Warm_up.doc

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1、1Unit 23 Conflict Section Warmup that5_ had they moved in than the noise began and _ did they get a full nights sleep.他们一进来噪音就开始了，而且他们几乎没有睡过一个整夜觉。答案：No sooner; rarely语法讲座一、倒装句1倒装的含义在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了强调句子的某一部分或其他原因，谓语需要全部或部分移到主语的前面，这叫语序倒装。2倒装的分类倒装有两种：全部倒装和部分倒装。在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称为全部倒装。若

2、谓语一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或 be 动词)位于主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。3全部倒装的应用场合(1)there be 句型中，其中 be 可换作 appear, come, exist, happen, lie, remain, seem, stand, ring 等动词。2There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶上有一座寺庙。There rings the bell.铃响了。(2)由副词 here, there, now, then 等开头的句子，谓语动词是 be, come, follow, go, begin 等，且主

3、语是名词时。There goes the last bus.末班车开走了。Here are some picturebooks.这是一些图画书。(3)表“动态”的副词 in, out 等置于句首作状语时，且句子主语是名词时。Out rushed the boy, crying.那个男孩哭着跑出来了。注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。In she came and the lesson began.她走进来开始上课。(4)表示地点的介词词组位于句首时。North of the city lies a river.城北有条河。In front of our house stands a big t

4、ree.我们的房子前有一棵大树。(5)such 置于句首时(多被认为是表语，such 后的 be 动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致)。Such is life!人生就是这样！Such were his words.他就是这样说的。(6)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，此时倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语” 。形容词连系动词主语Present at the meeting were some important figures.出席会议的是一些重要人物。分词连系动词主语Gone are the days when Chinese were burdened with three mounta

5、ins.3中国人民肩负三座大山的日子一去不复返了。Sitting in front of the house was a little girl.一个小女孩坐在房子的前面。介词短语连系动词主语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.这些商品里有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛及玩具等。强化印证 1用倒装句型翻译下列句子1城市南边有一家大型钢厂。_答案：South of the city lies a big steel factory.2在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。_答案：Among the goods a

6、re books, exercisebooks, pens and some other things.3他们来到一个小村庄，村庄前面是条大河。_答案：They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.4接着来的是足球运动员。_答案：Then came the football players.5出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多教师。_答案：Present at the meeting were Mr. Li, Mr. Wang and many other teachers.4部分倒装的应用场合(1)否定

7、或半否定意义的副词或介词短语置于句首时，引起部分倒装结构。常见的词有以下几种：否定意义系列：no, nowhere, not, never；否定意义短语“绝不”系列：in no way, at no time, in no case, by no means, on no account, on/under no condition；半否定意义系列：seldom, hardly，scarcely，barely，little，few 等。Seldom does he go to the park at weekend.周末他很少去公园。By no means is she an inexperi

8、enced teacher.她绝不是个毫无经验的老师。Under no condition should you tell them what happened.4你绝不能告诉他们所发生的事。注意：few, little 作主语或修饰主语时，则用自然语序。如：Few students are in the classroom after 10 oclock in the evening.晚上十点钟之后很少有学生在教室里。(2)常使用部分倒装的否定词在句首的特殊句型。Not only.but (also)连接两个并列分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装结构，而后一个分句不倒装。Not only are

9、the students planting trees, but (also) the teacher is.不仅学生们在种树，老师也在种。Neither.nor.引导两个分句时，两个分句用部分倒装。Neither have I seen him recently, nor have I heard from him.我最近既没见到他，也没收到他的来信。Hardly (Scarcely/Barely)when.和 No sooner. than.句型，意为“一就” 。当 Hardly (Scarcely/Barely)或 No sooner 置于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装，并且主句多用过

10、去完成时。Hardly had we sat down at the table when the phone rang.No sooner had we sat down at the table than the phone rang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下，电话铃就响了。Not until 从句或短语在句首时，后面主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，而从句不倒装。Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.直到看到礼物，她才感到高兴。(3)“so形容词/副词that”和“such名词that”句型，意为“如此以至于” 。当 so形容词/副词，s

11、uch名词位于句首时，主句的谓语动词用部分倒装结构，但从句不倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他讲英语非常清晰，总能让别人听懂。So beautiful a girl/Such a beautiful girl is she that many young boys fall in love with her.她是一个如此美丽的姑娘，以至于许多小伙子都爱上了她。(4)当副词 only 强调状语(介词短语/副词/状语从句)，并且置于句首时，句子谓语动词用部分倒装。Only

12、when he returned did we find out the truth.只是到了他回来时我们才发现实情。5但如果 only 不用于以上结构，只修饰主语时，不用倒装。Only his brother was right.只有他的弟弟(哥哥)是对的。(5)so/neither/nor 置于句首，表示前者情况也适用于后者，其句型为：so/neither/norbe 动词/助动词/情态动词主语，so 与前面的肯定句呼应；neither, nor 与前面的否定句呼应。After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her.从那

13、以后我们再也没见过她，也没有收到过她的信件。I saw the film last week, so did she.上周我看了这部电影，她也看了。I dont think I can walk any further.我想我再也走不动了。Neither can I. Lets stop here for a rest.我也是，咱们在这儿休息一会儿吧。He has passed the exam, so have I.他考试及格了，我也是。If you dont do the work, neither shall I.如果你不做这项工作，我也不做。注意：如果后一句只是单纯地重复前句的内容，对

14、其肯定或附和，此时译作“确实” ，采用自然语序。John won the first prize in the contest.约翰在比赛中获得了一等奖。So he did.确实如此。(6)省略 if 的虚拟条件句以 had/were/should 开头引起的倒装。Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam.要是他再努力一点，他会通过考试的。Were she my friend, I would ask her for help.如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。Should it rain tomorrow, we sho

15、uld have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.如果明天下雨，我们就推迟去杨浦大桥的参观活动。(7)as 引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语、状语、甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。6Young as he is, he knows much.尽管年轻，但他阅历丰富。Try as he might, he failed again.尽管又试了一次，他仍然失败了。注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如：Here it is.在这里。若 not until 句型用在强调句中，则不倒装。It was not until she saw the p

16、resent that she felt happy.直到她看到这个礼物，她才高兴了。as 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语是名词，且为单数形式放于句首时，其前不能加冠词。Beggar as he is, he looks very proud.尽管是个乞丐，但他看上去很高傲。although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装，也可以不倒装。Although we were tired, we kept walking.Though we were tired, we kept walking.Tired though we were, we kept walking.Tir

17、ed as we were, we kept walking.尽管累了，我们仍继续前行。强化印证 2用倒装句型翻译下列句子1他虽是个孩子，但得糊口。_答案：Child as /though he was, he had to make a living.2如果我昨天见到他了，我现在就不去他家了。_答案：Had I seen him yesterday, I wouldnt go to his house now.3我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。_答案：No sooner had I come in, the telephone rang.4这孩子没到参军的年龄。_答案：So young is the

18、 boy that he cant join the army.5直到 12 点他才入睡。_7答案：Not until 12 did he go to sleep.6我不喜欢它，也不在意。_答案：I dont like it, nor/neither do I care.二、it 强调句型it 用于强调结构，最基本的句式是：It is/was被强调部分that其他；其一般疑问句式是：Is/Was it被强调部分that其他；特殊疑问句式是：疑问词is/was it被强调部分that其他。(1)如果被强调部分表“人” ，后面的引导词可用 who 代替 that。It is my mother w

19、ho cooks every day.是我妈妈每天做饭。It is I who am wrong.是我错了。(2)如果被强调部分是主语，在 who/that 分句中的谓语动词应当与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。It is I who am to blame.该受责备的是我。It was Li Ping and Wang Hua who were praised at yesterdays meeting.昨天在会上受到表扬的是李平和王华。(3)被强调部分如果既包括人又包括物时，习惯上只用 that，不能用 who。It was the things and people they reme

20、mbered that they were talking about.他们当时谈论的是他们所记得的事情和人。(4)当被强调部分是时间状语、地点状语或原因状语时，后面的引导词不能用 when, where 和 why，而都必须用 that。It was on a cold afternoon that I met Li Hua in the park.我是在一个寒冷的下午在公园里遇见李华的。It was in the park that I met Li Hua on a cold afternoon.在一个寒冷的下午，我是在公园里遇见李华的。It was because he was cau

21、ght in the traffic jam that he came late for work.他是因为遇上了交通阻塞(才导致)上班迟到的。注意：“it”强调句型与其他从句的综合结构在“it”强调句型中，当强调部分为时间状语或地点状语时，有可能先接定语从句，修饰时间状语或地点状语中的某个名词，后面再接强调句型中的 that 分句部分。It was in the room where he had studied for three years that he found his 8lost pen.他是在他曾经学习了三年的房间里找到了他丢失的钢笔。(本句中，where 是关系副词，引导定语

22、从句，修饰先行词 the room，后面的 that 从句是强调句型中的部分)It was in the year when he was admitted into college that his father passed away.他的父亲是在他考入大学的那一年去世的。(本句中，when 是关系副词，修饰先行词the year，后面的 that 从句是强调句型中的部分)注意“it”强调句型的特殊疑问句式在名词性从句中的语序。I dont know what it was that made him so upset at that moment.我不知道那个时刻到底是什么使得他那么生气

23、。强化印证 3把下列句子变成强调句型1I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.(强调地点状语)_ 答案：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.2He didnt go to bed until his wife came back._ 答案：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3You are likely to win the contest.(强调主语)_ 答案：It is you

24、that/who are likely to win the contest.4He wrote to you last week.(强调谓语)_ 答案：He did write to you last week.5Be careful when you cross the street.(强调谓语)_ 答案：Do be careful when you cross the street.考点研讨1 _ (there be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around

25、 the world.答案研讨：Were there 考查倒装。句意：如果没有现代通信，我们将不得不用几周的时间接到世界信息。由后句 would have to 可知是对现在情况的虚拟，条件句没有 if，故用倒装。2. Only when you can find peace in your heart _ (you, keep) good relationships with others.答案研讨：will you keep 考查倒装句。only状语(从句)放于句首，句子要进行部9分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。根据句意可以判断应该是对于将来事情的叙述，故使用将来时态。only 倒装时一定

26、要注意倒装的条件：only 放句首，其后加状语或状语从句，否则不用倒装。3. No sooner _ (Mo Yan) stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.答案研讨：had MoYan 句意：莫言一走上台，观众们就发出雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than 一就，放于句首用倒装；no sooner 部分谓语动词用过去完成时态。4. It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.答案研讨

27、：that 句意：正是在当地导游的帮助下这个登山者才被营救了。本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为 with the help of the local guide，将本句还原为普通句式为With the help of the local guide, the mountain climber was rescued.判断强调句型的方法：把 It is/was 和 that 去掉后剩余的部分仍是一个完整的句子。5. It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan.答案研讨：that 考查强调句型。结构

28、为 It is/was被强调部分that其他部分，此处是 not until 的强调句型。但当 not until 放于句首时，句子谓语要部分倒装，但强调句中不用倒装，这点考生做题时需注意。达标演练.用倒装句或强调句完成句子1_ to listen to music.他几乎没时间听音乐。答案：Hardly does he have time2The door opened and _.门开了，史密斯先生进来了。答案：in came Mr. Smith3_ ，he likes to play with girls.他虽是个男孩，但却喜欢与女孩子玩。答案：Boy as he is4_，I woul

29、d have told him.要是他问过我，我就会告诉他了。答案：Had he asked me5He was ill and _.10他病了，他父母也病了。答案：so were his parents6_ that everyone wants to read it.那本书那么有趣，大家都想读一下。答案：So interesting is the book7Between the two hills _.这两座山之间有一个小村庄。答案：is a small village8_ he cant come?是因为生病他才不能来吗？答案：Is it because he is ill that9

30、_ studies French.学法语的不是他。答案：It is not he that/who10_，not of effort, that defeated their plan.是缺少钱而不是没有尽力才使他们的计划受挫。答案：It was lack of money.单句语法填空(不多于 3 个单词)1 “Never for a second， ” the boy says， “_ (I，doubt) that my father would come to my rescue.”答案：did I doubt 句意：那个男孩说：“我一直都没有怀疑过我父亲会来救我。 ”本题考查时态和倒装

31、。否定意义的词(主语除外)位于句首时句子要用部分倒装。2 Not until he went through real hardship _ (he, realize) the love we have for our families is important.答案：did he realize 句意：直到他经历了真正的困难，才意识到我们热爱家人的重要性。本题考查倒装句。 “Not until.”置于句首，主句需要部分倒装。分析题干可知，主句与从句中的谓语动词都表示过去发生的动作，但是不强调两个动作的先后顺序，所以用一般过去时。3 Maybe you have been to many fa

32、mous restaurants, but nowhere else _ (you，feast) on such nice ducks.答案：can you feast 考查倒装句。句意：或许你到过许多著名的饭店，但是在其他任何地方你都不可能享用到这么好吃的鸭肉。该句为 but 连接的并列句，后一分句因nowhere(任何地方都不)置于句首，须用部分倒装语序；feast on sth.“尽请地吃，享用” 。114Was it in the grand closing ceremony _ people bathed themselves in a sea of abundant happine

33、ss?答案：that 考查强调句型。句意：是在那个盛大的闭幕式上人们沉浸在欢乐的海洋里吗？强调地点状语。5 Almost everyone has his or her own strengths and weaknesses. It is _ others are weak that maybe you have a great advantage.答案：where 句意：几乎每个人都有自己的长处和短处。正是在别人的薄弱之处你可能拥有巨大的优势。后一句使用了强调句型对地点状语进行强调，故用 where 引导地点状语从句。6So sudden _ (the attack) that the e

34、nemy had no time to escape.答案：was the attack 考查倒装结构。在 so.that 结构中，so 加形容词/副词部分位于句首时，主句的主谓一般采用部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为 be 的一般现在时或一般过去时，则使用完全倒装形式。本句的正常语序为“The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape”。7Try _ she might, Sue couldnt get the door open.答案：as/though 连词 as 或 though 引导让步状语从句，从句采用倒装语序，

35、即把表语、状语或动词放在句首。因此可判断空白处填 as 或 though。句意：虽然 Sue 可能尝试了，但是她无法打开门。8Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.答案：that 考查强调句型。问话人询问对方是否看过山楂树之恋这部电影，答话人回答说当然看过，这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。本句是强调句，被强调的部分是地点状语 in our village。9Is everyone here?Not yet.Look, there _

36、 (come) the rest of our guests!答案：come 本题考查倒装。副词 there 置于句首，句子的主语为名词 the rest of our guests，则主谓完全倒装，并且谓语动词的单复数取决于主语，此处为 there be 句型的变式。10 Only when you can find peace in your heart _you keep good relationships with others.答案：will句意：只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持好的关系。 “only状语从句”置于句首，后面的主句需部分倒装。时间状语从句中谓语动词为一般现在时，主句需用一般将来时，故填 will。