（鲁津琼版）2020版高考英语大一轮复习第一部分Module4GreatScientists讲义外研版必修4.doc

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1、1Module 4 Great Scientists狂 背 单 词 /.单词语境记忆1.publish a book 出版一本书2.make a breakthrough 取得突破3.in quantity 在数量上4.try to escape from the prison 试图从监狱逃跑5.find a person to replace him 找到一个可以代替他的人6.the quality of the products 产品质量7.a straight line 直线8.a brilliant scientist 才华横溢的科学家9.political career 政治生涯10

2、.convert waste into wealth 把废物转变为财富.词性转换与派生记忆1.support vt.支持 n.支持；支撑；供养2.clear vi.(烟雾)消散 adj.清楚的；晴朗的3.figure n.人物 vt.计算；认为4.leading adj.主要的lead vt.领导；引导leader n.领导；领袖5.physical adj.身体的；物理的physically adv.身体上；身体上地6.brief adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简短地；简洁地7.graduate vi.毕业 n.毕业生graduation n.毕业8.personal adj

3、.个人的personally adv.就个人来说personality n.个性；人格9.explode vi.爆炸explosion n.爆炸；爆炸声10.producer n.生产者produce vt. children are playing happily in the yard.10.The shopkeeper said he would replace (更换) the TV set if we were not satisfied.5.词性变化练习1.We offer an excellent education (educate) to our students.In re

4、turn，we expect students to work hard.2.Personally (personal) speaking，I dont approve of your marriage to her.3.Yuan Longping，one of the leading (lead) figures in agriculture in the world，is still working hard in the fields.4.I think your original (origin) plan is better than this one.5.Though she ex

5、plained the topic briefly，we still learned a lot from her brief words.(brief)6.Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)7.After graduation，he is one of the graduates who have graduated this year and are looking for jobs.(graduate)8.This factory prod

6、uces computers.Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale.(produce).选词填空bring in，bring up，be known for，come to power，be diagnosed with，as a result of，by accident，earn ones living1.Although brought_up in a big city，Henry is very interested in wildlife.2.During recent years，the pola

7、r regions have changed a lot as_a_result_of global warming.3.Xian is_known_for its historic buildings，so many visitors travel there every year.4.Even if Mike earned_his_living by working in a coal mine，he never gave up his dream.5.He came_to_power in 2018 again.It was the fourth time that he had bee

8、n elected President.6.There is little physical contact in peoples daily communication in that country，and even touching someones arm by_accident is the reason for an 6apology.7.After his wife was_diagnosed_with breast cancer，he spent all of his time looking after her.8.The thief was brought_in with

9、his hands tied behind his back.完成句子1.It_was_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。2.I am sorry for having kept_you_waiting for three hours.很抱歉让你等了三个小时。3.It rained heavily in the south this summer，causing_serious_flooding_in_several_provinces.今年夏天南方雨下得很大，导致几个省份严重洪灾

10、。4.You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the_best_way_of_getting/to_get there.你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法，就得知道自己要去哪里。核心要点突破1.support vt. the other half, they are _1_It takes time and experience to understand what the normal is, and that gives me the viewpoint to _2_ the surprises of the future.

11、But there is vast grassland of life in the middle, where the bad and the good flipflop (突然改变)_ 3_This is what convinces me to _4_ the 50percent theory.One spring I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地) so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed.I felt _6_at the wasted effort.Summer turned cruelthe w

12、orst _7_ and drought (干旱) in my lifetime.The air conditioner died; the well went dry; the marriage _8_； the job was lost; the money was gone.Only a popular Kansas City Royals team, bound for their first World Series，_9_ my spirits.Looking back on that _10_ summer, I soon understood that all succeedi

13、ng good things merely _11_ the bad.I was owed and enjoyed the happy times.They _12_ me for the next dangerous surprise and offered _13_ that I can succeed.The 50percent theory even helps me see _14_ beyond my Royals recent fall.Oh, yeah, the corn crop? For that hot summer, the ground _15_ was just r

14、ight, and the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods.That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy _17_ my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)Although plantings that year may have fallen below the original _18_ and they probably will do so again in the future,

15、 I am _19_ encouraged by the crop that had a “good” _20_ during the drought.13【语篇解读】 本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己在干旱的夏天种植玉米的经历体会到读懂生活的常态需要时间和阅历，也正是这样才练就了作者面对未来宠辱不惊的生活态度，同时作者也向我们介绍了其深信不疑的“对半理论” 。1A.worse Beasier Cstranger Dbrighter答案 A 根据空前的“Half the time things are better than normal；the other half，they are”及下

16、文作者阐述的“对半理论”可知，生活中的事情一半比正常状态要好，而另一半则比正常状态差。故空处应填 worse与 better构成对比。2A.give out Btake downCdeal with Dgo through答案 C 结合上文中的“It takes time and experience to understand .future”及下文作者对自己种玉米经历的描述可知，此处作者想要传达的是面对时好时坏的生活，需要时间和阅历读懂生活的常态，这样才能应对未来各种意想不到的事情。deal with“应对，处理”符合语境。3A.slightly BregularlyCmagically

17、Ddeliberately答案 C 根据上文中的“But there is vast grassland of life in the middle，where the bad and the good flipflop(突然改变 )”及下文作者描述的自己种玉米的经历可知，好与坏之间有一大片生活的草原，在这片草原上坏事和好事会奇妙地突然改变。magically“魔法般地，神奇地”符合语境。4A.break through Bbelieve inCcheck on Dpick up答案 B 根据上文，尤其是“Life is a clock swing.Half the time things a

18、re better than normal；the other half，they are _1_”可知，作者对“对半理论”深信不疑。believe in “信任，相信”符合语境。5A.stole BignoredCreplaced Dflooded答案 D 根据上文中的“a bottomland(低洼地)so easily”和下文中的“and the lack 14of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，作者因在极易遭到水淹的低洼地种植玉米而遭到了邻居们的嘲笑。6A.annoyed BpuzzledCsurprised Dembarrass

19、ed答案 A 根据上文中的“I planted corn too early in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_ that neighbors laughed”和下文中的“the wasted effort”可知，作者为自己浪费了精力而感到懊恼。annoyed“烦恼的，恼火的”符合语境。7A.wind speed Bflood warningCstorm damage Dheat wave答案 D 根据下文中的“The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和“the lack of rain _16_ the stand

20、ing corn from floods”可知，作者在那年夏天遇到了人生中最严重的酷热期和干旱。heat wave“酷热期，热浪期”符合语境。8A.began BendedCcontinued Ddisappeared答案 B 根据上文中的“Summer turned cruelthe worst _7_ and drought(干旱)in my lifetime.The air conditioner died；the well went dry”和下文中的“the job was lost；the money was gone”可知，作者在那年夏天遭遇了天灾人祸：热浪袭人，干旱来袭，空调报

21、废，水井枯竭，婚姻破裂，惨遭失业，积蓄散尽。end“结束，终止”符合语境。9A.relieved BloweredCpurified Dinspired答案 D 根据上下文，尤其是该句中的“Only”一词可知，此处描述的是作者在那个夏天遇见的唯一好事，即作者虽然遭受了一系列不好的事情，但是人气攀升的堪萨斯皇家棒球队首次进入 World Series使作者精神振奋。inspire“激励，鼓舞”符合语境。10A.horrible Bprecious Ccolorful Dstrange答案 A 根据上文中的“Summer turned cruel.the job was lost；the mone

22、y was gone”可知，那个夏天对作者来说是可怕的。horrible“可怕的，吓人的”符合语境。11A.allocated BresistedCbalanced Dcontradicted15答案 C 根据作者在第一段中提及的“对半理论”以及下文作者提到的玉米的命运发生转变的内容可知，生活总是好坏参半，以达到一种平衡。balance“抵消，保持平衡”符合语境。12A.refreshed BtiredCconvinced Dadjusted答案 A 根据作者信奉的“对半理论”及上文中的“I was owed and enjoyed the happy times”和下文中的“for the

23、next dangerous surprise”可知，快乐的时光让作者重新恢复了精力以应对下一个“意外” 。refresh“使恢复精力”符合语境。13A.trust Bbelief Cadvice Dcourage答案 B 快乐的时光不仅让作者恢复了精力，也给予了作者相信自己可以成功的信念。belief“信念”符合语境。14A.determination BcreativityCfailure Dhope答案 D “对半理论”甚至帮作者看到了希望，即使其喜爱的皇家棒球队最近处于低潮。hope“希望”符合语境。15A.wetness BfreshnessCthickness Dhardness答

24、案 A 根据上文中的“in a bottomland(低洼地)so easily _5_”和下文中的“the lack of rain _16_ the standing corn from floods”可知，玉米被种在原本易被淹没的低洼地，但由于那个炎热的夏天雨水很少，低洼地的湿度正好适合玉米的生存。wetness“湿度”符合语境。16A.separated BdismissedCabstracted Dspared答案 D 根据上文中的“the ground _15_ was just right”和下文中的“the standing corn from floods.That wint

25、er my house was crowded with cornfat and healthy”可知，因为干旱，原本易被淹没的低洼地成了适合玉米生存的地方，缺少雨水使玉米逃脱了洪涝的威胁。spare.from.“使逃脱”符合语境。17A.or Band Cso Dwhile答案 D 根据空前的“That winter my house was crowded with cornfat and 16healthy”和空后的“my neighbors fields yielded only brown and empty husks(壳)”可知，那年冬天，作者的家里堆满了饱满健康的玉米，而邻居家

26、的地里却只产出了褐色的空壳子。空处前后为对比关系，故 while“(对比两件事物)而，然而”符合语境。18A.expectation BrequirementCimpression Dopportunity答案 A 根据上下文可知，尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望。expectation“期望，期待”符合语境。19A.even Bagain Cjust Dstill答案 D 尽管那年的收成没有达到作者原来的期望，而且将来还可能是这样，但作者仍然为经历干旱却丰收的玉米而备受鼓舞。still“仍然，还”符合语境。20A.challenge BharvestCexperiment Dreputa

27、tion答案 B 参见上题解析。a good harvest“丰收”符合语境。challenge“挑战” ；reputation“名望，声望” 。.语法填空(2019绍兴四校联考)As you know，science plays 1._ very important role in our education.Do you want to keep up 2._ the latest research and discoveries in science？ There are many good websites 3._ you can check out the latest in the

28、 science world.One great site is Science News for Kids.This site reports science news 4._(cover) a wide range of subjects.The articles are intended for younger readers，but adults will find this site 5._(suit) for them as well.Another wonderful site，one that I check out every day，6._(call) Science Da

29、ily.The site is 7._(constant) updated with news，often about exciting 8._(finding) that change how we view the world.These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9._(post) earlier.That way you can find articles just about anything that 10._(be)related to the science fi

30、elds you are interested in.17【语篇解读】 众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。1a play an important role in.为固定搭配，意为“在中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)” ，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的 very，故填冠词 a。2with 你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在后面” 。3where 先行词为 websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where，相当于 on which。4covering 提示词为动

31、词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词 cover和其所修饰的名词 news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用 cover的 v.ing 形式作后置定语，在此相当于 which covers。5suitable 这里构成“find宾语形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用 suit的形容词形式。6is called 另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作 Science Daily。one that I check out every day是主语 Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和 call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。7const

32、antly 修饰动词 updated，作状语，故用副词。8findings finding 为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。9posted 这里指的是 the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。10is 关系代词 that指代的是先行词 anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填 is。.应用文写作(2019浙江七彩联盟联考)假设你是高三学生李华，请你写一封倡议书，号召同学们在高考结束后捐出旧书，送给需要的同学。内容包括：1捐书的种类：参考书、课本等；2.捐书

33、的意义。注意：1.词数 80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考范文】18Dear fellow students，Soon we are going to bid farewell to middle school and become freshmen in universities.How to deal with loads of used reference books? I urge that after the national entrance examination, we collect the books and donate them to those who

34、need them.By doing so, we can not only bring warmth to those in need, but also give the secondhand books a new life, which is far more environmentfriendly than throwing them into the dustbins.Lets act hand in hand!Li Hua.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60词左右的内容概要。When it comes to the topic of taking responsibil

35、ity, the everyday signs of conscientiousness (勤勉认真)being punctual，careful in doing work, selfdisciplined, and honest in attending to responsibilitiesare typical characteristics of the model organizational citizens, the people who keep things running as they should.They follow the rules, help out，and

36、 are concerned about the people they work with.Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field.In studies of job performance, outst

37、anding effectiveness for almost all jobs，from semiskilled labor to sales and management，depends on conscientiousness.It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect，the delivery truck driver who is

38、always on time.Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲物)against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market，because employees with this quality are among the most valued.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems.Since conscientious people demand so

39、much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others 19dont show the same high levels of model behavior.Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize coworkers even a

40、bout failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity.In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce

41、and in demand.Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.【文章大意】Paragraph 1：勤勉认真的人有许多典型的共同点，如守时、工作细心、严于律己、乐于助人、关心他人等。Paragraph 2：在任何领域，尤其是在诸如秘书、司机等基层工作中，勤勉认真都

42、是引领人们走向成功的关键。勤勉认真的雇员是最受重视的，这也使得这些雇员在日新月异的就业市场中能够站稳脚跟。Paragraph 3：但是缺乏社交技巧的勤勉认真也会给人们带来问题，诸如对他人品头论足等，从而影响人们的人际关系。Paragraph 4：“不恰当”的勤勉认真甚至还会损害人们的创造力，因为某些工作领域是非常需要创造力的。因此， “正确的”勤勉认真还需要人们把握一个合适的度。【参考范文】Conscientious people have a lot in common: theyre strict with themselves and helpful to others while at

43、 work.(要点 1) On the one hand, conscientiousness contributes to better job performance especially for those who work at the lower levels and therefore means lower chance of unemployment.(要点 2) On the other hand, for lack of adequate social skills and novel ideas, their relationship with coworkers can be unpleasant and their work may be less creativity.(要点 3)So people should seek the balance between the two aspects.(要点 4)