2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）（含解析）.doc

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1、12019 版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）李仕才A(2017陕西省高三质检)Many people have bought insurance，either life or property(财产)，commercial or compulsory.Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function.Insurance is the sharing of risks.Nearly everyone is exposed to a risk of some sort

2、.The house owner，for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea. If

3、these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.In other words，the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many.This is the basis of insurance.Those who pay the contribution are known as the insured and

4、 those who manage the_pool_of_contributions as insurers.The legal basis of all insurance is the policy.This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality.It states that every year the insured shall pay an amount of money，which is called the premium；in return, the insurer will pay

5、 an amount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happens.The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area

6、 of insurance and they may lose business.On the other hand，if they make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business.So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.1The underlined phrase in P

7、ara.2 most probably means_Amoney paid by the insurers2Beach premiumCmoney paid by all those insuredD the cost of administering insurance2Insurance premiums do not become too high because_Anot many people insure themselvesBpremiums depend on the risk of lossesCinsurers have to be more competitiveDins

8、urance companies can never lose money3According to the passage, insurance business gains profit because_Amore and more people buy insuranceBthe firms have sound managementCthe premium is increased year by yearDonly a few of those insured suffer losses4The purpose of the passage is to_Aexplain an ins

9、urance policyBintroduce insurance businessCpersuade people to be insuredDwarn people of possible losses【解题导语】 本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。1C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool, there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.”可推知，the pool of contr

10、ibutions 表示投保人所投的钱。2C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If companies fix their premiums too high, there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.”可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能会失去业务，故选 C。3D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire nor every

11、 ship is lost at sea.”“enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”和“the losses of the few”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。4B 解析：写作意图题。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍的是保险业务，故选 B。3B(2015呼和浩特第一次调研)Many people may be surprised by the number of chemicals that they are exposed to through everyday h

12、ousehold products.In a study 25 women had their homes and bodies tested for 89 environmental pollutantsincluding pesticides(杀虫剂) and chemicals found in plastics and cleaning products. On average 20 chemicals were found on their bodies or in their homes.Much is unknown about the possible health effec

13、ts of chemicals in everyday household products. But certain chemicalslike phthalates (邻苯二甲酸盐) found in plasticshave been linked to potential health risks, including higher risks of certain cancers, though the evidence mainly comes from research on lab animals. Other household chemicals are known to

14、harm the skin, eyes and airwaysand may worsen asthma(哮喘). Many more chemicals found remain untested.Chemicals likely come from a range of sources, so it is not always clear how to reduce peoples exposure, according to Dr Rebecca Altman, the lead researcher on the new study.In the original study, she

15、 noted, women were given advice based on the particular chemicals they were exposed tosuch as using fragrance, free washing liquid and personalcare products.For the current study, Altman and her colleagues interviewed two dozen women whod taken part in the previous study to see how they would react

16、to information about their household chemical exposures. They found that the women 4were generally surprised at the range of chemicals found in their homes and bodies. They were also surprised that even some banned things were found.With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals

17、 unanswered, some experts worry that giving people information about their everyday exposures will cause unnecessary fear. However, the researchers found that the women in their study were typically not alarmed，and instead wanted “more rather than less” information on the issue.1Which of the followi

18、ng statements about chemicals in household products is TRUE?AIt is uncertain what effects some chemicals have on health.BLong term exposure to them is certain to cause a deadly illness.CIn the study it was found that certain chemicals can cause cancers.DSome of them have bad effects on health, while

19、 some have good effects.2The underlined word “airways” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to _Athings that look like fine threads growing in the bodyBthe passage running from your nose and throat to the lungsCthe passage between rows of rooms in a buildingDthe area just inside the front door of a b

20、uilding3Why is it not clear how to reduce exposure to chemicals?ABecause all everyday products contain chemicals.5BBecause much is unknown about the sources.CBecause measures have not been tested for their effects.DBecause chemicals come from a variety of sources.4According to Dr Rebecca Altman，_Awo

21、men were more likely to be harmed by chemicalsBit is unnecessary to inform people about the study resultsCfragrant products may contain harmful chemicalsD further study on everyday products should be done immediately【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，阐述了人们在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的化学成分可能给人的健康带来的诸多影响。1解析：选 A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句“M

22、uch is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everyday household products.”，该段最后一句“Many more chemicals found remain untested.”及文章最后一段第一句“With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals unanswered.”可知，目前家居用品所含的化学成分对人的健康的影响还有很多是不确定的。故答案选 A。2解析：选 B。词义猜测题。首先，从构词法的角

23、度来看，airways 由 air(空气)和ways(道路)构成。再根据其前所并列的 skin，eyes 可知，airways 应该是身体的某组织或器官，再根据破折号后的“and may worsen asthma(哮喘)”可知，airways 指的应是人的呼吸道。故答案选 B。3解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Chemicals likely come from a range of sources，so it is not always clear how to reduce peoples exposure”可知，可能的化学污染源太多、太广，因此尚不清楚要如何减少化学物质对人

24、们的危害。故答案选 D。4解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第五段“In the original study.given advice 6based on the particular chemicals they were exposed tosuch as using fragrance，free washing.”可知，研究者们会根据妇女可能接触到的一些特殊的化学物质，如芳香剂、免费洗手液和其他个人护理产品提出一些建议。由此可知，有香味的产品可能会含有有害物质。故答案选 C。CA recent research shows that the “short sleepers” had bee

25、n more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness a

26、s interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “n

27、ormal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and

28、then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleep

29、s since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时

30、间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。1According to the report, _.Amany “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagersBmany “short sleepers” were forced to reduce their nightly sleep timeCmany “long sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hours7Dmany “long sleepers” had kept their sleepi

31、ng habits since childhood答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案 D 符合文义。2Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that _.Asleep could make people appear active and cheerfulBsleep was the least important on their daily ro

32、utinesCthey were acceptable to all their friends and familyDthey were less extreme than many mental patients答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案 B 符合文义。3It can be concluded from the t

33、hird paragraph that _.A “short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselvesB “short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problemsC “short sleepers” shortened the sleeping time because of pressuresD “short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第

34、三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed.”可推知，答案 B 符合文义。4What is the purpose of writing this passage?ATo introduce the result of a recent research.BTo advise people to sleep for a longer time.CTo show the disadvantages o

35、f short sleeping.DTo explain the advantages of long sleeping.答案：A 写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案 A 符合文义。D(2015贵阳高三适应性监测考试)Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas

36、 station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to visit a friend. 8While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款机), I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke began pouring from the back of my car. I

37、stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friends. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote him and his wife a tha

38、nkyou note for helping me. Soon afterwards, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In the late afternoon I returned to my car and found that Id l

39、eft the lights on all day, and the battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealershipa shop selling carswas right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck

40、to my car and started it. They would accept no payment. When I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say “thank you”， and it meant a lot, he said.“Thank you”two powerful words. Theyre easy to sa

41、y and mean so much.1Why did the writer get into the old couples car?9AHis parents were in the car. BHis car had broken down.CHis friend told him to do so. DHis cars oil had run out.2From the text, we know that the old couple were _Atalkative Bbrave Ckind Dlonely3What did the old couple think of help

42、ing the writer?AThey could get a reward. BIt made their holiday worthy.CThey did it by chance. DIt was due to a thankyou letter.4What would be the best title for the text?AAn Experience to Missouri BAn Old CoupleCA Meaningful Holiday DA Meaningful Thankyou【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述两个自己在遇到困难时得到他人无私帮助的故

43、事，说明了在接受帮助时表达感谢的重要性。1解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“black smoke began pouring from the back of my car”可知，作者的车出故障了，所以他才坐老夫妇的车。故答案选B。2解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，这对老夫妇让作者搭他们的车去见10朋友，作者下车后，老夫妇还给了他一张名片，在作者寄去感谢信后，这对老夫妇给作者寄了一个圣诞礼物，由此可知，这对夫妇很善良。kind 意为“善良的” ，符合文意。故答案选C。talkative 意为“健谈的” ；brave 意为“勇敢的” ；lonely 意为“孤独的”

44、，均不符合文意。3解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.”可知，这对老夫妇认为，帮助作者让他们的假期很有意义，这一切都是值得的。故答案选 B。4解析：选 D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了两个自己受到帮助的故事。每一次受到帮助后，作者都会通过写便条来表达自己对他们的感谢。 “感谢”二字虽然说起来容易，但是意义重大。由此可知，D 项“一个有意义的感谢”概括出了文章的主旨，最适合做这篇文章的标题。故答案选 D

45、。EFidel Castro was born at his fathers farm on August 13, 1926. His father, Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growing sugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Oriente Province.Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher i

46、n Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized(洗 礼 )into the Roman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school in Santiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the privately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945 he transferre

47、d to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geography and debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.In 1945, Castro began studying law at the University of Havana, where he became involved in s

48、tudent activism, and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S. 11interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of University Students on a platform of “honesty, decency and justice”. C

49、astro became critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Graus government, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers.In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated social justice, honest govern