2019高考英语一轮优练题Unit5Thepowerofnature（含解析）新人教版选修6.doc

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1、1The power of nature李仕才(选修 6 Unit 5)【短文语法填空】As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive.Li worked as a

2、 miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he

3、studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown

4、or white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art.【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述 38岁的李健忠回到老家继承中国传统文化，学习制作糖画的故事，文章还说明了糖画的制作。1.distant【解析】考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词 memory，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填 distant。2.keeping3.the【解析】考査冠词。

5、上文提到他做过十多年矿工，故此处表示他所在的矿井关闭以后，为特指，故填 the。24.to【解析】考查介词。句意：他转而去做房屋装修的工作了。 turn to“转而做，转向”是固定词组。故填 to。5.was forced【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：直到他因为手指受伤而被迫放弃。此处讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，句子的主语和 force之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语和是第三人称单数。故填 was forced。6.himself【解析】考查代词。句意：由于他的村子里没有糖画手艺人，因此他自学制作糖画。by oneself固定用法，表示“独自地，全靠自己地” ，故填 himsel

6、f。7.variety【解析】考查词性转换。句意：他很快掌握了这项技术并能制作出各种各样的糖画。a variety of“各种各样”是固定短语，故填 variety。8.melted9.normally【解析】考查词性转换。句意：手艺人们通常用糖浆在石板上画动物和花。修饰谓语动词用副词作状语，故填 normally。10.what【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所的东西” ，what 引导主语从句，作主语、宾语或者表语。故填 what。.阅读理解(2016合肥第一次质检)ABlue whales are the largest animals

7、ever known to have existed on the planet,and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330,000 3pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have migrated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercia

8、l whaling ended in 1965.The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that were once sighted off California shores,suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migrat

9、ion pattern between the coasts.Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s,blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s,whaling severely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific,making si

10、ghtings in this area rare.However,much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study sh

11、ows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the wes

12、t coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now,the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns,but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.1.According to the passage,blue wha

13、les are . A.following a fixed route of migrationB.dying out due to commercial whalingC.moving from the south to the northD.rarely found in the Southern Pacific2.The whale population in the North Pacific . A.is different from the California populationB.is probably part of the California population4C.

14、has become the largest group since the 1970sD.has lived there since the 1960s3.The underlined word “cetaceans” in Paragraph 5 probably means . A.land creaturesB.whale speciesC.ocean conditionsD.migration patterns4.What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?A.Commercial whaling.

15、B.Weather conditions.C.Life reproduction.D.Food resources.B(2016山西考前质检)Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change.In fact,they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future,growing bigger and healthier than they can at present-day temperatures.Evidence gathered over the

16、past decades has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters,or else face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.Earlier this month,Philip Munday of

17、 James Cook University,and his colleagues showed that one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such an adaptation.The fishs ability to swim seems to be unchanged,but as Munday noted,“Maybe well see trade-offs wi

18、th growth rates.There are no free lunch in this world.”Donelson from Sydney raised several groups of maroon clownfish(小丑鱼),which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at 5temperatures representing present-day conditions on the Great Barrier Reef,from where the parents of

19、 the fish were collected.In addition,she kept another group at 1.5 warmer and a third group at 3 warmer,representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century.After a year of growing,the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures,upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代谢),which seemed to

20、 contribute to other benefits:those raised at temperatures 3 warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29 percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures.Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will cope with climate change.“But at least it wont be all negative ne

21、ws for all species,”she says.5.The main idea of the first paragraph is that . A.some fish can adjust to warmer watersB.some fish can grow bigger at present-day temperaturesC.some fish may die out in cooler watersD.big fish can survive the temperature change6.One specific kind of fish adjusts to the

22、changed surroundings by . A.switching their genes on and offB.growing quicklyC.training their ability to swimD.living in a group7.From Donelsons experiment,we know . A.the clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier ReefB.she raised the fish in two different temperature conditionsC.after a years

23、 growing,the fish failed to adjust to warmer temperaturesD.the fish raised in the warmest water grow largest and heaviest8.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Different species will deal with climate change in the same way.B.Climate change has a positive effect on all the species.C.Fish i

24、s not the only species that can meet the challenge of climate change.6D.Species which can adapt to climate change would survive.CKanda really doesnt like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that hed rather driveeven though he liv

25、es close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter， ” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.”So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings

26、，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a persons shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicat

27、e.Its even equipped with a smile.Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech s

28、oftware provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say， “In a big parking lot，sometimes I forget where I parked.”They tested the robot on 15 volunteers,10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(

29、蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded， “Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robots weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies， ” he s

30、aid.Just like a human partner，Kandas bot isnt perfect.Its not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it cant really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was comforted by the bots presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being

31、with someone， ”he said， “particularly when it spoke.”1Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner?ABecause he wants someone to accompany him while walking.7BBecause he has never developed a robot like a parrot.CBecause his family are unwilling to walk with him.DBecause he is

32、 crazy about developing robots.2What characteristic does the robot have?AIt can “speak” and “see” BIt can walk like a human being.CIt can communicate with people freely.DIt is much more humorous than a real person.3What is necessary for the robot to function?AA small size. BA boxy shape.CA human par

33、tner. DA speech software.4What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next?ATo make it more convenient to carry.BTo improve its conversational skills.CTo enable it to walk in heavy rain.DTo better its sound system.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。【难句分析】So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, devel

34、oped a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out.and exercise more.分析：本句是一个复合句。who 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Kanda; that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 a robotic walking partner；which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面的整个分句。译文：因此专门研究类人机器人的 K

35、anda发明了一个可以陪人们散步的机器人，这个机器人能够基于周围的环境和人闲谈，他希望这样可以激发人们走出去，多锻炼。1A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter， Kanda said.But they are not always available. ”可知，Kanda 发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选 A。2A 考查推理判断。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker, and an internal camera allo

36、w it to communicate”以及第三段的“Then they programmed.with a voice”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选 A。10D 考查细节理解。根据第二段倒数第二句“A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to communicate”和第三段的“Then they programmed.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，这种机器人是要配备8麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选

37、 D。3B 考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句的“it cant really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来 Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选 B。.七选五阅读(2016郑州第一次质检)Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理学).

38、Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 1 Form a hypothesis(假设 ).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 2 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your

39、experiment. Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal si

40、tuation is to always perform experimental research. 3 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data. Collect data. 4 If the data collected is not recorded and organized,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do thi

41、s may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost. Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized,it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.Publish the information learne

42、d.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 5 Most psychological 9experiments are published in scientific journals. A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions.B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.C.Before ps

43、ychologists start the experiment, they must plan out the steps.D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded.G.Some

44、times,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.短文改错I stare from the window of my hotel room.A older gentleman was helping a young girl as she struggled walk down the beach.I ate in the hotel restaurant in that evening.I watched as the same young girl continued to get

45、up from the table and reach for her walker.She grasped it firmly with both hand,leaning heavy.She made her way out of the restaurant,smile.As I drank me coffee in the hall the next morning,I noticed a sign saying “Special Olympics Relays”.Ah,I thought,that mustnt be what the walking lessons were all

46、 about.考点规范练(选修 6 Unit 5).【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。1.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“.the whales may be following their food moving farther north.”可推出,蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选 C项。102.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely par

47、t of the California population.”可知,选 B项。3.B 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify the blue whales,the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean.”可知,为了辨认蓝鲸,研究者看在北太平洋拍的有关 cetaceans的照片,所以 cetaceans应该指的是鲸类。故选 B项。4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.but they suspect that the whales may be following t

48、heir food moving farther north.”可知,研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选 D项。【解题导语】本文为说明文。文章向我们介绍了有些鱼能够适应气候的改变。而且最近的研究表明,一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,但鱼类并不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种。5.A 段落大意题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知,最近的研究表明一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,故选 A项

49、。6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.one key tropical fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes.”可知,这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变,故选 A项。7.D 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“.which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.”可知 A项错;根据第三段中的 She kept one group和“.she kept another group.and a third group.”可知,她养了三组小丑鱼,B 项错;根据第四段的内容可知,一年后,小丑鱼适应了更温暖的温度,并且在温度最高的水域里,小丑鱼长得最大最重,故 C项错误,D 项正确。8.C 推理判断题。根据本段的大意可知,Donelson 说很难预测不同的物种如何应对气候变化,但对于所有的物种来说并不都是坏消息,由此可推知,鱼类不是唯一可以适应气候变化的物种,故选 C项。.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要阐明了如何在心理学实验中使用科学的方法。1.B 根据空前的 the scientific met