2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit12CultureShock讲义北师大版必修4.doc

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1、1Unit 12 Culture Shock(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1soccer n _(英式)足球2flashlight n. 手电筒3handkerchief n. 手帕，纸巾4canteen n. 食堂，餐厅5appetite n. 食欲，胃口6yummy adj. 美味的7erupt vi. 爆发，喷发8parcel n. 邮包，包裹 9literature n. 文学10welloff adj. 富有的.重点单词写其形1absorb_ vt. 理解，掌握；吸收2bear_ vt. 携带；容忍3familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的4indicate_ vt. 表明；表

2、示5brief_ adj. 短暂的，简短的26exchange vt. 兑换，交换7request n. 请求8attach vt. 喜欢，依恋；系，固定9owe vt. 欠(情、债等)10modest adj. 谦虚的；适度的11export vt. 出口，输出12custom_ n. 习俗，风俗13manners_ n 纵联 1 礼貌14stare vi. 凝视，盯着看15splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的；壮观的16outgoing adj. 友好的，乐于交友的17tasty adj. 美味的18spoken adj. 口头的19reasonable adj.纵联 2 合理的，

3、正当的20cautious adj. 纵联 3 小心翼翼的，谨慎的.拓展单词通其变1addition n 相加；增加物additional adj.补充的，额外的，附加的add v 补充2apology n 道歉，认错apologize v 道歉，谢罪3expectation n 期待的事物，预期expect vt.期待，预料；指望expected adj.预期的，预料的4majority n 大半，大多数major adj.主要的 vi.主修5movement n 动作；活动move v 移动；感动movable adj.可移动的moving adj.令人感动的6curiously adv.

4、好奇地；奇怪地curious adj.好奇的curiosity n 好奇心7informal adj.非正式的formal adj.正式的8injure vt.伤害injury n 伤害，损害injured adj.受伤的9educator n 教育者education n 教育educated adj.有教养的educate vt.教育10arrival n 到达，抵达arrive vi.到达纵联 1.单复数含义不同的名词3Error! Error! Error!Error!Error! Error! Error!Error!Error! Error! Error!Error!纵联 2.“a

5、ble”后缀形容词荟萃reliable 可信赖的；可靠的 adjustable 可调节的fashionable 时尚的；时髦的 reasonable 合理的adaptable 适合的；能适应的 reasonable 合理的，正当的sociable 随和的，好交际的 acceptable 可接受的纵联 3.归纳“ious”结尾的形容词harmonious 和谐的 anxious 焦虑的religious 宗教的 various 各种各样的cautious 谨慎的单元话题文化影响子话题 1 种种文化local culture 本土文化cultural treasures 文化宝藏humane hi

6、storical relics 人文历史遗址value of knowledge 知识的价值crosscultural communication 跨文化交流spiritual civilization 精神文明cultural devolution 文化退化cultural insights 文化视角intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产子话题 2 四大发明gunpower 火药 compass 指南针papermaking technique 造纸术paperprinting technique 印刷术子话题 3 教育部门graduate school 研

7、究生院kindergarten 幼儿园Confucius Institute 孔子学院4secondary education 中等教育adult education 成人教育open admission 免试入学制universal education 普及教育学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用1(2014浙江高考阅读 B)The Swiss tend to be and address each other last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to as

8、k about personal topics. Punctuality (守时 ) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.处应填介词：by写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：cautious写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：arrival2(2012新课标全国卷阅读 B)Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest,

9、waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.处应填介词：to写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：tasty写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：stare3(2011江苏高考任务型阅读)Leaders who apologiz

10、e publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there

11、 needs to be a good, strong reason.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：apology写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：expectation写出加黑词在本单元的形容词：reasonable高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)51(2018全国卷书面表达)遵守当地风俗是有礼貌的表现。一般来说，你应该准时到达。(custom, arrival)It_is_polite_for_you_to_obey_the_local_custom._Generally_speaking,_your_arrival_should_be_on_time.2(2018

12、浙江高考书面表达)我学习英语已经 10 年了，我能说一口流利的英语，并且我性格外向、乐于与他人交流。(spoken, outgoing)Ive_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_my_spoken_English_is_fluent._What_is_more,_Im_outgoing_and_ready_to_communicate_with_others.3(2017全国卷书面表达)在这个展览中，你能看到各种形式的极美的剪纸。除此之外，还有著名的艺术家当场展示如何剪纸。(splendid, addition)In_this_exhibition,_you_

13、can_see_splendid_papercutting_with_all_kinds_of_patterns._In_addition,_there_are_famous_artists_who_will_perform_how_to_cut_paper_on_the_spot.(二)课堂重点释疑1owe vt.欠(情、债等)；归功于记牢owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物owe . to . 把归功于；归因于owing to 因为；由于owe it to sb. that . 多亏了某人练通 单句语法填空These early settlers owed the

14、ir survival_to hard work and determination to succeed.I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 句型转换The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars because of the financial crisis.The country owes billions of

15、dollars to foreign countries because of the financial crisis.用准 如果 owe 的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用 it 作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。6写美(2018江苏高考书面表达)我们把排名的提高归功于产品和服务上。We_owe_it_to_the_products_or_services_that_good_ratings_increase.2absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心；使全神贯注；掌握记牢(1)absorb sb.s attention to (doing) sth.吸引某人对

16、(做)某事的注意力 absorb . into .把吸收到/并入(2)be absorbed by/into .被吞并；为所吸收be absorbed in (doing) sth.全神贯注于/热衷于/一心从事某事练通 单句语法填空Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.Absorbed (absorb) in painting, Mary didnt notice evening approaching.Most little shops have been absorb

17、ed by/into big businesses. 完成句子He was_absorbed_in_the books after borrowing them from a bookshop.从书店借来书之后，他便沉浸在这些书中。The first Chinese woman astronaut Liu Yang absorbed_the_whole_worlds_attention.第一位中国女宇航员刘洋吸引了全世界的注意力。写美(2015福建高考书面表达)一缕光线从墙上的一个小孔穿过，他(借助灯光)全神贯注地读书。A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a

18、_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.联想 (1)表示“吸引某人注意(力)”的短语还有：draw/attract ones attentioncatch ones attention/eyes(2)表示“专心于”的短语还有：7be lost/buried in be devoted to3familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的记牢sb.be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉sth.be familiar to sb.sth.be known to sb.某物为某人所熟悉练通 单句语法填空/完成

19、句子Ive just come here. Im still not familiar with the work.This old song is familiar to those Chinese people who lived in the 1960s.I was_so_familiar_with_him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.我对他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。用准 be familiar with主语一般是有生命的人，意为“某人对人/事熟悉”be familiar t

20、o主语一般是无生命的事物，意为“某事为某人所熟悉”写美(2018北京高考书面表达)你最好提前学习基础汉语。只有用这种方式，你才能熟悉北京的生活。Youd_better_learn_some_basic_Chinese_ahead_of_time._Only_in_this_way_can_you_get_familiar_with_the_life_in_Beijing.4attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋记牢(1)attach . to . 把固定到/附/贴在上attach importance/significance/value to认为重要/有意义/有价值attach

21、 oneself to sb. 与某人在一起；缠着某人(2)attached adj. 依恋的；附加的(be) attached to 附属于；依恋练通 单句语法填空It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environment protection.8A young man attached himself (he) to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.Father asked me to attach a stam

22、p to the envelope and mail it. 完成句子Attach_a_recent_photo_to_your application form.请在申请表上贴一张近照。Dont attach_too_much_importance_to this report.不要过于看重这份报告。The research unit is_attached_to_the university.这个研究机构附属于这所大学。写美(2017天津高考书面表达)为了成为第十三届全运会的志愿者，我提前做了很多我认为重要的准备。To_get_admitted_as_a_volunteer_for_the

23、_13th_National_Games,_I_have_made_many_preparations_I_attach_importance_to_in_advance.5request n we should protect it from being polluted.7Before I studied psychology, I had_got_used_to thinking that people would laugh when funny things occurred.8The mother and children went to Swansea to see the fa

24、ther off.完成句子1The_last_time_I_wrote_you_a_letter,_it was the fourth year after I graduated.我上一次给你写信，那是在我毕业后的第四年。2He has never considered how_to_solve_the_problem.他从未考虑过如何解决这个问题。193Thousands of people were at the airport to_see_them_off.数千人在机场为他们送行。4By the way, the photos taken with you are_attached_

25、to_the_letter.顺便说一下，和你一起拍摄的照片也一起附到这封信上了。5The boy insisted_on_going_swimming with his father.那个男孩坚持和他爸爸一起去游泳。.分步写作假设你是李华。你的外国笔友 Jane 打算七月来中国，特来信了解中国的社交习俗。请你用英语写一封回信。从以下几个方面给出建议：1见面时的问候方式；2对赞美的回答方式；3接收礼物时的回应方式；4餐饮礼节。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本写作属于应用文中的普通书信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。要点

26、表达可以从下面三部分着手：一是很高兴收到来信；二是介绍中国社交习俗；三是希望建议起作用。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。要点 1：很高兴收到你的来信，欢迎七月来中国。Im_glad_to_hear_from_you_and_you_are_welcome_to_China_in_July.要点 2：下面就是一些中国社交习俗。The_followings_are_some_Chinese_social_customs.要点 3：我希望这些建议将会对你有所帮助，期盼着你的到来。I_hope_these_suggestions_will_be_helpful_and_I_am_really_loo

27、king_forward_to_your_coming.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道，如要点 2列举例子，使用 such . as, when 引导的省略句，there be 句型以及谚语；要点 3 使用what 引导的名词性从句表达作者的真诚。拓展 2：我们通过说“你好！”或者问“你去哪儿？” “你忙吗？”这样的问题来相互问候。(such . as)20We_greet_each_other_by_saying_“Hello！”_or_asking_such_questions_as_“Where_are_you_g

28、oing？”_or_“Are_you_busy？”拓展 2：当受到表扬时，我们可以回复“哦，不！”或“过奖啦。 ”以示礼貌。(whendone 的省略句)When_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or_“Im_overpraised.”_to_show_good_manners.拓展 2：收到礼物时，我们通常说“不必带礼物。 ”，附带“谢谢！”来表示礼貌然后把礼物收起来。(whendoing 的省略句)When_receiving_a_gift,_we_usually_say_“Its_unnecessary.”_in_addition_to_“Thanks！

29、”_to_show_politeness_and_then_put_it_away.拓展 2：在宴会上，当喝酒祝福某人的健康或成功时，我们通过大声谈话和碰杯来表现我们的热心。(whendoing 的省略句)At_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_drinking_to_someones_health_or_success_to_show_that_were_warm.拓展 2：不同的文化有不同的习俗。如果你遵守谚语“入乡随俗” ，你将在这里享受到更多快乐。(there be 句型，谚语)There_are_differe

30、nt_customs_in_different_cultures._If_you_follow_the_proverb_“Do_as_the_Romans_do_when_in_Rome”，_youll_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.拓展 3：我希望上面我提到的会有所帮助，盼望着你的到来。(what 引导的名词性从句)I_hope_whats_mentioned_above_will_be_helpful_and_I_am_really_looking_forward_to_your_coming.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡开头表达收到来信时的高兴心情

31、；中间列举要点，用到连接词，如 firstly， secondly， next， finally， anyhow 等作好连接过渡；最后希望建议起作用。Dear_Jane，Im_glad_to_hear_from_you_and_you_are_welcome_to_China_in_July._The_followings_are_some_Chinese_social_customs.Firstly,_we_greet_each_other_by_saying“Hello！”or_asking_such_questions_as_“Where_are_you_going？”_or_“Are_

32、you_busy？”Secondly,_when_praised,_we_reply_with_“Oh,_no！”_or_“Im_overpraised.”_to_show_good_manners._Next,_when_receiving_a_gift,_we_usually_say_“Its_unnecessary.”_in_addition_to_“Thanks！”21_to_show_politeness_and_then_put_it_away._Finally,_at_dinner_parties,_we_talk_loudly_and_touch_glasses_when_dr

33、inking_to_someones_health_or_success_to_show_that_were_warm.Anyhow,_there_are_different_customs_in_different_cultures._If_you_follow_the_proverb_“Do_as_the_Romans_do_when_in_Rome.”，_youll_enjoy_more_of_your_stay_here.I_hope_whats_mentioned_above_will_be_helpful_and_I_am_really_looking_forward_to_you

34、r_coming.Yours，Li_Hua理清文体结构之(十二) 议论文之分总结构把握分论点，关注结论是关键“分总结构”类议论文一般在文章前半部分有相对一致的句式或相互照应的词语来表现分的关系，让文章思路清晰，使读者一目了然。结尾的“总”一般为文章的论点，是文章的结论及核心。把握住分论点并找到论点对理解全文大意至关重要，然后迅速浏览题干，根据题目要求回原文中找对应信息，便可准确解题。高考典例 2015四川卷E 篇 读文划分结构分1No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new s

35、tudy suggests they used a little rock n roll. Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled them across the sand, the scientists say.2“Technically, I think what theyre proposing is possible， ” physicist Daniel Bonn said.3People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians mo

36、ved such huge rocks. And theres no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.4The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid 论点 1：滚动

37、移石(可解 50 题)Error! 建造困难 论点 2：滑动移石(可解 46 题)Error! 实例论证 Error! 以 事 例 论 述 论点 的 可 行 性Error!结论：滚动移石比滑动移石有优势(可解 49题)22总the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds (滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, worker

38、s may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.5Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the

39、remains of paths.6However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study. West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction. I thought, Why dont they just try rolling the things？ ”A s

40、quare could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized. That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”7So he tried it.8He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block. That action t

41、urned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.9They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as m

42、oving it along a slippery (滑的) path.10West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat 23or water to smooth the paths.定区间细比对46Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyr

43、amid site by _.Arolling them on roadsBpushing them over the sandCsliding them on smooth pathsDdragging them on some poles49Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?ABecause more force is needed for sliding.BBecause rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.CBecause sliding on smooth roads

44、 is more dangerous.DBecause less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.50What is the text mainly about?AAn experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.BAn application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.CAn argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.DAn introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.答案 46.C 49.D 50.D46普遍的移石观点 第 4 段，由论点 2 比对即可得出答案。 定 位 49滚动移石的优势 最后一段，由结论归纳得出答案。 定 位 50文章主旨 全文结构，由分论点和结论归纳可得出答案。 定 位 24