2019高考英语一轮优练题Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8.doc

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1、1Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才(选修 8 Unit 3)【短文语法填空】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1. (clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines. Le Trung has spent 14,000 2. (create)Aiko,who he describe

2、s as “in her 20s” with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3. she can do Mr Trungs accounts. Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4. (find) a real partnerso he designed and created his ideal wo

3、man 5. (use) the latest technology. The former software 6. (program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko. He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7. human as possible so she can be th

4、e perfect companion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so shes already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family comes around 8. (visit).She helps me choose 9

5、. to have for dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10. (help) me with directions when were going somewhere.She doesnt need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never complains.She is the perfect woman.” 答案1.cleaning 2.creating 3.that 4.to find

6、 5.using6.programmer 7.as 8.to visit 9.what 10.helps2.阅读理解AIBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli” in National Harbour,Maryland.The carreally,a small busis capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBMs “Watson” system,pulling vast amounts of data on

7、 its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If youre running late one day or Watson uses weather data to figure out that its about to rain,or that traffic will get worseOlli might tell you th

8、eres no time for coffee.Ask it when youll arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times” this summer.Later this year,it will be used in Floridas Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Googles driverless

9、car prototype(模型)but Jay Rogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says theres a problem with the Googles business model.“Google doesnt make cars,”he explained.While thats not strictly truethe company does have its own self-driving car prototypeGoogle is working with traditional auto

10、makers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars arent legal in every state.“A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in

11、2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.Were a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors major problem is legislation,not technology.Theyre already equipped to produce and delive

12、r the cars wherever theres demandthough its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.31.Whats Ollis major feature?A.It is an electric vehicle.B.It doesnt need a driver.C.It can take 12 people at once.D.It can communicate with passengers.2.What does Rogers think of Googles driverless cars?A.Th

13、ey will be Ollis strong competitors.B.They cant be driven on public roads.C.They have a big technical problem.D.They wont be mass-produced.3.What does the underlined word “nimble” in the text mean?A.Able to adapt easily.B.Able to act quickly.C.Fully developed.D.Highly creative.4.Why will Olli not ap

14、pear in great numbers?A.Because it is still in the testing stage.B.Because many people cant afford to buy it.C.Because Local Motors has low productivity.D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America.B(2016武汉武昌调研)Brooke Martins golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She

15、would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pe

16、t owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesnt have to 4answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.Its a two-way audio and videoyou can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her

17、 invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After

18、 Martins video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3Ms consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.

19、This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dogs end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your

20、dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guid

21、ance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.Langer-Anderson tries to help the students work through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids dont get

22、 buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch” wins in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs separation anxiety56.“iC

23、Pooch” calms pet dogs by . A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC. answering the callD.giving them food7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?A.Competitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.D.Companions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new

24、inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.C阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny

25、things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laughand the more reasons there are，the more powe

26、rful the joke will be.I was attending a standup comedy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets

27、carelessly.The joke wasnt only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians.That is，people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.The better a joke

28、 makes a person feel，and the more it includes other 6psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you were

29、nt jealous of him.In short，we dont laugh only when we hear something funny；we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else lau

30、gh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a persons emotions，he will certainly like it a lot.1What did the author find out after studying psychology?AOnly good jokes make people laugh.BMany factors lead to peoples laughing.CFunny things can make people laugh.DLaughter can make people he

31、althy.2Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?AThey played a trick on the pedestrians.BThe pedestrians behaved in a funny way.CThey could feel the pedestrians happiness.DTheir emotion was approved of by the show.3What does the underlined word“belittling” probably mean?AAnnoy. BBlame.CLoo

32、k down on. DMake up to.4Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?【解题导语】本文主要分析了人们笑的原因。【难句分析】For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you

33、 werent jealous of him.分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个 if 引导条件状语从句；that 引导定语从句，在从句7中作主语，修饰先行词 a joke；第二个 if 引导虚拟条件句。译文：譬如，如果你妒忌你的一个朋友，有人讲了一个有趣同时让你朋友看起来傻乎乎的笑话，那么你有可能比你不妒忌他时笑得更大声。1B 考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other tha

34、n the funny part of a joke”可知，作者在学了心理学之后发现，笑不仅仅是因为事情好笑，还有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影响，故选 B。2D 考查推理判断。根据第二段最后一句“That is，people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got”可推知，人们对行人的行为大笑的原因是他们在心理上产生了共鸣，故选 D。3C 考查词义猜测。根据最后一段

35、倒数第二句“I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh”可推知，动词 belittle 和短语 make fun of 是近义词，结合选项可知，应选 C。annoy“使恼怒” ；blame“责怪” ；look down on“蔑视，瞧不起” ； make up to“接近、奉承、补足” 。4B 考查推理判断。结合全文可知，第一段导入话题；第二、三段通过具体事例进行分析；根据文章最后一段的开头“In short”可知，最后一段属于总结；由此

36、可知，本文属于总分总的结构，符合本文结构的图表是 B 选项。.七选五阅读(2016重庆第二次诊断)How to Get on a Reality TV ShowThink carefully before you leap!Being on a reality TV show is about being exposed.And that exposure is to everyone,including your family,friends,neighbors,and your former school teachers.Is this something you can handle?

37、 1 If youre not worried about this,then youre ready!On the other hand,if you value your privacy and reputation intensely,reality TV stardom may not be for you.Give it up before things get difficult if thats the case! 2 For a brand-new show,read whatever is already available in the media about the sh

38、ows intended themes,content,time slot,and audience. 3 This is probably easier if youve watched it without fail since it began. 8Be practical.When you assess your suitability to go any further,some of the things that you should keep in mind include being realistic.It makes little sense to apply to be

39、 in a weight loss show when youre already at an ideal weight. 4 If youre applying for a show wanting people with a business background or a college education and you dont have one,again,it may not be worth your while. Know why you want to do this.The shows producers will want a strong,well-founded r

40、esponse. 5 Telling them “I want to be famous”rarely distinguishes you from every other person wanting the same.Be confident in what you believe you can contribute to the show while focusing on your hoped-for outcome. A.Can you actually sing,dance,act,etc.,as required?B.Learn all that you can about t

41、he show before applying.C.Do you mind if people who used to know you talk about you?D.Nor is it wise to try modeling when your height isnt what theyre looking for.E.Do you have to eat things that are simply awful and that youd never think of eating in a million years?F.Give an answer that shows your

42、 strengths,your interesting points,and a desire to be a good role model.G.For an existing show,it makes good sense to be up-to-date about the entire show from its previous seasons.短文改错I once took part in a speech contest.Such difficult was the topic that I completely had no idea about it.Even a time

43、 for preparation was so limited.I felt hopeful and wanted to give up.And deep in my heart I didnt want to be a failure.So I recovered my courage and take the contest seriously.I kept remind myself,“If I try my best,I wont feel regretful,whichever the result is.”In the following days I struggled my g

44、oal.At the end,all my efforts paid off.I won 9first prize,which was much better than what I had expected it.考点规范练(选修 8 Unit 3).【解题导语】本文是说明文。电动汽车 Olli 不仅可以无人驾驶,还可以与乘客互动,回答乘客的各种问题。1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It uses IBMs Watson system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.”及

45、第二段内容可知,通过 IBM 的认知系统 Watson,Olli 可以与乘客互动。2.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“But driverless cars arent legal in every state.A company like Fiat Chrysler wont put out vehicles they cant sell everywhere,.”可知,由于无人驾驶汽车不是在每个州都合法,因此与谷歌合作的汽车厂商不会大规模生产无人驾驶汽车。3.B 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“The company designed Olli in 2015 and official

46、ly approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.”可知,Local Motors 从设计 Olli 到上路只用了一年多的时间,由此看出,Local Motors“动作迅速”,堪为行业领头羊。4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“.its a small company,so dont expect too many of them.”可知,由于 Local Motors 是家小公司,生产能力有限,因此不会有大批量的 Olli 上市。

47、【解题导语】本文介绍了一位 16 岁的中学生发明了一种远程照顾宠物狗的设备,并因此进入探索教育 3M 青年科学家挑战赛的前十名。5.D 主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位 16 岁的中学生发明了一种设备,这种设备能让狗和主人视频,让狗在主人离开时不感到焦虑,故选 D 项。6.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“.a device that allowed pet owners to 10video chat with their pets!”可知,iCPooch 通过让狗主人和狗视频聊天,从而让狗安静下来。故选 A 项。7.C 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“These finalists.are w

48、orking with mentors over the summer.”可知,这次青年科学家挑战赛的决赛选手已经和指导者一起工作了一个夏天,画线词应表示“指导者”,故选 C 项。最后一段的 with the guidance from a mentor 也是提示。8.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第二句“Their projects include a fuel cell.and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or calling.”可知,这些决赛选手的发明可能帮助解决日常生活中的问题,故选 B 项。.【解题导语】本文为说明文。文

49、章向我们介绍了如何上电视真人秀节目。比如说,上节目之前要认真考虑,了解你会被提问的问题及你的答案等。1.C 本段讨论的话题是你一旦上了电视真人秀节目,认识你的人会议论你,因此在上节目前你要认真考虑。故选 C 项。空后一句中的 this 指代空处所在句的内容。2.B 本题是选择段落主题句。由上下文中段落主题句的结构可知,空处需要一个简洁的祈使句。再结合本段内容可知答案为 B 项。3.G 由空后一句中的“.if youve watched it without fail since it began.”可知,此处谈论的是一个已经播出过的节目,而不是一个全新的节目。故选 G 项。4.D 本段谈论的主题是要现实一点,选择恰当的节目。本段中所举的例子均是围绕这一话题的。故选 D 项。5.F 由空后的“Telling them I want to be famous.”及空前的“The shows producers will.response.”可知,此处谈论的是你在申请参加节目时会被问到的问题和你的