2019高考英语二轮题海特训营（4）阅读理解细节理解四.doc

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1、1阅读理解-细节理解四1、 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of

2、the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime,The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick

3、 delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-presen

4、t and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Interne

5、t companies control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “Gods eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time

6、, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),for example, they have traditionally use

7、d size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets(资产) when assessing the impact 2of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place,especially when a new-born company

8、 has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make for

9、m it.Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments dont wants a data oconomy by a few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a call to break up giants?A.They have controlled the data

10、marketB.They collect enormous private dataC.They no longer provide free servicesD.They dismissed some new-born giants2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants technology is very expensiveB.Googles idea is popular among data firmsC.Data can strengthen giants contr

11、olling positionD.Data can be turned into new services or products3.By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could .A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data?A.Big companies co

12、uld relieve data security pressure.B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure.3C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.2 、 El Nino, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global

13、 weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weat

14、her effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 1997 helped Americans economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extr

15、a rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they

16、are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. Acc

17、ording to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconst

18、ruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages 4are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. Ac

19、cording to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those dis

20、asters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It take

21、s place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful

22、than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_.A.more investment should go to risk reductionB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more

23、compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio. 53、 While WeChat is Chinas bi

24、ggest mobile messaging app (应用软件),there are many equivalent(相当的) apps in other countries that offer similar features(特征).WhatsApp (US)Users: more than 300 millionPlatforms: Android, 10S, Windows Phone, BlackBerryFeatures:Text chat, push-to-talk, file sharing, location sharingWith more than 300 milli

25、on active users, WhatsApp is one of WeChats biggest competitors. Developed by two ex-Yahoo! employees in 2009, WhatsApp originally focused on text chat, but onAug6 it also started push - to - talk service. Its noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements. The service is

26、 free for the first year, after which $0.99 (6.06 yuan) is charged for one-year subscription.Kakao Talk (South Korea)Users: more than 100 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and Bada (an operateing system developed by Samsung)Features: Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, g

27、roup calls, file sharingWith more than 100 million users in more than 230 countries, Kakao Talk is a multi - platform ( 多平台 ) texting application that allows users to send and receive messages for free. With Kakao Talk, users can message each other one-on one or in group chats with unlimited numbers

28、 of friends. You can also choose from more than 250 animated emoticons (表情符号) and share them with friends.Line (Japan)Users: more than 200 millionPlatforms: Android, iOS, Windows Phone, BlackBerry and PCFeatures:Text chat, group chat, push - to - talk, file sharing, location sharing, gaming, sticker

29、s.6Line tops the list of the most downloaded free apps in 52 countries. Apart from text and voice messaging, Line provides its users with more than 250 original stickers and emoticons to buy from its own shop. In the first quarter of 2013 alone. it made $ ,7 million just from stickers. The popular a

30、pp also allows friends to battle each other in the LINE Game.1.The first paragraph of the passage is used to _.A.introduce the most popular mobile messaging apps in ChinaB.talk about new features in the latest mobile messaging appsC.draw readers attention to various popular mobile messaging appsD.ex

31、plain how mobile messaging apps have become so popular2.Compared with the other two apps, which of the following features makes Line stand out?A.Group mobile games.B.Free stickers and emoticons.C.Free download of the app.D.Text and group chat.3.One of the popular features of WhatsApp is that users_.

32、A.can send and receive messages for freeB.can enjoy live video chats within groupsC.dont need to worry about unwanted adsD.regularly set free stickers and emoticons4、 During the past Spring Festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. But Xing Pu, a 40-year-old economis

33、t, is asking the government to give red packets to every Chinese citizen.Xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys econo

34、mic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country.7Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor(扶贫)and pro-rural(惠农)policies(政策),including increasing spending on public health-care and cutting down the agricultura

35、l tax. But the lower-income group still needs more help.Xing said he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like theUnited StatesandSingapore. Earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens. As for inChina, “We can even encourage the ric

36、h to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor,” said Xing.Although Xings suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary Chinese on the Internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractical. “To better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for

37、all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,” said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.1.Xing Pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each Chinese because _.A.the poor should get help from the richB.the government should he

38、lp the richC.the growing economic pie should be shared among the peopleD.the government doesnt know how to use the money2.What has the government done to help the lower-income group?A.Spending less on public health care.B.Increasing the agricultural tax.C.Handing out money to every Chinese.D.Carryin

39、g out pro-poor and pro-rural policies.3.Xing Pus ideas of giving red packets to every Chinese citizen mainly came from _.A.children receiving red packets from their familiesB.the US andSingaporegovernments offering cash handouts to their citizens8C.the governments increasing spending on public healt

40、h careD.the rising prices in the country4.According to Qiao Xinsheng, what is better than giving out money?A.Supplying food to everyone every day.B.Cutting the price of energy use in daily life.C.Controlling the rising of prices.D.Increasing the government income.5、 Rock music in one form or another

41、 is the most popular type of music all over the world. But where did it come from?Rock began in the USA in the early 1950s. At that time, “rhythm and blue” music was very popular with black Americans. “R 2.C; 3.B; 4.D解析：1.推理判断题,根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation“可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场, 故答案为 A项。2.

42、细节理解题.根据第三段最后两句可知答案是 C项。3.细节理解题 .根据第五段第二、三句可知选 B项。4.推理判断题.根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选 D项。2答案及解析：答案： 1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.D12解析： 1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific ,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or somet

43、imes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故 D正确。2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 Rich countries gain more from powerful Nio ,on balance,than they lose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于所得到的坏处。接着在第三句中列举了 1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故 C项正确。3.推理判断题。根据第四段第三句 According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI),however,just 12% of d

44、isaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. 根据 ODI的观点,为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。故 A项正确。4.目的意图题。本文主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告诉我们的政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行重新补救和恢复。再根据最后一句“Since the poorest a

45、re least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.”各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置。也就是要事先做好准备。故 D项正确。3答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知,第一段在文章中起导入作用,以引起读者对各种移动交流应用软件的关注,故选 C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章对三个不同移动交流应用软件特色的介绍可知,日本的 Line有gaming和 stic

46、kers这两个特别的功能,结合选项可知,故选 A项。3.细节理解题。根据 WhatsApp (US)部分的 Its noted for its accessibility, ease of use and the absence of advertisements.可知,WhatsApp 受人欢迎的特点就是没有广告。故选 C。4答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.B13解析：1.细节题。根据 He said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys econo

47、mic success, help the lower-income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费)around the country. 可知 Xing Pu建议政府给每个中国人发 1000元是因为经济增长的果实应该大家分享。2.细节题。根据 Recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro-poor (扶贫) and pro-rural(惠农)policies, including increasing spending on

48、 public healthcare and calling off the agricultural tax.可知政府通过执行扶贫政策来帮助低收入群体。3.细节题。根据 Xing said while making the draft, he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the United States and Singapore.可知 Xing Pu的给公众发红包的想法主要来源于美国和新加坡的政府给他们的民众发现金。4.细节题。根据“To better use the increase of money

49、, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. It could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life,“ said Qiao Xinsheng, an economic professor.可知根据一些专家来看,降低每日能源消耗的价格比发钱更好。5答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段“By the mid-1950s, this new white R 2.C; 3.C; 4.B14解析：文章讲述了几种很受欢迎的品牌他们所代表的理念,在耐克,苹果,麦当劳,奔驰,阿迪达斯等这些知名品牌的设计中都有着深刻的理念融入其中。小题 1:细节理解题。I was reading these interesting stories behind a group of great logos in the world. Personally Nike is my