2019高考英语一轮基础步练Unit22EnvironmentalProtection（含解析）北师大版必修8.doc

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1、1Unit 22 Environmental Protection李仕才【阅读理解】The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card (信用卡) fraud.Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal website(非法网站).Websites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care.On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card i

2、nformation may never receive the goods they thought they bought.The thieves then go shopping with your card number or sell the information over the Internet.Computer hackers(黑客) have broken down security(安全) systems,raising questions about the safety of cardholder information.Several months ago,25,0

3、00 customers of CD Universe,an on-line music retailer(零售商),were not lucky.Their names,addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a website after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information.Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud.Mastercard is working on

4、 plans for webonly credit card,with a lower credit limit.The card could be used only for shopping on-line.However,there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated(欺骗).Ask about your credit-card firms on-line rules: Under British law,cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any

5、 fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.And shop only at secure sites;send your credit-card information only if the website offers advanced secure system.If the security is in place,a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen.The website address may also start the extra “s” stands for sec

6、ure.If in doubt,give your credit-card information over the telephone.Keep your password(密码) safe: Most online sites require a user name and password before placing an order.Treat your passwords with care.1.What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?A.A lot of stolen credi

7、t-cards were sold on the Internet.2B.Fraud on the Internet.C.Many websites are destroyed.D.Many illegal websites are on the Internet.2.What is the meaning of “fraud”?A.Cheating.B.Sale.C.Payment.D.Safety.3.How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?A.The customers give them the inform

8、ation.B.The thieves steal the information from websites.C.The customers sell the information to them.D.The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms.4.You are shopping on a site starting and you want to buy a TV set,what does this article suggest to do?A.Order the TV set at once.B.Do not bu

9、y the TV set on this site.C.E-mail the site your credit-card information.D.Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.参考答案： 1.B; 2.A; 3.B; 4.B解析： 本文介绍了网上黑客人员盗用信用卡资料进行欺骗的行为以及我们该怎样防卫的措施。1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句(因特网已导致使用信用卡欺骗的行为大量增加)可推知此题答案为 B项。2.A 词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句(你的卡上资料可能会在网上非法出售)和第四段最后一句(可采用下列

10、步骤防止受欺骗)可推知此题答案为 A项。3.B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的提醒(当心那些提供便宜商品或服务的网址)可推知此题答案为 B项。也可采用排除法:根据文章内容,排除 A、C 两项(并且此两项也不合情理);根据文章第四段第一句可知选项 D也不正确。因此选 B项。4.B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的说明:安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个3小字母,或在网址中有一个字母 s,而问题中的网址中没有字母 s,从而可推知此题答案为 B项。完形填空If youre the smartest person in your circle, youre in the wrong circleyouv

11、e outgrown it.Its time to move to the next _1_This saying encourages people to _2_ more by hanging out with those who are more driven and _3_ than they are.I heard this saying _4_ to me from my daughters friend this past week.Ally, Wes and I have been running for upcoming _5_Im going to do another 5

12、K and Ally and Wes are going to do the 12mile obstacle course._6_， their training is more intense than mine, but when I was in _7_ with them last week, Wes suddenly said, “You should _8_with us！”“You mean do what youre doing？” I asked, with a surprised _9_ on my face.“Exactly， ” he answered.“You can

13、 do it! You _10_ need someone to push you.”As much as I _11_ to admit it, he was right.I needed to _12_ outside my comfort zone.I always let them run ahead of me, content to run at my own comfortable pace.But that was the _13_Id grown too comfortable with my training.I hadnt been pushing myself. Eve

14、r since I had the surgery in April, I was a little _14_ about running again.I was afraid to even try _15_ that night when Wes pushed me into itand outside my comfort zone.He was right! I was able to runonly about 5 minutes at a time before I had to walk againbut it was a(n) _16_And that was all I ne

15、eded to get back at itno longer afraid to train harder.Recently I have _17_ my “training circle” to include Ally and Wes, and he wasnt afraid to push me.So, how are the circles in your life? Are you being _18_ in every area of your life, or are you very comfortable these days, not being _19_ at all,

16、 still living inside your comfort zone? If youre the most _20_ one, then its time to get into a new circle or at least add to your existing ones.【解题导语】 如果你在一个圈子里首屈一指的话，那么你就该改变一下，走出安乐窝了。41A.pattern Blevel Citem DstandardB 解析：根据文章第一句话可知，此处指是改变圈子，也就是移动到下一个“层级(level)”的时候了。2A.appreciate BpayCachieve Dsol

17、veC 解析：这句话鼓励人们“取得(achieve)”更多的成就。3A.honest BexperiencedCpotential DmatureB 解析：根据语境及空前的“more driven”可知，此处指与那些更有干劲和“经验丰富的(experienced)”人为伍，向他们学习。4A.directly BimmediatelyCsuddenly DgraduallyA 解析：此处指上周作者从女儿的朋友口中听到了这句“直接(directly)”对自己说的话。5A.sports BexamsCraces DperformancesC 解析：从下文的“another 5K”“the 12mil

18、e obstacle course”可知，此处指的是即将到来的“竞赛(races)” 。6A.Hopefully BThankfullyCFortunately DObviouslyD 解析：根据语境可知，作者的女儿及其朋友的训练强度“明显(Obviously)”大于作者的。7A.company BloveCtouch DrelationA 解析：根据下文的“You mean do what youre doing”可知，此处指但是上周，当作者“和他们一起(company)”去训练时，Wes 对作者说作者应该和他们一起参加同样强度的“训练(train)” 。in company with sb

19、.意为“和某人一起” 。8A.play BexerciseCtrain DgoC 解析：参见上题解析。9A.appearance BviewCmanner DlookD 解析：对于 Wes这样的提议，作者应该是觉得不可思议，因而脸上流露出一副吃惊5的“表情(look)” 。10A.still BjustCeven DneverB 解析：根据语境可知，此处指 Wes说：“你能做到，你只是(just)需要有人敦促你”。11A.expected Bagreed Chated DfailedC 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者心中明白 Wes说的是对的，就是“不愿意(hated)”承认。12A.spre

20、ad Bshift Cimmigrate DstepD 解析：此处指作者需要“走出(step)”自己的安乐窝。13A.opinion Bsight Ccomment DproblemD 解析：呼应首段首句，指作者以自己觉得舒服的速度来训练，这就是“问题(problem)”所在。14A.particular BnervousCconfused DexcitedB 解析：此处是倒叙，指作者四月份动了手术之后，对再次跑步感到有点“紧张(nervous)”。下文中的“afraid”亦是提示。15A.since BifCafter DuntilD 解析：那时候也是 Wes鼓励作者重新开始跑步的。在 We

21、s敦促作者之前，作者甚至都不敢试一下。until“直到为止，在以前” 。16A.stop Bstart Cend DdistanceB 解析：作者之前害怕跑步，后来能跑五分钟，这是个(好的)“开始(start)” 。17A.entered BtracedCdrawn DenlargedD 解析：根据语境可知，最近作者“扩大(enlarged)”了训练圈子。18A.shocked BchallengedCstricken DfrightenedB 解析：根据语境可知，此处指的是你在生活中的任何一个领域都挑战自我吗？challenge“挑战”符合语境。619A.shaken Bstretched

22、Cpunished DstimulatedB 解析：这些天你是否依然非常舒服地生活在你的安乐窝里，没有“全力以赴(stretched)”？stretch“使全力以赴，使发挥出全部本领” 。20A.confident Bspecial Csuitable DindependentC 解析：如果你是圈子中最“适合的(suitable)” ，那么是时候进到一个新的圈子里了。语法填空A school in Sarajevo not only accepted a deaf student, but also 1._(teach) the entire class sign language to al

23、low them to better communicate with him.The heartwarming story began in September last year 2._ a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood 3._(accept) her sixyearold son, Zejd, who has a 4._(hear) disability.The teacher, Sanela, agreed almost immediately, 5._ on the first day of school, sh

24、e noticed Zejd 6._(sit) all by himself, unable to communicate with any of his classmates.Sanela, 7._(determine) to find a way out, tried developing a few signs of her own.But a parent of another child came up with 8._ even better ideagetting the whole class to learn sign language along with Zejd.So

25、they got a sign language teacher on board, and three months later，Zejd was able to communicate 9._(happy) with all his classmates about regular things like homework and 10._(game)【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述萨拉热窝的一所学校不仅接受了一个名字叫作 Zejd的有听力障碍的学生，而且还请老师教整个班级学生手语来方便他们更好地和Zejd进行交流的故事。1taught 解析：考查动词的时态。通读全文可知，本文整体

26、时态为一般过去时，所以空格处应用 teach的过去式形式。故填 taught。2when 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“September”，从句中缺少时间状语。故填 when。3to accept 解析：考查非谓语动词。ask sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事” 。故填 to accept。4hearing 解析：考查词性转换。hear 为动词，此处应用 hear的名词形式 hearing7作定语修饰“disability” 。hearing disability意为“听力残疾，听力障碍” 。故填hearing。5but/yet

27、 解析：考查连词。句意为：Sanela 老师几乎立刻同意了，但是在开学的第一天，她注意到 Zejd独自一人坐着，不能和班级的任何同学交流。前后两个分句为转折关系。故填 but/yet。6sitting 解析：考查非谓语动词。notice sb.doing sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事” 。感官动词 notice之后常接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。故填sitting。7determined 解析：考查词性转换。此处用 determine的形容词形式 determined作状语，表示主语“Sanela”当时所处的状态。故填 determined。8an 解析：考查冠词。句意为：但

28、是另一个孩子的家长想出了一个更好的主意根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，意为“一个更好的主意” ；且 even的读音以元音音素开头，故填 an。9happily 解析：考查词性转换。在英语中，常用副词修饰动词。此处应用 happy的副词形式修饰动词“communicate” 。故填 happily。10games 解析：考查名词的数。根据上文“regular things”可知，此处应为复数含义，game 为可数名词。故此处应填其复数形式 games。、七选五Selfconfident people face their fears headon and they know that no matt

29、er what obstacles come their way，they have the ability to get past them.Wouldnt it be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what？You can.1. Stay away from negativity.2 This is a tough one，but its time to seriously consider getting away from those individuals who put you down and shred yo

30、ur confidence.Even a temporary break from Debbie Downer can make a huge difference and help you move toward more selfconfidence.Be positive.Put some positive enthusiasm into your interactions with others and hit the ground running，excited to begin your next project. 3. Instead，begin to focus on solu

31、tions and making positive changes.Dont accept failure.Never give up.Never accept failure and get rid of the negative voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.4. Make this your new mantra(真言)Succeeding in a difficult or unpleasant situation is a huge confidence booster(激励)5 Learn everyth

32、ing there is to know about your field，job，presentation8whatever is next on your“to conquer”list.If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up，your selfconfidence will rise very quickly.ABe prepared.BCreate a great list.CGet out of your comfort zone.DStop focusing on the problems in your l

33、ife.ETherefore，why would you want to stop trying?FHeres how you can learn to be confident of all you do.GEvaluate your inner circle，including friends and family.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高自信的一些方法。1F 解析：根据空前的“Wouldnt it be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what？You can.”及下文罗列的内容可知，此处需填一

34、个承上启下的句子，故 F项“这是你可以学会对你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法。 ”符合语境。2. G 解析：根据小标题“Stay away from negativity.”以及 G项中的“friends and family”与空后句子中的“those individuals”的对应关系可知，G 项符合语境。3D 解析：根据小标题“Be positive.”及空后的“Instead，begin to focus on solutions and making positive changes.”可知，空处所填内容与其后面的内容之间存在转折关系，故 D项“不要再关注你生活中的问题。 ”符合语境。

35、4E 解析：根据空前的“Never give up.Never accept failure and get rid of the negative voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.”可知，空处所填内容与上文存在因果关系，故 E项“因此，你为什么想要放弃努力呢？”符合语境。5A 解析：根据最后一段中的内容尤其是“If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up.”可知，本段介绍的提高自信的方法是要做好准备，故 A项符合语境。、短文改错Mistakes ar

36、e unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference.I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.W

37、henever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English.Just as the saying goes， “Every bean has its black.”

38、Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.【答案】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a itthemdifference.9I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I athealways kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes

39、. Before long my makemakingteacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thatwhatthought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my discouragingdiscouragedclassmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined mustcouldan English club to get mo

40、re chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can inmademakestalk in English.fluentfluentlyJust as the saying goes， “Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of bemaking mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us.第一处：itthem。考查代词。根据语境可知，第二句中“towards”的宾语指代的是第一句的主语“Mistakes” ，故用 them。第二

41、处：athe。考查冠词。根据前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，该处特指上文中“提高英语口语水平”的开始，故用定冠词。第三处：makemaking。考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法，意为“避免做某事” 。第四处：thatwhat。考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句，what 既作宾语从句的引导词，也作从句中及物动词 thought的宾语，而 that在从句中不能作成分，故将 that改为 what。第五处：discouragingdiscouraged。考查

42、形容词。根据从句主语 I可知，该处应用discouraged形容人，意为“沮丧的” ；discouraging 形容事物，意为“令人沮丧的” 。 第六处：mustcould。考查情态动词。根据语境可知，该句使用了虚拟语气，表示“过去本能够做却没有做” ，故用 could have done。第七处：删除 in。考查固定搭配。该处指“参加英语俱乐部” ，参加某个组织用 join，而join in为固定搭配，意为“参加活动” ，故删除 in。第八处：mademakes。考查主谓一致和时态。句意：熟能生巧。该句为一般真理，故用一般现在时；该句主语为 Practice，为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式，故用 makes。第九处：fluentfluently。考查副词。根据该句中的动词“talk”可知，此处修饰动词，故用副词形式。第十处：afraid 前加 be。考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句，afraid 为形容10词，故 afraid前加动词原形 be。