2018_2019学年高中英语Unit24SocietySectionⅣ课时语法精讲北师大版选修8.doc
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1、1Unit 24 Society Section 课时语法精讲 KESHIYUFAJINGJIANG语法预备役用所给动词的适当形式填空,并指明是何种特殊情况的虚拟语气1It was ordered that the work _ (finish) on time.( )答案:(should) be finished;主语从句中的虚拟语气2I wish you _ (stay) a little longer.( )答案:would stay;宾语从句中的虚拟语气3The order is that the troops _ (march) to the front at once.( )答案:
2、(should) march;表语从句中的虚拟语气4We all agreed to his suggestion that we _ (go) Beijing for sightseeing.( )答案:(should) go to;同位语从句中的虚拟语气语法讲座虚拟语气的特殊用法1含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, if only 等。Without your help (If we had not had your help),
3、 we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。(2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/would do 形式或 should/would have done 虚拟形式。Any man in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。You should (ought to) have come earlier.你本应来得早点。2错综时间条件句所谓错综时间条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句指的是现在或将来,此
4、时应根据具体的语境对时态作相应的调整。If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下过雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你(当时)采纳我的建议,你现在就会好多了。2强化印证 1单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1Alaska was sold to the United States; otherwise Russian _ (speak) there now.答案:would be spoken 考查虚拟语
5、气。句意:阿拉斯加卖给了美国,否则现在那里就说俄语了。otherwise 用于虚拟,指与现在事实相反的假设。2If I _ (listen) to your advice yesterday, I _ (not be) in trouble now.答案:had listened;wouldnt be 考查错综时间条件句。条件句与过去事实相反;主句与现在事实相反。3其他从句的虚拟语气在表示“建议、命令、要求”以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,由“动词原形”或“should动词原形”构成。现分述如下:(1)主语从句It be形容词
6、that.(should)用于该句型的形容词是:necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising 等。一些名词也可以用于该结构中,如 a pity, no wonder 等。Its necessary that we (should) have a walk now.我们有必要现在出去散散步。Its natural that she (should) do so.她这样做是很自然的。Its important that we (should) take go
7、od care of the patients.我们要照顾好病人是重要的。It be过去分词that.(should)用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等动词的过去分词。如:desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed 等。It is required that he (should) come to the office as soon as possible.他被要求尽快来办公室。(2)宾语从句wish 后的宾语从句动词 wish 后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去
8、进行时;若表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完3成时或 would/couldhave过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would(could)动词原形。I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能起到一些作用。“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指 insist 的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should动词原形”构成,其中 should通常可以省略。I insisted that he (should) stay.我坚持要他留下。He insisted that I (should) go with them.他坚持要我同他们一起去。“命令”后的宾语从句主
9、要是指 order, command 的宾语从句,从句谓语动词由“should动词原形”构成,其中 should 通常可以省略。He ordered that it (should) be sent back.他命令把它送回去。He commanded that we (should) attack at once.他命令我们立即进攻。They recommend that this tax (should) be abolished.他们建议取消这种税。“建议”后的宾语从句主要是指 advise, suggest, propose 等的宾语从句,从句谓语动词由“should动词原形”构成,其
10、中的 should 通常可以省略。He suggested that we (should) leave early.他建议我们早点动身。The doctor advised that he (should) change his job.医生劝他换工作。(3)同位语从句和表语从句在下列名词的同位语从句和表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气:suggestion(建议),proposal(提议),order(命令),instruction(指示、指令),advice(劝告),plan(计划)等。He gave the order that the results of the experiment
11、(should) be rechecked.他命令对那次实验的结果重新核对。My suggestion is that we (should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia.4我的建议是我们派一个贸易代表团去马来西亚。(4)as if,as though 引导的从句中的虚拟语气在 as if,as though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中可以使用虚拟语气。表示与现在情况相反,从句的谓语使用一般过去时。He often takes care of the old lady as though he were her own son.他经常像亲生儿子一样照
12、顾那个老太太。表示与过去情况相反,从句的谓语使用过去完成时。Tom talked about Beijing as though he had been there himself.汤姆谈起北京就仿佛他自己到过那里似的。表示将来的可能性不大,从句的谓语用“would/could/might动词原形” 。It looks as if it might rain.看上去好像要下雨。强化印证 2单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1It is necessary that the problem _ (solve) at once.答案:(should) be solved It is 形容词that
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