2019高考英语重难增分篇第二讲非谓语动词讲与练新人教版.doc

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1、1第二讲 非谓语动词李仕才第一课时 知识过关课复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点：1.句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分)2.时态和语态(以 do为例)不定式 ing 形式 过去分词一般式 to do doing进行时 to be doing主动完成时 to have done having done一般式 to be done being done被动完成式 to have been done having been donedone是唯一形式2时态与语态的判断方法：3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语充当句子成分 宾语和表语 状语 定语 宾补逻辑主语 句子的主语 所修饰的词 句子的宾语4.有特殊要求的动词或动词

2、短语(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如 ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(计划)，manage，do/try ones best，make an attempt，learn(学习)，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，would like，should like，would prefer(希望、愿意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，make a decision，make up ones mind(决定)，offer(主动提出)，apply(申请)，help(帮

3、助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford(负担得起)等。(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如 allow，permit(允许)，consider(考虑)，suggest，advise(建议)，keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish(完成)，imagine(想象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate，enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，f

4、orgive，pardon，excuse(原谅)，dislike(厌恶)，discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)，cant stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然开始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(坚持)，delay(推迟，延误)，put off(推迟)，give up(放弃)，be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)等。(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；forget to do(忘记去做)，

5、forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do(遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do(接着做另一事 )，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do(打算做)，3mean doing(意味着)；stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；cant help to do(不能帮助做)，cant help doing(情不自禁做)。(4)在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent/stop/keep.

6、from doing(阻止做)；spend/waste time or money in doing(在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How/What about doing sth(做怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难)；there is no sense in doing(做是没有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕

7、/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。(5)to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望)，devote.to/be devoted to(致力于)，be/get used to(习惯)，lead to(导致)，get down to(开始认真)，pay attention to(注意)，refer to(谈到)，point to(指向)，turn to(转向)，object to(反对)，be equal to(等于，能胜任)，belong to(属于)等。(6)在表示“需要”的 need，want，require 等后用 v.ing 的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用

8、不定式的被动式。(7)在 make，let，have(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号 to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上 to。在 hear，see，watch 等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上 to。此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时， v.ing 表示“令人的”事物；v.ed 表示“感到的” 。如：surprising 令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃惊的。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。思考：是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。Good af

9、ternoon，Ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to_introduce1 this English speech contest.As we all know，to_master 2 a foreign language is very important for us.Taking_part3 in English speech is a helpful way to_learn_English4.Everyone wants to_show 5 their best.When we have been preparing f

10、or it，we can improve our listening_and_speaking6 4ability，developing 7 a good habit of learning_English8.In the process of the competition，you should pay attention to the rules made_by_us9.First，you should make your voice heard10 clearly by everyone，so reading_aloud11 is very necessary.Second，you sh

11、ould try your best to_express12 yourself in English fluently.Finally，you should finish your speech in five minutes.I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied13 with our performance.Thank you!1.to introduce this English speech contest是不定式作真正的

12、主语，it 是形式主语。2.to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。3.Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作主语。4.to learn English是不定式作定语，修饰 way。5.to show their best是不定式作宾语，在 want，hope，decide 等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。6.listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰 ability，表示类别。7.developing a good habit of learning English是现在分词短语作状语。8.le

13、arning English是动名词短语作介词 of的宾语。9.made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。10.heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作宾补。11.reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。12.to express yourself in English fluently是不定式作目的状语。13.satisfied是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的” 。.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)1.Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appea

14、red in class one day，wearing(wear)sunglasses.2.I noticed a man sitting(sit)at the front.3.He spat it out，saying(say) it was awful.4.She wished that he was as easy to_please(please) as her mother，who was 5always delighted with perfume.5.For example，the proverb， “plucking up a crop to_help(help) it gr

15、ow”，is based on the following story.6.Simon made a big bamboo box to_keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.7.His first book to_be_published(publish) next month is based on a true story.8.Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study) abroad.Her parents are old.9.Sarah pretended to be cheerful，sa

16、ying(say) nothing about the argument.10.I had great difficulty finding(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.11.It rained heavily in the south，causing(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.12.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing(weigh) less

17、than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.13.I cant stand working(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to_stop(stop) talking while she works.14.As a result of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to_be_repaired(repair).15.Isnt it time you got dow

18、n to marking(mark) the papers?16.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting(set) up some schools for poor children.17.Tsinghua University，founded(found) in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding figures.18.Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself remi

19、nded(remind) of his own dreams.19.Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy had got a chance to become famous.20.Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left.21.Alexander tried to get his work recognized(recognize) in the medical circles.22.A great number of student

20、s questioned(question) said they were forced to 6practise the piano.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)动词不定式1.He managed escape from the fire.在 manage后加 to2.Nothing will make me to change my mind.去掉 to3.Mary doesnt have to be made learn because she always works hard.在 be_made后加 to4.He hu

21、rried to the train station，only find the train had gone.在 find前加 to5.Tired from work，he wants to do nothing but to watch TV.去掉 watch前的 to6.At present，I have no choice but wait.在 but后加 to7.You feel stressed out.Why not having a chat with our teachers？havinghave8.I dont think it possible to mastering

22、a foreign language without much memory work.masteringmaster9.Ive worked with children before，so I know what expect in my new job.在expect前加 to10.All of you can have another try if you want.在 want后加 to动词ing 形式11.In our city，there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food.去掉that/servingserve12

23、.You cant imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century.excitedexciting13.Sit beside me，my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she experienced in her dream.SitSitting14.We were kept to waiting for quite a lon

24、g time before the host turned up.去掉waiting前的 to15.On the Dragon Boat Festival，we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat race.watchedwatching16.It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it.copycopying717.Missing the train mean waiting for another hour.meanmeans1

25、8.The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age.increaseincreasing19.As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test，he spends most of his time improve this problemsolving ability.improveimproving20.It is reported that the hurricane caused great

26、 damage to the constructions of the town，with tens of hundreds of houses destroyed by the fallen trees.fallenfalling动词ed 形式21.Now when people refer to England you find Wales including as well.includingincluded22.Exhausting，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.ExhaustingExhausted23.The paintings bein

27、g stolen from the museum havent been found.去掉 stolen前的 being24.The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind.tyingtied25.Mr.Smith，tired of the bored speech，started to read a novel.boredboring26.Seeing from the space，the earth looks blue.SeeingSeen27.The architects inviting by the king tho

28、ught highly of the bridge built，and gave more suggestions before it was finished.invitinginvited；在 built前加being28.Keep in refrigerator，these vegetables will remain fresh.KeepKept29.Do you think the workers can get the job finishing on time？finishingfinished30.We hear it say frequently that what now

29、people most desire is security.saysaid.语篇填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空)1._(fall) in love with a beautiful lady，a lion went to her parents and asked them 2._(marry) her to him.The old parents did not know what to say.Not 3._(hope) to give their daughter to the lion，they did not want 84._(anger) the king of beasts.

30、At last the father said， “We are glad 5._(marry) our daughter to you，but we fear that you might possibly hurt her.So 6._(remove) your claws and teeth，you can marry her.”7._(love) the lady very much，the lion trimmed(修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth.8._(come) to the parents again，he was simply

31、 laughed in his face.9._(beat) out of the house，the lion felt 10._(depress) and died soon.【语篇导读】 这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。1.Falling a lion 与 fall是主动关系，用 v.ing 形式作状语，表示原因。2.to marry ask sb to do sth，不定式作宾补。3.hoping they 与 hope是主动关系，用 v.ing 形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they

32、didnt hope to.4.to anger want 后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王” 。5.to marry 在作表语的形容词 glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。6.removing you 与 remove是主动关系，用 v.ing 形式作状语，表示条件，相当于 if you remove.。7.Loving the lion 与 love是主动关系，用 v.ing 形式作状语，表示原因。8.Coming he 与 come是主动关系，用 v.ing 形式作伴随状语。9.Beaten the lion 与 beat是被动关系，用 v.ed 形式作状语，表示原因。

33、10.depressed 表示狮子“感到沮丧的” ，用 v.ed 形式作表语。第二课时 高考研究课非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点规律方法“4步法”轻松搞定语法填空第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分9根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，则用 v.ing 形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾

34、关系，则用 v.ing 形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或 v.ing 形式的一般式。真题验证 11.This included digging up the road，_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国卷)答案 laying laying 和句中的 digging up, building并列，作 inclu

35、de的宾语。2.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国卷)答案 to process require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事。3.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _(eat) more fast food people will get m

36、ore salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)答案 eating by 在此处表示“通过” ，是介词，后接动词ing 形式作宾语。4.But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _(rest).Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as a model in New York.(2017全国卷)答案 resting spend time (in) doing 花费时间做某事，为固定句型。5.But S

37、arah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国卷)答案 to prove 根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式作动词 want的宾语。6.Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _(cook)a meal.(2017浙江卷)答案 to cook 根据句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词 remove，故此处用不定式作目的10状语。7.M

38、y ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国卷)答案 introducing 动名词 introducing作 include的宾语。8.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likel

39、y _(bring) your work home.(2016全国卷)答案 to bring be likely to do.有可能做，为固定句型。9.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _(use) electric equipment.(2015全国卷)答案 using 介词后常常用动名词形式作宾语。10.When a new day breaks, the walls

40、have given up their heat and are now cold enough _(cool) the house during the hot day.(2015全国卷)答案 to cool be adj.enough to do 足够可以做，为固定句型。11.Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国卷)答案 livi

41、ng live 和 people之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。12.Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015全国卷)答案 conducted conduct 与其所修饰的名称 study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查点规律方法 1.正确分析句子结构。如果句中已有谓语动词，那么另外一个动词在无连

42、词的情况下要改为非谓语动词。2.根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，判断非谓语动词的形式。3.确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。114.牢记一些常用搭配。5.介词后常常使用动名词作宾语。真题验证 21.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国卷)_答案 wearwearing 介词后应使用动名词作宾语。2.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing

43、.(2015全国卷)_答案 lookslooking 介词后应使用动名词作宾语。3.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川卷)_答案 singsinging spend time (in) doing.为固定句型。4.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江卷)_答案 sitsitting enjoy 后常常接动名词作宾语。5.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have

44、 our barbecue.(陕西卷)_答案 havehaving 句中谓语动词为 sat，且句中无连词，故 have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状语。6.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(全国卷)_答案 HaveHaving 谓语动词为 provides，根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动名词 having作主语。第三课时 写作增分课 非谓语动词在写作中的增分点一、用不定式

45、或动名词作主语写句子1.如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是一件必须做的事情。(be admitted to a key college, learn English well, a must)Learning_English_well_is_a_must_if_you_want_to_be_admitted_to_a_key_college.(也可用 To learn。用 Learning时句子表达的是一般常识；用 To learn, you指的是具体的一个人)122.经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。(take exercise regularly, do a lo

46、t of good to, learn more effectively)Taking_exercise_regularly_will_do_a_lot_of_good_to_our_health,_which_can_also_help_us_learn_more_effectively.3.现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。(drop out of school, regret)To_drop_out_of_school_now_is_not_a_good_idea,_for_which_you_will_regret_in_the_future.二、用非谓语动词作表语写句子1.我的爱

47、好是听音乐和踢足球。(hobby)My_hobbies_are_listening_to_music_and_playing_football.2.我的职责是照看所有这些花。(duty, take care of)My_duty_is_taking_care_of_all_these_flowers.3.我的梦想是上重点大学。(dream, go to a key college)My_dream_is_to_go_to_a_key_college.三、用不定式作宾语、动名词作宾语写句子1.我下决心尽我最大努力来赶上别人。(determine, do ones best, catch up w

48、ith others)I_determined_to_try_my_best_to_catch_up_with_others.2.由于下雨，我没能按时到达那里。(because of, fail)Because_of_the_rain,_I_failed_to_get_there_on_time.3.我向我们的老师求助，他建议我每天练习说英语。(turn to somebody for help, suggest, practice, speak English)I_turned_to_our_teacher_for_help,_and_he_suggested_practicing_speaking_English_every_day.4.为什么不试着坐火车去旅行呢？坐火车既舒适又安全。(why not, t