SAE J 474-1972 Electroplating and Related Finishes.pdf

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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro

2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT

3、 ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1985 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001INFORMATIONREPORTSubmitted for recognition as an American National Stand

4、ardJ474REAF.FEB85Issued 1930-01Reaffirmed 1985-02Superseding J474 JUN72ELECTROPLATING AND RELATED FINISHESForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards BoardFormat.1. ScopeElectroplating is a process whereby an object is coated with one or more relat

5、ively thin, tightlyadherent layers of one or more metals. It is accomplished by placing the object to be coated on a plating rackor a fixture, or in a basket or in a rotating container in such a manner that a suitable current may flow throughit, and then immersing it in a series of solutions and rin

6、ses in planned sequence. The advantage to be gainedby electroplating may be considerable; broadly speaking, the process is used when it is desired to endow thebasis material (selected for cost, material conservation, and physical property reasons) with surface propertiesit does not possess.It should

7、 be noted that although electroplating is the most widely used process for applying metals to asubstrate, they may also be applied by spraying, vacuum deposition, cladding, hot dipping, chemical reduction,mechanical plating, etc. The purpose for applying an electroplate and the metals used for vario

8、us applicationsfollow.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Wa

9、rrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J207Electroplating of Nickel and Chromium on Metal PartsAutomotive Ornamentation andHardware2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM Book of StandardsPart 7ASTM A 164Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Steel

10、ASTM A 165Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium on SteelASTM B 177Chromium Plating on Steel for Engineering UseASTM B 200 Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead on SteelASTM B 253Preparation of and Electroplating on Aluminum Alloys by the Zincate ProcessSAE J474 Reaffirmed FEB85-2-ASTM B 254Preparation of

11、 and Electroplating on Stainless SteelASTM B 456Electrodeposited Coatings of Nickel Plus ChromiumASTM B 503Use of Copper and Nickel Electroplating Solutions for ElectroformingASTM B 545Electrodeposited Coatings of Tin2.1.3 OTHER PUBLICATIONSAllen Gray, Modern Electroplating. The Electrochemical Soci

12、ety, Inc. Vols. 1 and 2, New York: John Wileycomponents of mechanical assemblies, and controlmechanisms.5. Engineering CoatingsFunctional enhancement of a component by the use of an electroplated coating isrecognized. Among the many applications, the more important usages include:a. Abrasion and scr

13、atch protection as provided by a coating that is harder than the basis metal. Coatingsof chromium, nickel (both electrodeposited and electroless), tin-nickel, or iron are examples of hardcoatings.b. Use of soft electrodeposits, such as silver, lead, tin-lead, indium, or lead-indium which adjust to m

14、inorimperfections in mating surfaces, are suitable as bearing surfaces.c. Use of electrodeposits such as chromium, iron, or nickel for rebuilding undersized parts.d. The use of various electrodeposits in specialized fields such as in coating of conductors and plating ofplastics and ceramics, in both

15、 the electrical and electronic fields.SAE J474 Reaffirmed FEB85-3-6. ElectroformingElectroforming is the production or reproduction of articles by electrodeposition. Typicalapplications are the production of printing plates, phonograph matrices, patterns, molds, dies, and paint masksmade of electrod

16、eposited copper, iron, nickel, and other metals.NOTEIt should be stressed that this writing is only a very brief introduction to the subject of electroplatingand related finishes. Detailed information on the subject may be found in one or more of thepublications appearing in the bibliography and in

17、the specifications listing.7. Bibliography1. Allen Gray, Modern Electroplating. The Electrochemical Society, Inc. Vols. 1 and 2, New York: JohnWiley broadly speaking, the process is used when it isdesired to endow the basis material (selected for cost, material conservation, and physical propertyrea

18、sons) with surface properties it does not possess.It should be noted that although electroplating is the most widely used process for applying metals to asubstrate, they may also be applied by spraying, vacuum deposition, cladding, hot dipping, chemicalreduction, mechanical plating, etc.Reference Se

19、ctionSAE J207Electroplating of Nickel and Chromium on Metal PartsAutomotive Ornamentation andHardwareASTM Book of StandardsPart 7ASTM A 164Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on SteelASTM A 165Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium on SteelASTM B 177Chromium Plating on Steel for Engineering UseASTM B 20

20、0 Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead on SteelASTM B 253Preparation of and Electroplating on Aluminum Alloys by the Zincate ProcessASTM B 254Preparation of and Electroplating on Stainless SteelASTM B 456Electrodeposited Coatings of Nickel Plus ChromiumASTM B 503Use of Copper and Nickel Electroplating

21、Solutions for ElectroformingASTM B 545Electrodeposited Coatings of TinAllen Gray, Modern Electroplating. The Electrochemical Society, Inc. Vols. 1 and 2, New York: JohnWiley & Sons.Herbert H. Uhlig, Corrosion Handbook. The Electrochemical Society, Inc. New York: John Wiley & Sons.William Blum and Ge

22、orge B. Hogaboom, Principles of Electroplating and Electroforming. New York:McGraw-Hill.SAE J474 Reaffirmed FEB85A. K. Graham and H. L. Pinkerton, Electroplating Engineers Handbook (Second Edition). New York:Reinhold Publishing Co.Metal Finishing Guide Book and Directory. Westwood, N.J.: Metal and P

23、lastics Publications.Lester F. Spencer, “Electroplated CoatingsSelection Factors.“ Metal Finishing, Vol. 69, No. 9(September 1971) and No. 10 (October 1971).J. B. Mohler, “Primer on Electrodeposited Coatings.“ Materials Engineering, Vol. 75, No. 1 (January1972).Developed by the SAE Nonferrous Metals Committee