2019高考英语一轮基础选习题模块5Unit3Scienceversusnature（含解析）牛津译林版.doc

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1、12019 牛津译林高考英语一轮基础选习题：模块 5U3李仕才一、阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。WELCOME TO THE RONALD REAGANPRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUMVisit the limitedtime “Interactive！The Exhibition” at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum and save more than 30% on museum admission tickets with an aud

2、io tour.WHENThrough Feb.28,2017WHATS INCLUDED$19(reg.$28)Admission for one person to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum，including “Interactive！The Exhibition” with an audio tour.Please note：the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience will be an additional cost and participants must be 10 yea

3、rs old or above.WHY WE LOVE ITThe exhibition is a handson experience focusing on movies，TV，music and the artsExperience virtual reality,1980s video games，robots,3D printingClimb aboard Air Force One，view the expensive comfortable presidential car and a Marine One helicopter.Explore Reagans legacy(遗产

4、)：Step into an Oval Office copy and see a piece of the Berlin Wall The audio tour has more than 50 stops and original material not copied in the exhibitsWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWThis is a seasonspecific event.All sales are final.No refunds(退款)or exchanges.Not valid after the expiration date.Valid any re

5、gular museum operating day through Feb.28,2017.Museum hours are 10 am.5 pm.，seven days a week.Valid for one person.Cannot combine with other offers.Must use in one visit.Tickets include admission to “Interactive！The Exhibition” and the entire museums galleries and grounds.1What can visitors do while

6、 visiting the library and museum?2AFly on Air Force One.BExperience virtual reality for free.CApproach technology of different times.DLearn about the presidents daily routine.2What does the author say about the admission ticket?AIt can be enjoyed with other offers.BIt allows limitless visits to the

7、museum.CIt isnt accessible to children.DIt cannot be changed once sold.3What type of writing is this passage?AA notice. BAn official report.CAn advertisement. DA tour review.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。1C 考查细节理解。根据 WHY WE LOVE IT 部分中的“Experience virtual reality,1980s video gam

8、es，robots,3D printing”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20 世纪 80 年代的电子游戏、机器人、3D 打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。故选 C。2D 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“All sales are final.No refunds(退款)or exchanges”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。故选D。3C 考查推理判断。根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。故选 C。二、单项选择。1.Ive had a bad cough recently.Me too. Ive nev

9、er experienced _ of air pollution in cities before.A. an acute problem B. a more acute problemC. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem【答案】B【解析】考查形容词比较级表示最高级概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我从来没经历过(比这)更严重的空气污染问题。从 never , before 可以看出原来从来没有比这更严重的，本句中用形容词比较级表达的是最高级的概念，一个的问题，用 a。32.Recently, a video _ “tiger at

10、tack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible.A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled【答案】B【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段标题为“动物园里老虎的攻击”的视频在因特网上迅速传播开来，并引起了一场关于实际上由谁来承担责任的热烈讨论。3.The pupils in our school like readi

11、ng after lunch, most of _ seated on the grass unless it rains.A. them B. whom C. that D. who【答案】A【解析】本题看似在考查代词、关系代词的用法，实际上最主要的还是与非谓语动词有密切关系。根据题干可知， 句中的 seated 为过去分词， 因此选 A 项， 构成独立主格结构“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校学生喜欢午饭后读书，除非下雨，他们中大多数人就坐在草坪上读书。4.Can you tell me what it mean

12、s by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?It implies that drug users find themselves _ in a prison from which they cannot escape.A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping【答案】C【解析】句意：吸毒者发现他们被困于监狱中而不能逃跑。trap 与 themselves 是动宾关系，所以用

13、过去分词作宾语补足语。故选 C。find 后面作补足语的不定式不带 to；B、D 两项为主动意义。5. _ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here.A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached【答案】B【解析】我们可以将 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句

14、意：附在礼物上的是一张便条，便条上说对在他在这里逗留期间我们给他的接待表示感谢。46.Trump Tower, _ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58story skyscraper _ inMidtown Manhattan.A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating【答案】A【解析】Trump Tower 与 serve 是主谓关系，因此用现在分词，由此可以排除 B、C 两项；表示“位于某地点” ，用

15、固定短语“be located in.” ，因此第二空用过去分词。句意：川普大楼作为川普集团的总部，是一座坐落在曼哈顿的一栋 58 层的摩天大楼。7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _ by the police determine thepunishment, _ from a small fine to life imprisonment.A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged【

16、答案】A【解析】 catch 与 person 之间是动宾关系， 因此要用过去分词， 排除 C、 D 两项； range from.to.意为“从到” ，不用被动。句意：一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重。范围从少量罚金到终身监禁不等。8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _ in the world.A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard【答案】A【解析】句意：女性应该得到尊重，她们的声音

17、应该让全世界人听到。 “make宾语过去分词”这个结构表示“使得被” ，符合语境，make their voices heard 表示“让她们的声音被听到” 。9.Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析

18、】句意：由于他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷走了，所以警察正在调查，将把他送往一个社会救助站。根据句意可知，用“名词过去分词”这个独立结构，因为 steal 与5名词 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都为动宾关系，所以用过去分词。10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _ for public opinions by the cyberspaceauthorities, has drawn wide public concern.A. releasing B. having released C. to

19、release D. released【答案】D【解析】 句意： 网络部门发布的未成年人网络保护条例草案， 引起了社会的广泛关注。 根据题意可知， release 和 draft 之间是动宾关系，即用过去分词作定语。11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _ the use of alternative energy sources.A. applying to B. compensating for C. catering to D. pushing for【答案】D【解祈】句意：为了防止进一步的污染，许多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。

20、apply to 适用于，应用于； compensate for 赔偿；cater to 迎合；push for 努力说服，力劝，呼吁。12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _ in consideration of his service.A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of【答案】C【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作为的报酬，作为的酬劳。句意

21、：客人对那位服务员很满意，所以给了他一笔小费以酬谢他的服务。13.Im sure that she will remember the great favour he has _ by offering her a home.A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed【答案】C【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“帮某人一个忙” 。the great favour 是先行词，后面是定语从句。句意：我肯定的说，她会永远记住他给予了她一个家的恩惠。14.Large quantities of informa

22、tion as well as some timely help _ since the organization was built.6A. has offered B. had been offeredC . have been offered D. is offered【答案】C【解析】as well as 连接两个名词词组作主语时，动词要与前一个名词词组在数上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；再结合语境可知，此处应该用现在完成时。故选 C 项。句意：自从该组织成立以后，它提供了大量的信息还有及时的帮助。15.Difficult a

23、s the task was _, they never gave up and kept trying all the time.A. to be accomplished B. to accomplish C. being accomplished D. to have been accomplished【答案】B【解析】句意：任务尽管很难去完成，他们却从未放弃并一直在尝试。此题是 as 引导的让步状语从句与 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的结合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。三、完形填空。When I was just out

24、of college，I managed to get my dream job as a trader in New York City on the floor of the American Stock(证券)Exchange.Though it was a proud _1_，the job was simply too physically _2_ I must stand in a crowd every day，which often _3_ me in a mindset(思维模式)that held me back.Manhattan is a walking town an

25、d its difficult to _4_ when you have a disability.Taxies are expensive and riding the subway _5_ dozens of steep steps to get below the _6_.This left me only one _7_the bus.One night，after the _8_ for my job，I was aching with selfpity _9_ it started to rain on my walk to the bus stop.I became more a

26、nd more _10_ without an umbrella，thinking Id never _11_ it in this city and telling myself， “this city is just too hard” and “maybe it is just not possible for a guy like me”And then，I _12_ the most beautiful，short moment.A couple came rolling by on roller skates，hand _13_ hand as they skated what s

27、eemed like the 7tango.They were all wet but they saw the _14_ as an opportunity and romance.I suddenly became grateful for waiting in the rain because I _15_ have missed this beauty _16_ if I had been in a taxi or on the subway.This，although _17_，was an important moment on my journey to discover the

28、 _18_ of achieving health and happiness.When I change my mindset，_19_ for a moment，to what is possible and work to get rid of the selflimiting beliefs that _20_ my daily actions，I will be on the road to a healthier，happier life.1A.adjustment BachievementCagreement Dtreatment2A.tiring BboringCrelaxin

29、g Ddisappointing3A.reminded BexpectedCtook Dleft4A.go up Bget aroundCset off Dshow up5A.requests BsupportsCrequires Dsurrounds6A.ground BstreetCtown Dcity7A.change BchanceCidea Dchoice8A.struggle BworkCexperience Dinfluence9A.before BwhileCwhen Dafter10A.nervous BcuriousCscared Dupset11A.get BmakeCp

30、ut Dwatch12A.recalled BobservedCwitnessed Drealized13A.on BbyCto Din814A.rain BtreeCwind Dcloud15A.shall BwouldCneed Dmust16A.exactly BinstantlyCentirely Dsuddenly17A.strange BsmallCnormal Ddifferent18A.humor BhonestyCpower Dprinciple19A.still ByetCalso Deven20A.affect BfollowCforbid Dharm【解题导语】本文是一

31、篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。【核心词汇】go up 上升 get around 四处走动set off 出发 show up 出现，到场1B 根据第一段中的“I managed to get my dream job”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选 B 项，achievement 意为“成就” 。adjustment“调节” ；agreement“同意，一致” ；treatment“治疗，

32、对待” 。2A 根据本句中的“I must stand in a crowd every day”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选 A 项，tiring 意为“累人的，令人疲倦的” 。relaxing“令人放松的” ；disappointing“令人失望的” 。3D 根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式” 。“leavesh.宾补”表示“让某人” ，故选 D 项。remind“提醒” ；expect“预期” 。4B 根据上文的“Manhattan is a walking town”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(get around)

33、的。go up“上升” ；set off“出发” ；show up“出现，到场” 。5C 根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求” ；support“支持” ；surround“围绕” 。6A 根据本句中的“the subway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选 A 项。97D 句意：这让我只有一种选择公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。8A 句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可

34、推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历” ；influence“影响” 。9C 参见上题解析。when 在此处表示“当的时候” ，符合语境。10D 根据上文的“it started to rain”和空后的“without an umbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。11B 根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。make it 是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事” 。12C 句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜

35、冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起” ；observe“观察” ；witness“目睹” ；realize“认识到” 。13D 句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。hand in hand“手拉手地” ，是固定搭配，故选 D 项。14A 根据上文的“it started to rain”和“They were all wet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。15B 句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由 if 引导的对过去的虚拟

36、句，结构为“if主语had过去分词，主语should/would /couldhave过去分词” ，所以选 B 项。16C 根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选 C项。exactly“正是，恰好” ；instantly“立即，马上” ；entirely“完全地” ；suddenly“突然” 。17B 虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的” ；small“小的” ；normal“正常的” ；different“不同的” ，故选 B 项。18C 根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor

37、“幽默” ；honesty“诚实，正直” ；power“力量” ；principle“原则” 。19D 句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使” 。still“仍然” ；yet“还，然而” ；also“也，而且” ；even“即使” 。20A 根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念” 。10四、七选五。Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of c

38、hanges，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good!Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called

39、 hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings.Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, gr

40、owing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thou

41、ghts and get calmer. Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing.ATake a timeout.BBut the truth is，it happens t

42、o every teen.CWork out regularly to keep physically fit.DThis changing is needed for your bodys development.EIt will help you fall asleepand start the morning right.FHere are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.GUsually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.【语篇解读

43、】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。1B 由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选 B 项。112D 由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D 项中的“This changing”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选 D 项。3F 空前的“an emotional roller coaster”与 F 项中的“make the ride smoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F 项符合文意。4A 由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A 项正确。5E 空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”与 E 项中的“It”对应，空前的“when you wake up”与 E 项的“start the morning right”对应；空前的“when you go to bed”与 E 项的“fall asleep”对应。所以选 E 项。