2019高考英语重难增分篇第一讲时态和语态讲与练新人教版.doc

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1、1第一讲 时态语态李仕才第一课时 知识过关课21.运用“7 看法” ，熟记“4 句型”速判动词的时态 (1)掌握独特的时间状语标志(7 看法)1 看到 always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等 想到用一般现在时2看到 yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day 等想到用一般过去时态3 看到 tomorrow, next year, in a week 等 想到用将来时态4 看到 all the time, now, at present 等 想到用现在进行时态5 看到 at that t

2、ime, then, at six oclock yesterday 等 想到用过去进行时6看到 at this time tomorrow, from 1 oclock to 3 oclock tomorrow 等想到用将来进行时7看到 since, so far, up to now, by the time, in the last/past few years 等想到用完成时态I usually get up at four oclock every morning when its still dark.我通常每天早晨四点起床，那时天还很黑。I will be talking wit

3、h the professor at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将在和教授谈话。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.到你回家的时候，我将会已经把房子打扫得干干净净。(2)熟记固定句型中的时态(4 句型)be doing.when.，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。no sooner.than 或 hardly.when.，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。It is/has been时间段since.表示“自从以来已经” 。主句用现在完成时或一般现

4、在时，从句用一般过去时。This/It/That is the first/second.time that.表示“这/那是第一/二次” ，后面的句子要用现在完成时。Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.演讲者一结束他的讲话，观众就不停地向他提问。3It is the third time that you have been late for work this week, isnt it?这已经是你本周第三次工作迟到了，不是吗？The boy was do

5、ing his homework when his father came back from work.当那个男孩的父亲下班回来时，他正在做作业。2.被动语态的几点说明(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就要用被动语态。(2)只有及物动词才有被动语态。但 cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of 等及物动词或及物的短语动词没有被动语态。(3)happen，occur，come about，take place 等不及物动词没有被动语态。(4)带有介词的动词短语的被动语

6、态，不要漏掉介词。The children will be looked after well here.这些孩子在这里将受到很好的照顾。(5)系动词 feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain 等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。注意时态语态的用法。I am Li Fan，chairman of the Students Union.I am_writing1 to draw your atte

7、ntion to some improper behaviour in our campus：littering and scribbling.It has_been_making2 our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel_ashamed3 whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Last week，the students Union held4 a meeting to seek some so

8、lutions to these problems.We were_having5 a heated discussion when our headmaster came and joined us.After the meeting，the headmaster said that the school had_made6 efforts to improve this situation and more dustbins would_be_placed7 around.Recently，the Students Union has_set_up8 specific rules agai

9、nst such behaviour.At the same time，all of us should 4develop good habits and better behave ourselves.We believe that，with the joint efforts of both teachers and students，our school will_become9 a more enjoyable place in the near future.1.现在进行时，表示现在正在发生的动作。2.现在完成进行时，表示从过去从开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作。3.一般现在

10、时，表示经常性或习惯性动作。4.一般过去时，在过去某个时间里(last week 上周)所发生的动作。5.过去进行时，在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。6.过去完成时，表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去” 。7.过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或将要存在的状态。另外，此处主语 dustbins 为动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。8.现在完成时，表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。9.一般将来时，表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态。.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1.The sun was setting when my car bro

11、ke (break) down near a remote village.2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course.Being too anxious to help an event develop often results(result) in the contrary to our intention.3.People stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows，hurrying ahead to get

12、 to a bargain.4.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking， ”Jane was_informed(inform).5.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He was_pretending(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6.Ill go to t

13、he library as soon as I finish what I am_doing(do).7.It is the most instructive lecture that I have_attended(attend) since I came to this school.58.In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.9.By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had_gradua

14、ted(graduate) from college.10.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who wears(wear) evening dress.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.It is the first time that he talked with his father face to face.talkedhas_talked2.The vase isnt belong to him.isntdoesnt3.She ins

15、isted that she organized the trip on her own.organizedorganize4.In the last twenty years，great changes have been taken place in our country.去掉 have 后的 been5.As time go by，online shopping is becoming more and more popular.gogoes6.Ever since middle school，my sister Wang Wei and I dreamed about taking

16、a great bike trip.在 dreamed 前加 have7.Hardly I sat down when I heard the shocking news.在 I 前加 had8.The book has translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.在 translated 前加 been9.The old man is happy because he is well taken care.在 care 后加 of10.The new teaching building was bu

17、ilded last year.buildedbuilt.语篇填空(用括号中动词的正确形式填空)How have you managed not to take a drink for almost 20 years？It 1._(take) me almost 20 years to have the courage to even ask my father this very personal question.When Dad first quit drinking，the whole family was on pins and needles every time he got i

18、nto a situation that，in the past，2._(start) him drinking again.For a few years we were afraid to bring it up for fear the drinking 3._(begin) again.“I had this little poem that I would recite to myself at least four to 6five times a day， ”was Dads reply to my 18year old unasked question.And then he

19、4._(share) the poem with me.About a month after this talk with my father，when I 5._(have) a rest，I received a gift in the mail from a friend of mine.It was a book of daily affirmations with one affirmation listed for each day of the year.It 6._(be) my experience that when you 7._(get) something with

20、 days of the year on it，you 8._(turn) to the page that lists your own birthday.I hurriedly opened the book to November 10 to see what words of wisdom this book had in store for me.There，on my birthday， was the exact same poem that 9._(help) my father for all these years！It 10._(call) the Serenity Pr

21、ayer.【语篇导读】 一位十八岁的儿子鼓起勇气问出了怀揣了将近二十年的问题：父亲是如何成功戒酒近二十年的。最后在朋友送的一本书上，正好在自己生日对应的那一页看到了父亲戒酒期间鼓励自己的祷告，体现了父亲为了儿子而戒酒的浓浓的父爱。1.took 从下文“For a few years we were afraid to.”的“were”可知，此处应该用一般过去时。2.would have started 句意：“父亲最初戒酒时，一旦他陷入过去再次喝酒的情景时，整个家庭就会坐立不安。 ”从上文“every time he got into a.”的谓语动词的过去式可知，此处表达的是过去肯定会发生的

22、事情。3.would begin 从句无谓语动词，且从上文“we were afraid to bring it up for fear”谓语动词 were 可知，此处缺少一个表示过去将来的谓语动词。4.shared 本句无谓语动词，从该句时间副词“then”可知，此处应为一般过去时。5.was having 由 when 引起的时间状语从句中从句部分无谓语动词，故 have 在本句应作谓语动词，又从主句的谓语动词 received 可知，当时作者应该是正在休息，收到礼物，故此处应该填动词的过去进行时，表示过去正在进行的动作。6.has been 此句为 it 引导的形式主语从句，be 在主句

23、中作谓语动词；由下文的“my experience”可知这样的事情已经发生多次，已成经验，故用完成时态。7.get 由 when 引起的从句缺少谓语动词，再由原文可知，这里表达的是一件经常发生的事情，故用动词的一般现在时。78.will turn 由 when 引起的时间状语从句中，从句的谓语动词 get 用一般现在时，主句就会用一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作。9.had helped 由于主句 therebe 句式的谓语动词 be 用过去时，而以 the poem 为先行词的定语从句中无谓语动词，需要一个表示发生在主句谓语动作之前的动作，故用过去完成时。10.is called 句子无谓语动

24、词，故 call 应作句子的谓语；而 it 与 call 之间是被动关系；文中讲的是书名，应为客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。第二课时 高考研究课动词的时态和语态在语法填空中的考查点规律方法“4 步法”确定动词的时态和语态第一步，确定句子是否缺少谓语：如果括号中给出的提示词是动词，首先要分析句子成分。如果句子缺少谓语，那么空格处应填谓语动词，就要考虑使用合适的时态和语态。第二步，确定时态：要根据具体的语境、时间状语或另一动词的时态来判断用哪种时态。第三步，确定语态：语态要根据主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系确定。主语和谓语动词之间是主动关系时动词就应用主动语态，是被动关系时就应用被动语态

25、。第四步，确定主谓一致：要注意谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。真题验证 11.Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.(2017全国卷)答案 were used 此处讲的是过去的事情，主语 Steam engines 和 use 之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。2.Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railway

26、s in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.(2017全国卷)答案 managed 此处讲的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语 engineers 和 manage之间是主动关系，故填 managed。3.When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国卷)8答案 are removed 填空处在句中作谓语。本文讲述的是现状，用一般现在时。主语是fat and salt，与

27、 remove 之间是被动关系，故填 are removed。4.Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017全国卷)答案 has been told/was told 句意应为“有人告诉过 Sarah，她可能是英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元” ，故句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。由于从句中的谓语动词 could be 此处也可以使用一般过去时的被动语态。5.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I s

28、hould take the offer now.But at the moment, school _(come) first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(2017全国卷)答案 comes 此句是直接引语，根据前后句子的谓语可知，动词 come 应该使用一般现在时。6.Pahlsson and her husband _(search)the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.(2017浙江卷)答案 searched 根据后面的 but turned up

29、 nothing 可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。7.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _(sweep)into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.(2017浙江卷)答案 swept 戒指被扫进垃圾堆里。主语 the ring 与动词 sweep 之间为

30、被动关系，故此处要用动词的过去分词形式。8.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国卷)答案 were 由前面谓语动词 believed, would remind 等使用过去时，可知此处 be 动词应使用过去时。9.It was raining lightly when I _(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.(2015全国卷)答案 arrived 在句型“be doing.

31、when.”中，前半分句中使用了过去进行时，后半分句中 arrive 应该使用过去时。910.This cycle _(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全国卷)答案 goes 此处谓语动词陈述了一种客观真理。动词的时态和语态在短文改错中的考查点规律方法3“从”原则1.从语篇和上下文整体把握时态；从时间状语上判断时态。

32、2.从连词前后看平行谓语动词的差异。3.从主谓关系上判断主动或被动关系。真题验证 21.When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！(2017全国卷)_答案 camecomes 本文整体用一般现在时，描述现状。此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。2.Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, bu

33、t once I started the car, my mind goes blank.(2017全国卷)_答案 goeswent 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。3. I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.(2017全国卷)_答案 hadhave 根据时间状语 in the past few years 可知，本句应用现在完成时。4. About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year

34、 of high school and became a new member of the school music club.(2017全国卷)_答案 tooktaken 由句子结构可知，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，故应用过去分词 taken。5. About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.(2017全国卷)_10答案 becomebecame 此句中的 enter

35、和 become 是并列谓语，应用一般过去时。6.However, my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.(2016全国卷)_答案 telltold 由前句中的时态 “didnt seem”，可知，后句中的谓语动词应用过去时。7.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.(2015全国卷)_答案 tellingtold 由并列连词 and 可知，telling 应该和前面的 saw 为

36、平行的谓语动词，故用 told。8.Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015全国卷)_答案 begunbegan 由并列连词 and 可知，begun 应该和前面的 was scared 为平行的谓语动词；且 begun 和主语 Tony 为主动关系，故用 began。9.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国卷)_答案 去掉 been 根据语境可知，show 和主语 studies 为主动关系。

37、第三课时 写作增分课时态、语态在写作中的增分点一、洞察“过去、现在和将来”写对句子1.我希望他度过一个愉快的生日。(hope, have a happy birthday)I_hope_that_he_has/will_have_a_happy_birthday.2.我们快一点，火车 4 点 30 分开。(leave)Lets_hurry.The_train_leaves_at_4：30.3.我在那个小学上过 6 年学。(study, the primary school, for)I_studied_in_that_primary_school_for_six_years.4.我不知道你已经

38、出国了。(go abroad)I_didnt_know_you_had_gone_abroad.5.如果你想上重点大学，你的英语必须很优秀。(be to, a key college, excellent)If_you_are_to_go_to_a_key_college,_your_English_must_be_excellent.6.像我们班主任这样的人理应受到尊重。(such.as, headteacher, be to, respect)Such_people_as_our_headteacher_are_to_be_respected.11二、知晓“何时完成”推敲句子1.我的表弟已

39、经回家了。他是上星期回家的。他已经走了一个星期了。他在这里呆了一个月。(cousin, go back home, stay)My_cousin_has_gone_back_home.He_went_home_last_week.He_has_been_away_for_a_week.He_stayed_here_for_a_month.2.他 2016 年搬到这里，自那之后他一直住在这里。(move, live, ever since)He_moved_here_in_2016_and_he_has_lived_here_ever_since.3.过去几年中国发展得很快。(develop r

40、apidly, past few years)China_has_developed_rapidly_in_the_past_few_years.4.他感冒已经快一个星期了，他是上周一得的感冒。(have a cold, catch a cold)He_has_had_a_cold_for_almost_a_week.He_caught_the_cold_last_Monday.5.上星期他没去青岛旅游，因为他以前曾经去过。(visit Qingdao)He_didnt_visit_Qingdao_last_week,_because_he_had_been_there_before.6.到下

41、周末为止，我离开家将有两个月了。(be away from, by the end of)By_the_end_of_next_week,_I_will_have_been_away_from_home_for_two_months.三、善辨“何时进行”优化句子1.我没有听懂我们老师说什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。(catch，think about，something else)I_didnt_catch_what_our_teacher_said,_because_I_was_thinking_about_something_else.2.你不必买那么贵的手机。科技发展很快，即使最新的型

42、号也会很快就过时。(expensive, cell phone, technology, develop rapidly, the newest model, out of date)You_neednt_buy_that_expensive_a_cell_phone.As_technology_is_developing_very_rapidly,_even_the_newest_model_will_be_out_of_date_soon.3.既然你总是玩电子游戏，你怎能赶上别人呢？(how can, when, always, play video games)How_can_you_c

43、atch_up_with_others_when_you_are_always_playing_video_games?4.明天的这个时候我们就会在一起高兴地交谈。我急不可待地想见到你。(talk together 12happily, cant wait to)Well_be_talking_together_happily_at_this_time_tomorrow_and_I_cant_wait_to_see_you.5.当他从昏迷中醒来之后，他意识到他已在那里躺了很长时间。(come to, realize, lie)When_he_came_to,_he_realized_he_ha

44、d_been_lying_there_for_a_long_time.四、巧用“主将从现”写美句子1.只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。(tell the truth, as long as, keep it to yourself)I_will_tell_you_the_truth_as_long_as_you_keep_it_to_yourself.2.一旦你到那里，请给我打个电话。(once, give sb a call)Once_you_get_there,_please_give_me_a_call.3.等到你下次来，我们的新房子将会盖好。你就可以和我们一起住了。(new hous

45、e, complete, by the time, stay)Our_new_house_will_have_been_completed_by_the_time_you_come_next_time.Then_you_can_stay_with_us.4.即使明天下雨，我们也不会改变计划。(change our plan, even if)We_wont_change_our_plan_even_if_it_rains_tomorrow.5.抓到这个被通缉的人或者提供有价值线索的人将得到一大笔钱。(anyone who, the wanted man, provide useful info

46、rmation, award, a large sum of money)Anyone_who_catches_the_wanted_man_or_provides_useful_information_will_be_awarded_a_large_sum_of_money.6.你越努力，你的进步就越大。(the harder, the greater progress)The_harder_you_work,_the_greater_progress_you_will_make.五、熟用句型“亮”化句子1.我正要离开这时我的手机响了。(be about to.when)I_was_abou

47、t_to_leave_when_my_mobile_phone_rang.2.我们正在上语文课，这时门开了，进来一个警察。(have a Chinese class, when, in come)We_were_having_a_Chinese_class_when_the_door_opened_and_in_came_a_13_policeman.3.当他们来到的时候，我的作业刚完成，正要去购物。(finish, go shopping, when)I_had_just_finished_my_homework_and_was_about_to_go_shopping_when_they_arrived.4.这是我第一次到上海，我感到一切都是那么神奇。(the first time, amazing)This_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_been_in_Shanghai_and_I_feel_everything_is_so_amazing.5.那是我第一次见到外国人