(fix/focus)He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put ones heart into)6写美(2018浙江高考书面表达)如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就无法胜任这份工作。If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_fo

17、r_the_position.联想 表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有：fix on focus onput ones heart into be buried inabandon oneself to be lost inbe devoted to be absorbed in 2deserve vt.应得，值得记牢deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考虑/关注/尊敬deserve to do sth. 应该做某事deserve doing/to be done 值得做练通 完成句子With many wild animals gradually

18、 dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.他们有一些优秀的队员，所以他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。 句型转换It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.It is those who are willing to give r

19、ather than receive that deserve respecting.It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.用准 deserve 不用于进行时态，且 deserve doing 相当于 deserve to be done，此时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的单词还有 need, want, require 等。写美(2013广东高考书面表达)不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起着一定的作用，7因此值得我们应有的尊敬。No_matter_how

20、_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.3associate vt.联想，联系记牢(1)associate .with . 使与联系起来associate with sb. 与某人交往/共事be associated with 与有关(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团in association with 与联合；与有关联练通 单句语法填空There has always been a close association (assoc

21、iate) between the two schools.Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad companions.The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.In the childrens minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics. 一句多译有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。There are many serious health problems whic

22、h_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)写美(2018天津高考书面表达)这是将你的才能与实践联系起来的一次好机会。Its_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.联想 “与有关”的

23、其他表达还有：be related to have something to do withbe in connection with be connected with4accuse vt.控告，指控，谴责记牢8(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事(2)the accused 被告辨析 accuse, charge动词 含义 搭配accuse 当面指责或指控 accuse sb.of .charge 因犯较大错误或重大罪行而正式起诉charge sb.with .练通 选词填空/单句语法填空The neighbour who was once c

24、harged with attempted murder accused me of playing my radio too loudly.(charge/accuse)I dont think its fair to accuse me of having (have) an attitude problem.The accused (accuse) was declared to be innocent by the court.He charged the minister with lying about the economy. 句式升级Tom was accused of che

25、ating in the exam and he was in low spirits.(用过去分词短语作状语)Accused_of_cheating_in_the_exam,_Tom_was_in_low_spirits.写美(2013福建高考书面表达)父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切，并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.5desire n 渴望，欲望

26、 v.期望，渴望记牢(1)a desire for sth. 对的渴望a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望a desire that . 的愿望(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事desire that . 希望练通 单句语法填空(2015湖南高考)I had a strong desire to_reach (reach) in and play with 9the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad

27、for further education.Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 一句多译我们班的每个学生都渴望上名牌大学。Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n )Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_f

28、or_a_famous_university.(desire n )Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v )用准 desire 后无论是跟宾语从句还是跟同位语从句，都应该用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should)动词原形” 。写美(2013重庆高考书面表达)我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，也提供一些实用的建议。Its_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_u

29、s_some_practical_suggestions.6relief n 宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除；缓和记牢(1)to ones relief 令人感到欣慰的是What a relief! 可松口气了！in relief 如释重负；松了口气(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)练通 单句语法填空Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back

30、 all the money we borrowed from the bank.The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.10 完成句子Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.令他感到非常宽慰的是，他的儿子上个月顺利地找到了工作。写美(2018天津高考书面表达)你在机器人竞赛(roboti

31、cs competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.7account vt.认为是，视为 n.解释，说明；账目；(银行)账户；描述，叙述辨清 写出下列句中 account 的含义I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a parttime job during the su

32、mmer vacation. 账户Much to our surprise, the witnesss account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects.描述，叙述In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty. 认为是，视为The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve.账目记牢(1)account

33、 for 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占比例(2)on account of 由于，因为on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)take .into accounttake account oftake .into consideration 考虑到练通 单句语法填空How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather. 完成句子Taking_his_age_into_account,_we sh

34、ouldnt be so strict with him.考虑到他的年龄，我们不应该对他如此严格。On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.11不管发生什么你决不能放弃。用准 on no account 表示 “决不” ，放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，类似的表示“决不”的短语还有：in no case by no meansat no time in no wayon no condition under/in no circumstances写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)在我的新发明中我必须考虑一些特定的因素。There_are_some_

35、certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._8devote vt.献身于，专心致志于记牢(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事devote ones life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/奉献于(做)某事(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚练通 单句语法填空

36、He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote) 句式升级The young lad

37、y is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own d

38、aughter.(过去分词作状语)写美12(2018全国卷书面表达)我经常在空闲的时候和我的同学们在学校体育馆打羽毛球。I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.联想 devote (oneself) to 中的 to 是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，类似的短语还有：look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事get down to (do

39、ing) sth. 开始着手(做)某事pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事lead to (doing) sth. 导致(做)某事be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事be addicted to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事上瘾9judge n 裁判，法官 vt.评判；判断；审判，判决记牢(1)judge .from/by . 从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为(2

40、)judging by/from 从上看；根据判断(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价练通 单句语法填空He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you w

41、ear. 完成句子As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.从她脸上的神情看，她一定有令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。13用准 judging from/by 用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)

42、很明显，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。Apparently,_blindly_following_others_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1(2018天津高考)The possibility (可能性) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.2Our facial expressions (表情) convey our emoti

43、ons, such as anger, or joy, or disappointment. 3(2014浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (预测) when the unexpected will happen.4I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.5To make members of a team perform better, the trainer

44、first of all has to know their strengths (长处，强项) and weaknesses (弱点，缺点)6Dont blame him for the accident; its not his fault (错误)7It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永远)8He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work

45、.9We still had a good harvest (收获) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.10Such a positive (积极的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.单句语法填空1I cannot make that decision for you; you will have to use your judgement (judge)2I always associate that song with

46、 my visit to Hawaii.3He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterdays meeting.4If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of 14corruption.5I think the Birds Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.6Some students are good at concent

47、rating on what the teachers teach in class.7Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.8The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.9When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.10Those who fail to meet t

48、hese requirements (require) will not be admitted to the club.单句改错1Judged from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.JudgedJudging2The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一个 wasbe3As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly a