2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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1、1Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars李仕才【短文语法填空】It is well known that the Chinese have great respect for their elders, and here is an occasion to show itthe Chongyang Festival. It falls 1. the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In Chinese, nine 2. (regard) as the number of “yang”. The ninth da

2、y of the ninth month is the day that has two“yang” numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double, which is 3. the name “Chongyang” came into being.The festival can date back to the Warring States Period. However, it was not 4. (formal) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. In 1989, the Chinese go

3、vernment 5. (declare) the ninth day of the ninth lunar month to be the Seniors Daya day to respect 6. elderly and to let them enjoy 7. (they)Traditionally, people climb mountains, drink chrysanthemum(菊花) wine, and eat Chongyang cakes. Since “cake” in Chinese is pronounced “gao” meaning “high”， peopl

4、e consider climbing a high mountain to be the same as eating cakes in the hope of 8. (promote) to high positions. And people often think that chrysanthemum wine can get rid of all kinds of diseases and 9. (disaster)Today many activities are held 10. (show) respect to the seniors like organizing a tr

5、ip for them, sending them gifts and more on the day of the festival.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的传统节日重阳节的历史发展、名称由来等。1on 解析：考查介词。重阳节是在农历九月初九这一天。在特定的某一天用介词on。2is regarded 解析：考查动词时态和语态。在中国，九被视为阳数。主语 nine和动词 regard之间是被动关系，表示“被视为” ，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。23how 解析：考查表语从句的连接词。九月的第九天含有两个阳数， “重”在汉语中表示“双倍”的意思，

6、这就是重阳节名称的由来。根据语境可以判断，空处表示“重阳节名称的由来” ，故用 how引导该表语从句。4formally 解析：考查副词。根据空处后的动词 set可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。5declared 解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“In 1989”可知，该句陈述的是发生在 1989年的事情，故用一般过去时。6the 解析：考查定冠词。the形容词，表示一类人。the elderly 表示“老年人”。7themselves 解析：考查反身代词。1989 年，中国政府宣布农历九月初九为“敬老节” ，以此来尊敬老人，并让他们过得愉快。enjoy oneself 意为“得

7、到乐趣” 。8being promoted 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空处前的介词 of可知，空处用动词的ing 形式；根据语境可知，主语 people和动词 promote之间是被动关系，表示“被提升” ，故用 being promoted。9disasters 解析：考查名词复数。人们常常认为菊花酒能消除各种疾病和灾难。根据该句中“diseases and”可知，空处用复数形式。10to show 解析：考查动词不定式。如今，人们举办许多活动如组织老人旅游、给老人送礼物以表达对老人的尊敬。根据句意可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。exist vi.存在；生存(1)exist on(liv

8、e on)sth.靠某物生存exist in 存在于之中exist as 作为而存在；以形态存在exist by 靠方式为生There exist(s)有/生存(2)in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence 产生；存在(教材原句)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.3它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多年。Does life exist on other planets?其他行星上有生命吗？As is known to us，China ca

9、me into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.众所周知，在 1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。单句语法填空(2017北京卷)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence (exist). harmful adj.有害的；伤害的(1)do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对

10、某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处(2)be harmful to.对有害处(3)do good to sb./do sb.good 对某人有好处do wrong to sb./do sb.wrong 冤枉某人(教材原句)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans

11、 and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(2016江苏卷)Droughts become more harmful(harm)than floods.干旱变得比洪涝更有害。Playing computer games will not only do harm (harmful) to your physical health，but it is also harmful (harm) to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to

12、give it up.玩电脑游戏不仅对你的身体健康有害，而且对你的身心健康也有害，因此建议你放弃玩电脑游戏是没有害处的。puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜(1)puzzle sb.使某人为难be puzzled by 被迷惑puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔细琢磨(2)be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解4(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的(教材原句)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that s

13、cientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(2016上海卷)“Patty Poem”leads the writer to recognize her love for puzzles(puzzle)“Patty Poem”使作者意识到她对“猜谜”的喜爱。Her puzzled (puzzle) look showed that she was_puzzled (puzzle) about what he said.Yes，it was really a puzzle because it was_puzzling (p

14、uzzle) that he would rather throw away the food than give it to those in need.What he said as well as what he did puzzled (puzzle) all the people present.她的困惑的表情表明她对他说的话感到迷惑。这的确是个谜，因为他宁可把那些食物扔掉也不给那些急需的人的做法令人困惑。他所说的和他所做的让在场的人感到困惑。pull n America just got in the way.The Spanish were after the riches of

15、 Asia: silk, dates, spices. Until later adventurers discovered how to sail to the Far East, trade with China depended on the Silk Road. The trade between China and Europe brought huge wealth, so the Spanish had a strong desire to find a new way to the East. Eventually a way appeared; as sea traffic

16、developed from the 17th Century onwards, the overland route diminished.Now China is seeking to revive(复兴)the Silk Road and is preparing to invest 4 trillion pounds in new roads, rail links, oil pipelines and other basic facilities. It is hoped that goods can be shipped westwards by land far more qui

17、ckly and economically than by sea.But the plan is also to attract more tourists. Actually, China does pretty well for tourists already; its the worlds fourth most visited country. Two cities Beijing and Shanghaipossess the tourism business, with significant 11interest in destinations such as Xian an

18、d Chengdu. While Beijing is modern, cities such as Lanzhou and Dunhuang have one foot planted firmly in old China.Other places featured include Xian, the former capital of China, where you can come face to face with the Terracotta Army built to protect Chinas first emperor in the afterlife. From Lan

19、zhou tour members take the train to Jiayuguan, Chinas western gateway and a key location on the Silk Road.There is also a fourday coach journey along the original Silk Route through the Xinjiang region to Kashgar. Along the way, at Kurla, you can visit the ruins of the Iron Fortress.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。

20、在古代，丝绸之路促进了东西方商品和文化的交流，后来没落了。但是最近几年，中国复兴丝绸之路的计划使它又焕发了活力、魅力。【长难句分析】Other places featured include Xian, the former capital of China, where you can come face to face with the Terracotta Army built to protect Chinas first emperor in the afterlife.(倒数第二段第一句)分析：本句是复合句。where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Xian。译文：其他比较重要

21、的旅游地还包括西安，它曾是中国古代的都城，在那里可以看到为保护去世的中国第一个皇帝而建的兵马俑。1What does the underlined word “diminished” in Paragraph 2 mean?ADiscovered. BDisappeared.CDisturbed. DDisplayed.答案与解析：B 考查词义猜测。该题提问的是划线词的含义。根据第二段最后两句中的“the Spanish had a strong desire to find a new way to the East. Eventually a way appeared; as sea tr

22、affic developed from the 17th Century onwards”可知，当时西班牙人找到了一条更快、更方便的通往中国的海路，因此随着海上贸易的发展，那条陆地上的丝绸之路逐渐废弃，消失不见了。由此可推断出， “diminish”应意为“消失” 。故选 B。2What is the purpose of reviving the Silk Road?ATo rebuild the ruins of the Iron Fortress.BTo construct new roads and other basic structures.CTo make transporta

23、tion westwards faster and cheaper.DTo draw more inland tourists attention to the western gateway.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。It is hoped that goods can be shipped westwards by land far more quickly and economically than by sea.(第三段第二句)12译文：中国希望通过陆地比通过海洋能够更快、更经济地将商品运送至西方。该题提问的是复兴丝绸之路的目的是什么。根据关键句可知，这是为了更快、更便宜地将商品输

24、送至西方。故选 C。3What can we learn about the Silk Road?AIt is nothing but a trade route.BIt may destroy some cities ancient style.CIt attracts foreign investment of 4 trillion.DIt promotes the tourism industry of China.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。But the plan is also to attract more tourists.(第四段第一句)译文：但是，该计划也是为了吸引更多的

25、游客。该题提问的是关于丝绸之路我们可以了解到什么信息。根据关键句可知，复兴丝绸之路也是为了吸引更多的游客，促进中国旅游业的发展。故选 D。4What is the best title for the text?AThe charming of the Silk RoadBThe function of the Silk RoadCThe origin of the Silk RoadDThe future of the Silk Road答案与解析：A 考查标题概括。根据文章内容可判断出，本文主要讲述的是：在最近几年，丝绸之路又焕发出了魅力和活力，它不仅方便了商品的运输，而且促进了中国旅游业的发展。A 项体现了本文的主题，适合用作标题。故选 A。