2019中考英语二轮复习介词的用法.doc

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1、1介词的用法一 时间介词 的用法辨析1.时间介词 in、on、at、by 的用法辨析 in 介词 in 用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：In the morning/afternoon/evening,in May/October,in 1992,in Spring/Summer/Autumn/Winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天，1( )_the daytime the streets are crowded 拥挤的 but_night they are quiet.A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2( )_Spring the t

2、rees turn green and the flowers start to come out.A.In B.On C.At D.From on 介词 on 用来表示具体某一天，星期几，节日；或者指明具体某一天的上午，下午，晚上。如：On December 1st;on Monday morning;on the night of October 22nd;on a rainy /fine day,on a cold morning,on Teachers Dy;On Christmas Day.1( )A tsunami 海啸 happened in some soughern Asia

3、n countries_December,2004.A.at B.on C.in D.by2( )I was born_July 2,and my girthday is coming soon.A.for B.at C.in D.on3( )-When did you come back from Beijing?-_the morning of April 18th. A.At B.Within C.On D.In at 介词 at 用来表示时间点，特定的时间、节日、年龄等。at noon,at night,at midnight 在午夜，at six oclock,at half pas

4、t five,at the bgginning of 一开始，at the end of 结束时，at the age of 在-岁数时，at last 最终1()I_the daytime the streets are crowded 拥挤 but_night they are quiet.A.At,in B.For,by C.By,for D.In,at2 填词：Tony usually gets up at_seven oclock on weekends.3.At the age of five,he lived with his grandparents in a village.

5、 by 介词 by 不迟于，到-时为止；如：by 2 oclock，by now 到现在（为止），by then 到那时（以来）21.By the end of last month 到上个月末为止,We had learned more than 不止 300English songs.2.By he got outside 到他来到外面为止，the bus had already 已经 left 离开.3.The work must be finished by Friday。工作必须在星期五之前完成 in 与 after 时间介词 in 与 after 的用法*介词 in + 一段时间用

6、于一般将来时。如：1.Well go to school in two weeks.两周后2()My mother is coming back _three days 我妈三天后要回来A.after B.in C.at D.until3.There will be more robot 机器人 at home in fifty years.五十年后*介词 after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：1( )My mother came home _half an hour.半小时后A.in B.after C.behind D.with2( )The headmaster 校长 will c

7、ome to our class_two oclock.A.in B.of C.for D.on3( )Ill call you_4 oclock. A.in B.on C.of D.after4.Well go out for a walk after supper.晚饭后5()The train is starting_five minutes.A.in B.at C.after Since 与 for 时间介词 for 与 since 的用法辨析*介词 for 表示一段时间,for two months 有两个月,for three days 有两天，for a few hour 有好几

8、个小时，for a long time 有一段时间，1.I have been living here for 10 years.有十年2()-How long have you been in this city?/-_twenty years.A.Before B.After C.For D.Since3()The doctor worked_five hours_a rest.A.for,with B.on,without C.about,having D.for,without*介词 since 表示从过去某一时间以来,如：1()I have been living here _200

9、0.A.for B.befroe C.since D.in2()What bad weather we have!It has rained_the day before yesterday.3A.on B.in C.since D.at3.The factory has been there since 1989.4.He has learning English since he was 8.他自从八岁时就开始学英语5.I havent seen her for years.我有好几年没见到他了 during 时间介词 during(在期间)1.He swims every day dur

10、ing the summer.在夏天期间2()The young man had worked in the small village_the year of 1972.A.during B.on C.for D.by until/till 直到为止； notuntil直到才,不到不,*till/until 前谓语动词为延续性动词；*notuntil,(until)前谓语动词为短暂性动词,1.I will wait till（until）seven oclock2.Youd better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上一直呆到明天3()Tom didnt c

11、ome back _midnightA.before B.until C.after D.when4.I didnt go to bed_my mother came back.A.before B.until C.after D.since不用介词表达时间的几种情况1.当表示时间的词前有 this, that 时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning2.当表示时间的词前有 next 时，其前面不用介词，如：next Sunday3.当表示时间的词前有 last 时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday4.当表示时间的词前有 one, any, each, every, some

12、 或 all 时，其前面不用介词1.You can come any day 任何一天.2.Could you come to my house_evening?A.at B.last C.at this D.at二 方位介词与地点介词 的用法辨析方位介词 on, over, above 的用法辨析*介词 on 表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如：1.The book is on the table.2.There was a carpet 地毯 on the floor 在地板上.4*介词 over 表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在上方”，如：1.Is there any brid

13、ge over the river?桥在河流之上吗？*介词 above 表示一般的“高于”，“在之上”，如：1.There was an electric clock 电子钟 above his bed.2.There is a light 灯_his head. A.over B.above C.on方位介词 under 与 below 的用法辨析*介词 under 是 over 的反义词即“在下方”，如：1.They were seen under the tree.*介词 below 是 above 的反义词即“低于”，“在之下”，如：1.They live below us.他们住在我

14、们下面（楼下）方位介词 across,、through、over,用法辨析*介词 across 着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。1.She went across the street 穿越街道 to do some shoppng.2.Mr Wang planned to swim_the Chang Jiang River next month.A.through B.across C.past D.over4.The went_the desert 沙漠 last year.A.through B.across C.over D.past*介词 through 着

15、重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内部穿过。1.The sunlight was coming in through the window.2.They went_the forest 森林 to find the way to the Palace.A.across B.through C.over D.past*介词 over 多表示从“上方越过”，如：1.He failed to go over the mountain 穿越大山; he had to go round it.方位介词 in、on、at 的用法辨析*介词 in 表示“在-内”，“排、行、组”，如：1.We are in Te

16、am One.2.He puts his hands in his pockets 口袋*介词 on 表示“在左、右”，在上面，如：1.Li Ping is on my left/right 在右边，在左边.*at“在旁边”51.They were eating at the table now 在饭桌旁吃饭*at 后接小地方，in 后接大地方词汇：at home 在家，at the busstation 在车站，at scholl,at work 在上班，at the end of 在-尽头，at the beginning of 一开始-；in China,in Beijing,in th

17、e world 在这个世界，in the open air 在户外，in the end 最终，stay in bed 卧床睡觉，1()When did you arrive_the train station?A.in B.at C.on D.in front2()He was born_Wuhan. A.at B.in C.on D.of3 填词:Mary is flying to France soon,she will arrive_Paris_the morning of July 9.4()We waited ages for a taxi,We gave up 放弃_and wa

18、lked home.A.at the beginning B.in the end C.at first C.at least5.He lives_a small village.A.in B.on C.for D.in* in 表示在某地范围之内； to 表示在某地范围之外；on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：1. Shanghai is/lies in 位于 the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 Beijing is in the north of China.2.Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。France li

19、es to the south of England.3.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。Canada lies on the north of the U.S.方位介词 to、for 的用法辨析*介词 to 表示目的地或去的目的，“from-to-”从-到-，如：1.will you take a train to Tianjian?2.填词：-How far is it_your home to school、-Its about half an hours bus ride.3.填词：My father works in

20、 a factory_Monday_Saturday.*介词 for 表示目的，动身去某地等，如：1.He got on a train for Shanghai.62.The train is leaving_Tianjing at 6pm.A.to B.for C.at3.填词：Here is a letter_you。这是给你的信件I bought some flowers as 作为 a present 礼物_Teachers Day.三 其他易混介词 的用法辨析原因介词 because、as、for 的用法辨析*介词 because 表示“因为；由于”指直接的，用来回答 why 的问

21、句，语气最强。1.The boy didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.*介词 as 表示“由于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。1.She stayed at home as she had no car.*介词 for 表示 “因为,由于”指一种间接原因，1.It must have rained last night, for the road is wet 路面湿滑.材料介词 of 和 from 的用法*be made of“由-制成”，用于成品与材料的性质不变时，1.The desk is made of wood.课桌由

22、木头制成。2.The socks are made of silk.袜子有丝绸制成。*be made from “由-制成”，用于成品与材料的性质已变时，1.Wine is made from grapes.酒由葡萄制成。2.Paper is made from wood.纸由木头制成。表示“用”的介词 in、with、by 的用法辨析*介词 in 表示“用材料、声音，语言”介词 with 表示“用工具、某物”介词 by 表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”1.Can you say it in English?用英语说2.I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色笔写

23、字3.The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通过卖花来赚钱介词 between 与 among 的用法辨析*介词 between 表示“在两者之间”介词 among 表示“在当中（三者或以上）之间1.Dont sit between the two girls.2.There is a hotel between the bank and the pay phone.73.They lived among the mountains 群山之间 in the past.4.The bad news spread 传播 among the student

24、s 在学生间 quickly.介词 besides 与 except 的用法辨析*介词 besides 表示“除之外（全部包括在内）”介词 except 表示“除之外（不计算在内）1.We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.2.We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.3.Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有 30 个学生去看了电影。(他和另外 30 人都去了) 4.He is interested in tennis besides

25、（=as well as）football.除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。 5.Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。 （他们激动，而我却不激动） 6.All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。 （其他人是日本人，可他不是） 表示计量的介词：at, for, by *at 表示“以速度” “以价格” For 表示具体价格，by 表示“以计” ，后跟度量单位。 1.It flies 飞 at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时 900 公里的速

26、度飞行。 2.I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 3.We have sweaters at a good price.以优惠价4.He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 5.They paid him by month. 他们按月给他计酬。 6.Here eggs are sold 被卖 by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on * by 用某种方式，多用于交通。如 by bus 乘公共汽车，by e-mail.通过电子邮件。 （注：表示搭

27、乘交通工具时，用 by 时不用冠词，用 in 时要用冠词） 1.I went there （by bus/in a bus）. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。 *with 表示“用某种工具” 。 81.He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。 *on 表示“以方式” ，多用于固定词组。 1.They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。 2.She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。 3.He enjoys watching soccer game on

28、 Tv.表示 “关于的介词”：of, about, on *think of/about 认为，觉得1.What do you think of/about 认为，觉得 Chinese food./-I think its great.2.He thought about 考虑 this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。 *about“关于”某人某事的情况和内容 1.Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？ 2.They are talking about 谈论关于（ animals/Chin

29、ese movies）*on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。 1.Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。 表示原因：*because of “由于” ，表示引起结果的直接原因。*Thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏”1.He retired 退休 last month( because of illness 疾病/because he was ill). 2.Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。 3.Thanks to the doc

30、tor,my sister was taken good care of.多亏了医生，我妹妹得到了很好的照顾。4.Tom stayed in bed 卧病在床(because of his headache/because he had a headache.)表示好像或当作的介词：like, as *like 表示“像一样” ， *as 表示“作为，以身份而工作”1.I want to buy a sweater like 像 this 我想要买一件像这样的毛衣。2.Could you do it like this?你可以像这样做这件事吗？3.He talked to me as a fa

31、ther. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。 4.She wants to find a job as a teacher/driver.95.The woman works as a doctor in a hospital.表示支持或反对的介词*against 反对；for 支持1.Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？ 中考 介词 专项训练：1.Tom was good_playing the guitar,but now he plays the violin well.2.Jenny is better_drawing than sin

32、ging.3.please dont laugh_her.she only made a small mistake.4.Last Sunday,he stayed_home and watched TV all day.5.my father is_work now.6.Im poor 薄弱_my English.7._the way,could you tell me the_to Hongxing Hotel? 8.-Are you interested_reading novels?-Yes,because interest is the best teacher.9.Tony was

33、 very_in math,so his math was very impressed 印象很深.10.She studies English well,she usually writes diaries 写日记_English.11.When you are_trouble,you could ask police for help.1012.Youre not allowed to shout_others 别人_public.13.They arrived_Beijing yesterday afternoon.14.Go down the street 沿着这条街道走，turn r

34、ight at the third crossing.在第三拐角处向右拐，then 然后 go straight 照直走 until you arrive_a bridge,you will see a bank next_a library.15.Keeping_time 守时 is very important for everybody in Switzerland 瑞士16.-How do you get to work?-I get to work_foot.17.On his way_school,Jack met an old friend of his fatehrs18.-M

35、ay I try_the grey coat?-Sure,here is the fitting room-oh,it looks nice_you.19.Tony is talking_the phone with his friend Jenny.20.The price 价格 of the apples depend_取决于 how many kilos you want to buy.21.-Where do you want to have a trip this National Day?-My family decided_Canada at last.22.You should

36、 drive _the right in China,but in England you are supposed to drive _the left.23.Its too cold outside,please put_you sweater.Its too hot outside,please take_your coat. 24.The students are listening_the teacher carefully now.25.I miss you very much,please write_me soon.26.Before going_bed,Tom usually

37、 spends about 15miutes_newspaeres.27.-Whose dictionary is this?-It must belong_Jim,there is his name on it.28.The teacher was very angry_Jenny,because she was late for class again.29.At this point 在这一点上，he doesnt agree_his father.30.Nowdays many teenagers 青少年 disagree_their parents.31.-Excuse me,Cou

38、ld you help me_my English study?-Sure,Id love to.32.Jackson always helps his mother_housework at home.1133.Could you help me_swimming/sports?34.How do you get on_your family?-I get on well with my family.35-Jenny gets on well_his classmates.相处融洽36.-Whats the matter with you?你怎么了？-I argued_my parents

39、,what should I do?37.My father is busy_his work all day.38.Could you tell me how to deal_this problem?如何处理问题39.The man who is talking_my father is my Physics teacher.40.He came _with a good idea/plan finally 最终，他想出一个好主意/计划41.The weather in Austraila is very different_that in China.42.My haircut 发型 i

40、s different_yours.42.I have the same haircut_Xiao Ming does.43.Tony is the same age_Tom.44.He is not as tall_his deskmates.45.I come_Japan,I can speak Japanese,I live_Xiamen now.46.The post office is across_the supermarket.47.The pay phone is _library and the hotel.48.The boy sitting next_me is my y

41、ounger brother.49.-What do you think _Chinese food?-I think its great.50.Could you go to the airport to meet my friend Laowang instead_me?51.He can speak Chinese_of English.52.He likes playing baseball_of basketball.53.Please dont worry_your mother,she is Ok now.54.I was worried_my pet cat,because i

42、ts not well.55.They are talking_animals.56.Could you tell me something_your family?57.Jenny paid lots of money_her new computer.1258.The train is leaving_Shanghai at 6pm.59.Please dont be late_class,its not good for your study.60.Tony was always late_school before,but now he is nevr late.61.Taking_a

43、 walk after dinner 饭后散步 is good for your health.62.The man may be late_work,he walk so quickly.63.-What are you looking_?-Im looking_my lost pen,but I cant find it.64.The mother looked_his son everywhere 到处，she looked worried.65.He prefers milk_tea.他更喜欢牛奶而不是茶。66.He prefers staying at home_watching m

44、ovies with friends on weekends.67.Please dont use your mobile phone in class,or the teacher will take it_.My teacher took_my mobile phone when I used it in class.68.When you leave home,please dont forget to turn_the light.69.Please dont give_hope when you meet trouble 遇上困境。70.Please help me put_the

45、picture on the wall.71.My little sister is sleeping,please turn_the music.72.I want to hear the music together with you,could you turn it_ a little?73.He is a kind and generous man,he gives lots of money_to the hope project捐钱给希望工程。74.He fixed 修理 the bikes and gave them_to the kids.75.My English teac

46、her is vey kind,she regards us students_his kids.76.I used to be afraid_the big dog,but now Im not afraid at all.77.The farmers 农民 are getting ready_the next year.78.-How far is it_your home to school?-Its a little far_here.离这儿有点远。-Its quite far_here.离这儿相当远。79.They are waiting_a bus at the bus stati

47、on.He is waiting_you at the gate 在门边 now.80.He is coming back_three hours.三小时后他要回来。81.I have been here_a long time.1382.Lao Wang has been living in Xiamen(_two years/_two years ago).83.Last night he didnt go to bed_12 oclock.84.I study English_making flashing and watching English movies.85.Tom is the tallest 最高_the four.86.Its very importa