（考前辅导）中考英语考能提升阅读任我行（二）人教新目标版.doc

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1、1巧解任务型阅读能够在阅读所给语言材料的基础上对相关信息进行加工，读透文章、把握主题、理清文脉，完成相关指定的任务。重点：能够深刻理解文章、把握主题和审清题意，利用阅读技巧和扎实的基本功解答试题。难点：如何提高阅读速度和阅读能力，以及理清文章的逻辑关系，真正地理解语言背景。中考英语任务型阅读就是在遵循“课程标准”的基础上，根据任务型教学设计而成的一种新题型。该题型要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，它主要考查学生根据所提供的语言信息具体解决实际问题的能力。1、命题特点任务型阅读题型丰富，近年来考查形式大致如下：完成表格型、翻译句子型、判断正误型、阅读填空型等。试题既可以按

2、照其中一种形式出现，也可以混合出现。读写结合，既增加了试题的难度和区分度，又有效地促进了英语学习朝着实用性的方向发展，符合了新课改的要求。2、题型及解题技巧从问题设置上，可以将任务型阅读理解总结为以下几种类型：1. 完成表格型（1）题型分析该题型考查考生对信息处理的多种能力，要求考生在理解文章的基础上，获得与所提供材料相关的信息，同时要按一定的要求，用特定的词汇进行信息输出。在考查考生对直接信息的理解能力和获得信息能力的基础上，更注重考查考生对间接信息的获得能力以及语言概括和表达能力。（2）解题技巧边读边圈出与设题有关的信息句和关键词，细心查找答案，一般能在文章中直接找到答案。在锁定信息来源后

3、，用文章中的词或其适当形式填空。作答时一定要注意字母大小写、单词的正确形式、人称等细节问题。阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成表格。An American named Crum invented potato chips in 1853, although that was not his intention (意图). He was a chef at a beautiful restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. A regular dish on the menu was fried (油炸的)potatoes, which was an idea

4、 that had started in France. At that time, French fried potatoes were cut into thick slices (片). One day, a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick. So Mr. Crum cut the potatoes a 2little thinner and fried them. The guest did not

5、like those either. That made Mr. Crum angry, so he thought he would just show the man. He sliced the potatoes paper-thin and fried them, thinking that the man would say nothing about it. However, to his surprise, the man loved the thin potatoes very much. Other guests tried them and also liked them.

6、 So, Mr. Crums potato chips were added to the menu. They called Saratoga Chips. Finally, Mr. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell his famous chips. Now potato chips are packaged (包装) and sold in stores. Who invented 1 ?2 was an American chef at a restaurant. A dinner guest 3 his fried potatoes to

7、the chef because they were so thick. The chef was probably glad in the end because 4 . Now potato chips are packaged and also sold 5 . 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了炸薯片的发明过程。它是由一名厨师偶然发明的，很快受到欢迎。1. potato chips 思路分析：整体理解题。通读全文可知，本文就是讲的炸薯片的发明过程。2. Crum 思路分析：细节理解题。文章开头就告诉我们一个叫 Crum 的美国人发明了炸薯片，他是一名厨师。 3. sent back

8、思路分析：细节理解题。从文章的第二段的第一句 “One day, a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick.”可知答案。 4. he opened his own restaurant to sell chips 思路分析：推理判断题。从文中最后一段的 “Finally, Mr. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell his famous chips.”推断厨师可能很高兴。

9、5. in stores 思路分析：细节理解题。从文章最后一句“Now potato chips are packaged （包装）and sold in stores.”可得出答案。 2. 翻译句子型（1）题型分析此类题型难度较大，要求较高，灵活性强，要求学生根据对文章的理解，翻译其中的一句话，主要考查学生的阅读能力和语言运用能力。（2）解题技巧解答此类题型时应该做到几点：1. 要根据上下文，不要断章取义；2. 翻译时要与汉语语言习惯相联系，不要逐词翻译；3. 注意文化差异，习语及谚语的灵活翻译；4. 注意熟词新义，以及短语的灵活翻译。（河北中考）Today the most modern

10、television has been on the way of development.Question: 将文中画线句子译成汉语。答案：今天/当今最现代化的/最新式的电视已经处于发展进程之中。思路分析：翻译该句关键是对短语 on the way 的准确理解。平时该短语经常译为“在去的路上”，放在此处显然不通顺，应该结合上下文译为“处于发展进程中”。33. 判断正误型（1）题型分 析此类题型考查学生的分析、理解、应用、归纳和判断能力。根据文章内容对所给题干判断正误，这类题型所给题干与原文仅有微小差别，如不细心或理解稍有偏颇就会判断错误。（2）解题技巧做此类题型时，建议大家使用对照法，即将原

11、文中与题干意思相近的句子或段落找出来，与题干一一对照，详细区分，切不可片面理解，更不可想当然。Soccer is one of the most popular sports in our modern world. But many years ago, each country had its own kind of soccer game with its own rules判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）Soccer is the only popular sport in our modern world. ( )答案：F 思路分析：该句的意思是“足球是现代世界唯一受欢迎的

12、体育运动”，与原文 Soccer is one of the most popular sports in our modern world.进行对照，可知该句与原文意思不符。4. 阅读填空型（1）题型分析此类题型大致可分为三种情况：1. 根据所给阅读材料填单词，使短文大意与原材料相近，多为原文的缩写；2. 在文章空白处填入适当的单词或短语，使句意完整、上下文语意通顺；3. 根据短文内容改写同义句，考查大家灵活运用各种句式的能力。（2）解题技巧第一种题型在填空时只要先找到原文中意思相近的句子，然后换一种表达方式即可；第二种题型主要考查大家的理解能力以及对词汇、句式、语法等的综合运用能力，一定要

13、注意上下文意思的连贯性，通常需要填连词、代词或名词。第三种题型应该结合平时积累，灵活运用各种句式，答题时要特别注意人称和时态。一、（河北中考）In todays world of mobile phones, most people have at least one time-telling tool with them. Since these small machines are so common, will people stop wearing the 500-year-old watches? According to some people, yes. A teenager s

14、ays its unnecessary to wear a watch. Many young people agree and use their mobile phones to tell time. Louis Galie, a president, said that fewer young people wear watches today than five years ago. However, watchmakers say that watches get popular again when people reach their 20s and 30s. By then,

15、they want to spend money on a nice time-telling tool which doesnt just keep a good time. For this reason, the watch industry has become an accessory business (配件业) in recent years. Todays _ offer a lot of uses that meet the need of almost any personality (个性). They can be used as compasses (指南针), ca

16、lendars, and even USB drivers第 1 题完成句子；第 2 题将文中横线处空缺的一个单词，填写在下面的横线上41. Many young people agree that its unnecessary to _. 2. _ 1. 答案：wear a watch / wear watches 思路分析：题干的句子是文章第一段“A teenager says its unnecessary to wear a watch. Many young people agree and use their mobile phones to tell time.”的缩写。2.

17、答案：watches 思路分析：空格后的意思是：提供了大量几乎能够满足任何个性化需要的用途。分析句式可知空格处应该填名词，由谓语动词 offer 或后面的代词 they 可知，应该是可数名词复数。再结合上文一直在介绍手表的使用情况，故填 watches。二、 Time is important for everyone. It organizes our everyday moments. However, before I received a watch from my father, time never had any importance in my life. It organiz

18、ed my life and made me more responsible. I got to my fathers house at 2:00 p.m. that day. Looking at my fathers face, I felt ashamed (羞愧的) at that moment. My father asked me to sit next to him and he handed me this watch as a gift.1. 将文中处画线句子改为同义句。（每空一词）Time didnt have any importance in my life _ I

19、received a watch from my father.2. 请改写文中处画线部分，使其句意不变。（每空一词）When I _ _ my fathers face, I felt ashamed (羞愧的) at that moment.1. 答案：until 思路分析：notuntil意为“直到才”，引导时间状语从句，可以与 before 或 after 引导的时间状语从句互换。2. 答案：looked at 思路分析：Looking at my fathers face 是现在分词作状语，可以与 when 引导的时间状语从句互换，一定要注意时态。Andy was still tra

20、veling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm (确认) his _(1) time with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still

21、had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine oclock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didnt lose any time.

22、He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain. Too quickly, the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He

23、went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise. “Why, sir, but your flight was at nine oclock in the morning, and now it is eight in the 5evening.” “But I confirmed my flight,” insisted Andy. “Will I have to pay for another ticket?”“No, sir. However, the next flight

24、 out will be three days from now.”Andys _(2) of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation.任务一：请根据短文内容，分别写出（1）、（2）处所缺单词（每空限填一词）1. (1) _ (2) _任务二：根据短文内容补全句子（每空限填一词）2. (1) He visited as many places as _.(2) From the passage we know Andy could _ his holiday.任务三：请把上文

25、中划线的句子翻译成汉语。3. _任务四：根据短文内容判断正误（“T”表示正确，“F”表示错误）4. Andy was late for 10 hours that day. ( )【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，安迪还在西班牙旅行的时候，他意识到应该向航空公司确认一下回去的航班，由于他的西班牙语不是很好，打电话时出了差错，他确认的航班早已起飞的故事。1. (1) flight (2) look / expression 思路分析：第一个空我们可以根据句子后面的短语来确定 with the airline company 和航空公司，所以是他的航班，填 flight；由最后的句子 Andys _o

26、f shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation. 安迪的_由震惊变得高兴，因为他意识到他可以继续他的旅程。我们推测句子需要的意思，应该是安迪的表情，所以填 look / expression。2. (1) possible (2) continue 思路分析：在第二段第二句 He visited as many places as he could.这句话的意思是：他尽自己的努力参观了很多地方。根据问题中空考查 asas possible，所以填 possible。第二个空从这篇

27、文章当中，我们可以知道安迪能继续他的旅行，从文章最后一句话，我们可以找到答案 he realized that now he could continue his vacation.所以填 continue。3. 当他与别人当面交谈时，他能理解别人的话。 思路分析：翻译的时候注意 when 引导的时间状语从句，再就是 what they said 他们所说的。4. F 思路分析：从文章当中 your flight was at nine oclock in the morning, and now it is eight in the evening.你的航班是早上九点起飞，现在已经是晚上八点

28、了。所以安迪迟到了大约 11 个小时。6巧解还原型阅读1. 了解还原型阅读的命题特点和规律；了解该题型的能力考查方向。2. 提高用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。重点：阅读文章时，能把握住全篇的文脉, 即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。难点：培养辩证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力。“阅读还原句子”是近几年的新题型，即在一段约为 200 词的短文中留出 4 或 5 个空白，要求学生从 5 或 6 个选项中选出正确答案，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这类题型主要是考查学生的词汇、语感和对语境的把握能力，以及对语篇、语段的连贯性、一致性和逻辑关系的理解能力。一、命题特点这种

29、题型充分体现了英语新课程标准对初中毕业生的目标要求：促使学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践、提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习的能力；考生必须具备对所获信息进行加工、处理的能力。如果希望准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的方向，即词句段之间的逻辑关系。二、解题技巧由于英语的句段之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接和过渡，使文章逻辑更清楚和连贯，因此文章和选项中表示各种逻辑关系的路标性信号词在选择答案时都是很重要的线索。根据该题型考查的逻辑关系，可将其分为以下四种：1. 因果关系常见的关联词有 because, so, as a result, so.that, thats

30、why 等。Mr. White works in an office. Hes able and can easily deal with all kinds of matters._. Of course hes often busy and has no time to do the housework. His wife does all at home. A. He sat up to answer it B. But soon he forgot it and went to work C. She worked hard and made much money D. And he

31、never cleaned up the rooms, either E. So hes always paid more than his workmates答案：E思路分析：由上文的 Hes able and can easily deal with all kinds of matters.他很有能力，能够轻易地解决各种问题，可知，他得到的报酬比他的同事们高。前后文是因果关系，故后文用引导词 so 引出下文，选 E。2. 转折关系：常见的关联词有 but, however, to my surprise, on the other hand, while 等。 7Then, dont t

32、hink about what will happen. Its possible that you might be laughed at when speaking. _ What really happens is better than what we imagine. A. First of all, youd better concentrate on what you enjoy. B. These successes are proof that you can do it. C. I still feel a little uncomfortable when I reali

33、ze. D. However, others may not even notice your mistake. E. I could even take part in speaking competitions. 答案：D思路分析：由上文的 Its possible that you might be laughed at when speaking.当你说的时候，可能会被嘲笑，及下文的 What really happens is better than what we imagine 真正发生的事要比想象中的好，可知别人不会介意你犯的错误，前后文是转折关系，故选 D。3. 顺序关系 一

34、件事情的发生往往有时间顺序、动作顺序和发展顺序，而时间顺序常见的关联词有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, 其他的不太明显，但可以根据前后句来把握。When I was small, I was kind of shy. Fortunately, I changed a lot by junior high. Shyness gets in the way of success, but it doesnt have to hold you back. Here are some tips that may help you overcome it. _

35、The excitement of being lost at something that you love can help you forget your nervousness while showing off in public. Next, why not get more chances to speak in public?. A. First of all, youd better concentrate on what you enjoy. B. These successes are proof that you can do it. C. I still feel a

36、 little uncomfortable when I realize. D. However, others may not even notice your mistake. E. I could even take part in speaking competitions. 答案：A 思路分析：上文提到了 Here are some tips that may help you overcome it，可知下文要逐个讲这些小技巧，这属于发展顺序，分析选项可知 A 项正确。4. 此外，还要盯紧横线的前后词语，如代词承接和地点承接等。In 1960, Wilma went to the

37、Olympic Games in Italy. The weather was very hot just as it was it Tennessee. The Italians cheered her. Wilma won the 100-meter race, the 200-meter race, and the 400-meter relay. 1_ 2_ That year she married her high school sweetheart, and now they have four children.8答案：1. D 2. B思路分析：1. 从原文中得知 Wilma

38、 参加了 1960 年意大利奥运会获得了三块金牌，选项中的 “three”很具体的对其进行了总结。同时“so”很好地引出了对参加意大利奥运会的总结。2. 原文中的“那一年”指的是某一年，前文中肯定提到了“一年”，因此是“In 1963， she got her degree in education, then at the same year, she got married. 注意这里的时间顺序和代词承接。三、解题策略总结1. 火眼金睛，抓住上下文中的连词，了解句与文的关系；2. 左顾右盼，关注上下文中关键词的提示；3. 瞻前顾后，理清上下文的逻辑关系。阅读短文，从下列所给的句子中，选出合

39、适的句子还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。Ill remember the first carnival (狂欢节). 1 . My parents came from Jamaica and they helped to start carnival. We had very little money, but we made costumers from old bits of material and feathers, and colorful masks. We decorated old lorries, so that we could ride on them throu

40、gh the streets. It took us six months to get ready.But on the big day, all our hard work had been worth it. People of all ages, from babies to grandparents, black and white, danced together in the street. 2 . The music was played on anything made of metal: it was very noisy. There were people watchi

41、ng from the windows of every house. We ate all our favorite Jamaican food, washed down with beer. 3 but carnival helps you forget the weather!When the carnival got too big, those old streets became too narrow for such big crowds (人群). Some people said they felt frightened by the large crowds and the

42、 noise. We were worried that carnival would be banned (禁止). Then we found an answer everything was moved to a wider and safer street. 4 .A. Luckily, the brace was taken off when she was 12. B. In 1963, Wilma got her degree in education. C. Wilma Rudolf was a great American sports woman. D. So Wilma

43、Rudolf was the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals. E. At the age of 15, she won all nine of the races.9A. It was in the 1960s B. The eather was et C. he policemn danced, to D. But soeties its to crazy E. So carnival should contiue for years. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者随父母一起参加狂欢节的故事。人们在节日

44、前就制作了各种服饰和面具。狂欢节那天，人们穿上这些服饰，戴上面具在狭窄的街道上跳舞，他们忘记了所有的事情。答案：1. A 思路分析：该题遵循时间顺序，由上文的 the first carnival（狂欢节）可知，紧接着要描述第一届狂欢节的时间，由此可知选 A。2. C 思路分析：该题遵循故事的发展顺序，上文提到了“danced together in the street.”，大家都在跳舞，故警察也在跳舞，选 C。3. B 思路分析：该题遵循上下文的转折关系，由下文的 but carnival helps you forget the weather!可知上文提到了天气，故选 B。4. E 思

45、路分析：该题遵循上下文的因果关系，上文提到了大家担心狂欢节会被取缔，紧接着下文提到一切活动被安排在更宽广和安全的地方，因此狂欢节还会延续下去，选E。10巧解表达型阅读1. 了解表达型阅读的命题特点和规律；了解该题的能力考查方向。2. 掌握主旨大意和标题的概括；完成开放性问题的回答。重点：研究命题规律，掌握答题技巧。难点：如何正确作答开放性问题。结合近几年中考可以看出，问题的设置以特殊疑问句为主，往往有一道一般疑问句的问题。答语则比较简练，通常可以在文中直接找出答案，个别需要转换人称、总结、概括等。1、命题特点这种题型要求考生用自己的语言，简练地回答有关问题。这样既考查了学生的阅读理解能力，也考

46、查了英语表达能力和概括能力。另外，对回答的拼写、语法的正确性的要求，使得做简答题有一定的难度。二、解题步骤及技巧1. 通读全文。做简答题的关键是要读懂原文，因此首先要通读全文、弄清楚段落大意及文章的中心意思以及作者的基本观点、态度，正确理解语境。2. 按题查读，即根据问题去寻找答案。认真阅读问题、充分理解问题、准确理解所问的内容，确定需要在文章中查找的对象，避免答非所问。3. 简练作答。在基本确定了每道题的回答内容之后，就要用简练、准确的英语表达出来。注意回答问题时要切中要点，不要画蛇添足。组织答案时，注意避免语言错误，如：时态、主谓一致、句子结构和拼写等。如需引用原文，要作适当改动，最好不要

47、整句照搬。4. 认真核查。完成所填的答案以后，再将原短文和补全后的短文或句子放在一起，审读一遍，上下对比参照，逐一检查所填的词是否符合原文主旨和细节，是否答非所问，是否仍存在语法、词汇拼写等错误，另外还有一点也要注意：如果对字数有要求，是否符合要求。5. 答案形式要符合提问方式。不同类型的问题要求有不同形式的回答，不能仅仅为了答案的简洁而忽略了问题与回答在形式上的对应。如原文中提问方式为“why”，那么就要用“because”引导的从句来回答。John Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington, and he inherited(继承)1,000

48、,000 when he was 23. He didnt feel happy at all. His college friends were looking for their first jobs, but he didnt have to. John decided to keep living a simple life like everyone else. He didnt tell any of his friends and gave100,000 of his money to a charity(慈善团体) that helped poor children to li

49、ve better lives. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and owns a small car only, but he is much happier.Up to now John has helped 15 children from poor countries all over the 11world, 200 a month for each. The child does not receive the money in cash(现金). The money pays for the childs school expenses, fo