（浙江专版）2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit2Cloning讲义新人教版选修8.doc

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1、1Unit 2 Cloning一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1twin n 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj. 成对的；成双的2straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的3carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具4arbitrary adj. 任意的5fate n. 命运；天命 第二屏听写6medium n( pl.media) 媒介；手段；工具7the media 大众传播媒体(如电视、报纸等)8conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的9constitution n. 宪法；章程10compulsory adj.

2、必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的11opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院 第三屏听写12chorus n 合唱；合唱队13loaf n. 一条(面包)14flour n. 面粉15claw n. 爪；脚爪16turkey n. 火鸡17feather n. 羽毛 .高频词汇(汉译英)第四屏听写1differ vi. 不同；相异2exact adj. 精确的；准确的3identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的4commercial_ adj. 商业的；贸易的5complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的26undertake vt. 着手；从事；承担7breakthrough n.

3、突破 第五屏听写8procedure n 程序；步骤；手续9cast vt. 扔；投；掷10altogether adv. 总共；完全地11correction n. 改正；纠正；修正12object vi. 反对；不赞成13objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议14obtain vt. 获得；赢得 第六屏听写15attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)16forbid vt. 禁止；不准17accumulate vt. forbidden)禁止；不准forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid sb. to do sth.forbid sb. from do

4、ing sth.9禁止某人做某事题点全练 单句语法填空It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas.I think the middle school students should be forbidden_to_use (use) smartphones at school.I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering free plastic shopping bags.名师指津 forbid 后

5、不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise 等。4in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏) 归纳拓展out of condition 健康状况欠佳on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，主句用部分倒装语序)on condition that . 在条件下；倘若应用领悟What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in poor cond

6、ition.我想让你意识到人人都可能健康状况不佳。On condition that we use these ratings properly, they will benefit us in many ways.(2018江苏高考书面表达)只要我们恰当使用这些排名，它们在很多方面对我们是有利的。The teacher always reminds us, “On no condition can we give up our dreams.”老师总是告诫我们：“我们决不能放弃我们的梦想。 ”考点新组合 阅读微技能The future of human cloningNowadays, we

7、 should owe human cloning _ the development of social civilization. What strikes me most _(be) that human cloning is said to be allowed in the near future. 1.处应填入的词为_to_。2处应填词的正确形式为_is_。3处应填入的词是 that,_它引导的是表语从句，一般不能省略。10By then, we can believe, some scientists great efforts will have paid off. Appar

8、ently, the advantage of human cloning is_ many serious diseases can be cured some day.5owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢 owe sth. to sb. 把某事归功于某人owe it to sb. that . 把归功于某人owing to 因为；由于多角练透 单句语法填空My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.I owe it to you that I have made great progr

9、ess in my English. 补全句子Owing_to his optimism and perseverance, he was admitted into Beijing University.由于他的乐观和毅力，他被北京大学录取了。6strike vt. then came_the_head_teacher.3你认为谁是过去一百年里最伟大的妇女？(do you think 作插入语)Who_do_you_think_was_the_greatest_woman of the past 100 years?4我的多数同学都想去公园而我想要去参观博物馆。 (while 并列句)Mos

10、t of my classmates wanted to go to a park while_I_had_an_idea_of_going_to_visit_a_museum.5新的学期很快就要开始了，我们将会再次忙碌起来。(with 复合结构)With_the_new_term_to_begin_soon,_well_be_very_busy_again.句型转换1Mary was very upset by her failure to find work.Mary was much_cast_down by her failure to find work.2I have told h

11、er about my plan, and she is for it.I have told her about my plan, and she is_in_favour_of_it.3Boys and girls, if you have any questions, please put up your hands.Boys and girls, if you have any questions, please raise_your_hands.144Now that Ive grown up, I am against being treated like a child.Now

12、that Ive grown up, I object_to_being_treated_like_a_child.5My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is healthy now. My grandmother takes exercise every day, and she is_in_good_condition now.高考拆组训练阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：30 分钟).阅读理解AAt your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to mea

13、sure how long it lasts.Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at most. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable momen

14、t of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch (荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start to feel uneasy. In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are ha

15、ppy with silences of 8.2 seconds nearly twice as long as in Americans meetings.In Japan, it is recognised that the best communication is when you dont speak at all. Its already a failure to understand each other by speaking because youre repairing that failure by using words.In the US, it may origin

16、ate from the history of colonial (殖民地的) America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference, its hard to establish common understanding unless you talk and theres understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally engaged to establish a common life. This a

17、pplies also to some extent to London.In contrast, when theres more homogeneity,_perhaps its easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family its easier to sit in silence than with people youre less well acquainted with.15语篇解读：本文主要讲述了谈话中的沉默文化。尽管交谈中出现停顿是普遍

18、存在的，但我们对沉默的认识在不同的文化中有着巨大的差异。不同的文化中沉默时间不同，对于沉默的看法也不同。1Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?AThe Dutch. BAmericans.CThe English. DThe Japanese.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第二、三段内容可知，日本人在谈话中沉默时间最长。故选 D。2What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?ASpeaking more gives th

19、e upper hand.BSpeak out what you have in your mind.CGreat minds think alike without words.DThe shorter talking silence, the better.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第四段首句可知，在日本，一般认为最好的交流是一句话不说的时候。因此推断日本人认为“伟大的心灵，无言而喻” 。故选 C。3What can we learn from the text?AA foursecond silence in conversation is universal.BIts hard f

20、or Americans to reach a common agreement.CEnglish speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.DThe closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，亲密的人之间更容易出现沉默，因此我们和家人越亲密，沉默越容易出现。故选 D。4What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean

21、?ASimilarity. BContradiction.CDiversity. DMisunderstanding.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句表示相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarity 意义相近。故选 A。BPlant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting (嫁接) is a common form of plant cloning.

22、Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and reproduce asexually (无性生16殖地)Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their yield (产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheape

23、r to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With higher yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.Cloning

24、can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near e

25、xtinction can be brought back to life through cloning.Through cloning scientists can develop super fruits and vegetables of superior (更好的 ) nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This has already been done through selective pollination (授粉), and genetic cloning coul

26、d take it to the next level.By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits t

27、hat could prove vital to the propagation (繁衍) of the human species.语 篇 解 读 ： 本 文 是 说 明 文 。 文 章 主 要 介 绍 了 植 物 克 隆 的 好 处 。5The underlined word “optimized” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “_”Agrown BproducedCperfected Dexamined解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据“so that farmers or individual growers always have th

28、e best seeds available”可知，optimize 与 perfect 的意思相近。6According to the text, cloned plants _.Ahave lower yield than normal plantsBneed less care from peopleCprevent various kinds of diseasesDhave a shorter growth cycle17解析：选 D 细节理解题。从第二段中的“Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of ti

29、me between planting and harvesting.”可知，克隆的植物的生长周期短。7What is the main purpose of the text?ATo warn the negative effects of plant cloning.BTo show different kinds of plant cloning.CTo predict the future of plant cloning.DTo introduce the advantages of plant cloning.解析：选 D 写作目的题。文章的第二、三、四段都是在介绍植物克隆的好处，

30、所以本文的目的是介绍植物克隆的好处。CWe are all fascinated by mysteries. To some extent we love to expect strange phenomenon occurring before us. Here are some amazing unsolved mysteries.The Georgia GuidestonesOn one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County, Georgia stands a giant granite monument (花岗岩纪念碑). Carved in

31、 eight different languages on the four giant stones are 10 Guides.The origin of this strange monument is covered in mystery because no one knows the true identity of the man, or men, who constructed it. All we know is that in June 1979, a man identifying himself as RC.Christian announced that he wou

32、ld build something to convey a message to mankind, but to date, no one knows who RC.Christian really was.Bermuda TriangleThe Bermuda Triangle is a triangular area of the Atlantic Ocean. Many planes, ships, and boats are said to have disappeared in this triangle without a trace, which led to the beli

33、ef that “supernatural” forces exist in this area of the sea.Could there truly be an unnatural force at work in this geographical triangle or are these disappearances merely coincidence? Either way, numerous people remain unwilling to step over the boundary line into the Devils Triangle.Loch Ness Mon

34、sterThe Loch Ness Monster is a legendary animal that supposedly lives in the 18depths of Loch Ness, a long narrow lake located in rural Scotland.Stories concerning the monster date back to the 6th century AD. Over the years thousands have reported seeing a long neck appearing from the water with a s

35、mall head of an unknown creature. Pictures have even been taken of this “creature”， but most scientists refuse to believe any creature of this kind lives in the Loch Ness. So far, the evidence is inadequate, and the controversy continues.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上三大未解之谜，包括佐治亚州的巨石阵、百慕大三角和尼斯湖水怪。8Why is

36、the Georgia Guidestones mysterious?AIt is on one of the highest hilltops in Elbert County.BThere are eight different languages on the stones.CThe person who built it remains unknown.DR. C. Christian could convey a message to mankind.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据 The Georgia Guidestones 部分第二段内容可知，巨石阵很神秘是因为没有人知道是谁建

37、造了它。故选 C。9Why are people unwilling to enter the Bermuda Triangle?AIt is too remote from land.BThe chance of surviving is slim there.CThere are supernatural forces in the area.DAll transportations have disappeared there.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据 Bermuda Triangle 部分第一段第二句可知，在百慕大三角经常有飞机、轮船和小船失踪；由此可推知，在百慕大三角人们幸存的

38、可能性很小，所以许多人不愿意进入百慕大三角地带。故选 B。10What can we know about Loch Ness Monster?AIt existed in the 6th century AD.BIt is said to have a long neck and a large head.CIt has been living in Loch Ness Lake for a long time.DPeople havent reached an agreement on its existence.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，关于水怪的故事始于公元 6

39、 世纪，并不是说水怪出现在公元 6 世纪，故排除 A 项；根据最后一段第二句中的“with a small head”可知，B 项错误；根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，大多数科学家都不相信有这种水怪生活在尼斯湖中，故排除 C 项；根据最后一段最后一句可知，D 项“人们对它的存在没有达成一致意见”符合原文。故选 D。19.阅读七选五Too often an inappropriate view gets around us that it is our physical conditions that make us happy or unhappy. As a consequence, physi

40、cal conditions have been overstated._1_， that is, good standard of living, high goals that we want to obtain, surrounding ourselves with a nice house, nice car, nice clothes, etc. _2_. But many times once we obtain our goals and are surrounded by what we thought would make us happy, we are still unh

41、appy.Also on the other end of the stick, many, many people are unhappy now, because they have not obtained their goals and _3_， which, consequently, adds to their dissatisfaction with life.So this is why so many people keep themselves for most of their lives in a state of “incompleteness” and unhapp

42、iness, and this is why so many super successful people still arent happy. The reason is that _4_. They think that the Universe should give them what they want first and then theyll be happy. But that just puts a barrier in between them and happiness because of the way the Universe is set up.The mess

43、age here is to understand that your desires tell you where you want to put your focus in your life, however, _5_. You make yourself happy from the inside out, not the outside in. Do not require certain conditions be met for your happiness, because it wont work anyway.AWe have different ways to get w

44、hat really makes us happyBthey dont have what they want in lifeCWe set out to get happy by trying to control all the wonderful conditions around ourselvesDthey are never there to be found in lifeEthey should not control your happiness in this momentFWe may think this is the key to our happinessGthey

45、 dont realize how to get happy语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文谈论的是人们认为的幸福实际上并没有给人们带来幸福，作者就如何才能得到真正的幸福提出了自己的观点。1选 C 根据上文中的“physical conditions”及下文中的 “good standard of living .nice clothes”可知，C 项“我们通过努力掌控我们身边美好的物质条件来获取幸福”与上文相呼应，与“that is”后面的解释也一致。故选 C。202选 F 根据语境可知，很多时候当我们拥有了良好的生活标准，实现了我们想要的目标，拥有了漂亮的房子、车子、衣服时，我们可能就认为

46、这是幸福的关键所在了。F 项“我们可能会认为这就是幸福的关键了”衔接上文，并与下文构成转折，符合语境。故选F。3选 B 根据语境可知，此处分析了不快乐的人的心理。根据“because they have not obtained their goals”可知，许多人不快乐是因为没有达到目标，and 连接和前面并列的内容。B 项“他们没有拥有生活中想要的”也是人们不快乐的原因，并且和下文联系紧密。故选 B。4选 G 上文提到，拥有了良好物质条件的人仍然感到不幸福，没有达到目标的人也感到不幸福，此处作者给出他们感到不幸福的理由，因为“他们没有意识到如何获得快乐” 。由此可知，G 项与上文衔接紧密。故选 G。5选 E 上文提到，本文传递的信息就是要让你明白，你的欲望会告诉你，在生活中要看重什么。由 however 可知，后面的内容应与前面的叙述形成对比，所以 E 项“这时这些欲望不应该左右你的幸福感”符合语境。故选 E。