SAE AS 4492-1995 Survivor Locator Lights《幸存者定位灯》.pdf

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1、 AEROSPACE STANDARD Survivor Locator Lights SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, inclu

2、ding any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2004 SAE International All righ

3、ts reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA a

4、nd Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 1995-01 Reaffirmed 2004-11 AS4492 COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AS*4492 95 7943725 0530003 782 SAEAS4492 3.2 Host Equipment: Individual

5、 life preservers, life rafts, and slide/rafts and other survival equipment to which a survivor locator light may be fitted. 3.3 Primary Batteries: Nonrechargeable batteries with self-contained, stored potential electrochemical systems requiring only closing of an electrical circuit for operation. 3.

6、4 Reserve Batteries: Batteries that are chemically inert and unable to generate electrical energy until introduction of an external electrolyte (in this case, fresh or seawater). 4. MINIMUM PERFORMANCE AND DESIGN STANDARDS: 4.1 Configuration/Design: The survivor locator light shall be designed and c

7、onfigured in such a way as to preclude harm to the survivor or adversely affect the operation, performance, or physical integrity of host equipment while packed or in active use; special care shall be taken to avoid sharp edges or protrusions. The design of the survivor locator light and its parts,

8、including any electrical wires, shall be such to minimize snagging while the host equipment is donned or in use, including evacuation from the aircraft. 4.2 Materials: Materials used in the survivor locator light shall be compatible with materials and processes used in the construction of host equip

9、ment and shall not contribute to the degradation of same. 4.3 Light Characteristics: 4.3.1 General: Survivor locator lights may be steady on (Type I) or flashing (Type II). Emitted light shall be white, in the spectral range of 380 to 780 nn, or yellow-green, in the spectral range of 530 to 560 nn.

10、The device shall be capable of functioning at or above minimum light intensities while the integral battery is immersed in fresh or seawater at 2 C, uninterrupted, for a period of 8 h at the end of the rated service life of the battery. 4.3.2 Steady-Type Lights (Type 1): The steady-type survivor loc

11、ator light shall be shown by test to provide a minimum effective luminous intensity of 1.0 candela over the operating regime established in 4.3.1. The minimum light output shall be provided within a minimum 1 o beam width centered on the horizon (1 0) over a minimum of 300 of arc in the horizontal p

12、lane with gaps of no more than 30, and within a minimum 1 beam width centered on the vertical (10). - 2-COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE AS*4492 95 7943725 0530004 619 SAEAS4492 4.3.3 Flashing-Type Lights (Type II): The fl

13、ashing-type survivor locator light shall be shown by test to provided a minimum effective luminous intensity of 1.0 candela over the operating regime established in 4.3.1, where the minimum effective luminous intensity is calculated according to Equation 1. The minimum light output shall be provided

14、 through 180 of arc centered on the vertical (10), over a minimum of 300 of horizontal arc with gaps of no more than 30. The flash rate shall be 60 10 flashes per minute. (Eq.1) where: le = Effective luminous intensity l(t) =Instantaneous intensity at timet 0.2 = Biondei-Rey constant t1 and t2 = Fla

15、sh time interval (seconds) 4.4 Power Source (Battery): The power source for the survivor locator light shall be based on either a primary (nonrechargeable) chemical cell or a reserve battery activated and operated by the introduction of fresh or salt water. Due to the proximity of survivor locator l

16、ights to the head of survivor when fitted on individual life preservers, no battery technology may be used which will expose the survivor or the host equipment to injurious effects of explosion, flame, high exothermic heat radiation, or the discharge of toxic or incapacitating effluents under any re

17、asonable set of operational eventualities including but not limited to one or a combination of the following: a. Cell rupture b. Puncture c. Short circuit d. Exposure to fresh or salt water 4.4.1 Primary Batteries: In the case of primary batteries, positive means to prevent short-circuits and to pre

18、clude damage that might be caused in such eventuality must be provided; a positive means to prevent inadvertent activation of the light must also be provided. Additional design consideration shall be given to venting of gases generated within the cell and protection of the user and the host equipmen

19、t from outgassing or cell leakage. 4.4.2 Reserve Batteries: In the case of reserve batteries, a positive means of protecting the battery from the introduction of moisture and resultant deterioration must be provided while ensuring that the light activation requirements of 4.5.2 are met. - 3 -COPYRIG

20、HT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE AS*4492 95 7943725 0530005 555 SAEAS4492 4.5 Light Activation- General: Activation of the survivor locator light shall be automatic upon contact with or immersion in fresh or sea water, and the ac

21、tivation means shall be configured, rigged, and/or located on the host equipment in such a way as to provide for automatic activation upon entry of the survivor into the water with the host equipment properly donned or deployed. The survivor locator light must be armed and ready for automatic activa

22、tion when the host equipment is removed from its primary container, donned, and/or deployed. 4.5.1 Light Activation - Primary Batteries: Activation of primary batteries may be accomplished with a reliable mechanical or electrical water-sensor. Primary batteries shall be designed to ensure that the l

23、ight remains activated once automatic activation has occurred. This may be accomplished by an electrical latching circuit or other means. Switches which include delayed action devices and/or moisture barriers shall be shown to provide for automatic activation of the device, with light output meeting

24、 the established minimums within the times provided in Table 1. 4.5.2 Light Activation - Reserve Batteries: Activation of reserve batteries is to be accomplished with immersion in fresh or sea water. Such batteries must be designed for and located on the host equipment such that they remain immersed

25、. A suitable means to prevent degradation of the battery due to moisture or humidity exposure over long term storage is required. The battery, along with any passive, water-soluble moisture barriers, shall be shown to be capable of developing sufficient power to meet minimum required light output wi

26、thin the activation times specified in Table 1. If the battery is provided with a mechanic moisture protection device or means, such as plugs, and their removal is necessary to provide for activation of the survivor locator light, these devices and/or means must be designed and rigged in such a way

27、as to be automatically removed from the battery upon removal of the host equipment from its primary packaging or upon inflation of the buoyancy chambers. TABLE 1 - Maximum Light Activation Time to Minimum Required Effective Luminous Intensity Sea Water 5 min at water temperature of 2 oc and higher F

28、resh Water 10 min at water temperature of 2 oc and higher 4.6 Service Life Limitations: Service life limitations for the power source (battery) shall be established for primary and reserve batteries in accordance with the following paragraphs. Service life limitations shalf be prominently marked on

29、the battery. 4.6.1 Primary Batteries: Primary batteries for survivor locator lights shall have a rated service life equal to no more than that recommended by the primary cell manufacturer, but in no case more than the average time since manufacture at which self-discharge rates or other cell degrada

30、tion mechanisms reduce available cell energy to the point that the light intensity and duration requirements of document cannot be met. Tests for light intensity and duration, as may be required to show conformance to this document, should be conducted with cells discharged to calculated end-of-serv

31、ice life capacity levels. - 4 -COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE AS*4492 95 7943725 0530006 491 SAE AS4492 4.6.2 Water-Activated Reserve Batteries: The service life for water-activated reserve batteries may be termed “indef

32、inite“ or “on condition“ if: a. They are chemically inert prior to the introduction of moisture through immersion or humidity b. They are adequately protected against moisture degradation per 4.5.2 and 4.9.2 c. They are not susceptible for or are properly protected against other degradation mechanis

33、ms including but not limited to aging (e.g., embrittlement) and long term vibration d. There is a stated means to test for and/or identify reserve batteries that are inoperable or compromised to the extent that they cannot meet the recommended operational requirements of this document. In cases wher

34、e reserve battery service life cannot be defined as “indefinite“ or “on condition“ as specified, the stated service life shall be no more than that recommended by the manufacturer, but in no case more than the average time since manufacture at which self-discharge rates or other degradation mechanis

35、ms reduce available cell energy to the point that the minimum requirements of this document cannot be met. 4.7 Attachment Provisions: The design of the survivor locator light and any detached and/or connected components, such as battery packs, shall include provisions for secure attachment to host e

36、quipment such that when properly installed, the light and any remote parts cannot be removed except by deliberate action. Special consideration shall be given to attachment security under conditions related to evacuation from the aircraft, entry into the water, entry onto flotation platforms, and re

37、scue. 4.8 Moisture Protection: The survivor locator light (with exception of the battery section of water-activated reserve batteries) shall be waterproof and exhibit no evidence of moisture penetration when tested in accordance with 4.9.6. 4.9 Tests: The following tests represent the minimum requir

38、ed for qualification of survivor locator lights to this document. These tests are applicable to both primary and reserve battery power units, except as noted. Each test is to be conducted on a minimum of three randomly selected test articles. Test articles are to be production units or representativ

39、e of production units in all respects. The test articles must be shown to activate automatically and illuminate upon immersion in fresh water at 70 oc (3 C) after each test (except the waterproofness test of 4.9.6). 4.9.1 Luminous Intensity: The effective luminous intensity requirements of 4.3.1 and

40、/or 4.3.2 shall be demonstrated using standard photometric measuring techniques. 4.9.2 Humidity: Perform the tests outlined in RTCA Document D0-160C, paragraph 6.3.1 (Category A- Standard Humidity Test). - 5 -COPYRIGHT SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc)SAE AS*4492 95 7943725 05

41、30007 328 SAEAS4492 4.9.3 Operation Shock and Crash Safety: Perform the tests outlined in RTCA Document D0-160C, Section 7.0 (impulse tests only). 4.9.4 Vibration: Perform the tests outlined in RTCA Document D0-160C. Sectton 8.0, corresponding to “standard“ vibration (paragraph 8.5), per vibration t

42、est curve “B. on Table 8-1 and Figure 8-1 (fixed wing turbojet, instrument panel/console and equipment rack mounted. on vibration insulators). 4.9.5 Explosion Proofness: Perform the tests outlined in RTCA Document D0-160C, Section 9.0 for Environment I conditions, Category A equipment. 4.9.6 Operati

43、on and Waterproofness: Each test sample shall be submerged tn fresh water maintained at 20 oc 3 octo a depth of 1 m (39.3 in) for a period of at least 8 h. The tests articles shall exhibit proper activation function and illuminate for the enttre test period. Inspection of the test articles after the

44、 test shall yield no evidence of water penetration (with the exception of the battery in configurations using water-activated reserve batteries). 4.9.7 Salt Spray: Perform the spray proof tests outlined in RTCA Document DO-t60C, Section 14, for Category S equipment. PREPARED BY SAE COMMITIEE S-9, CABIN SAFETY PROVISIONS - 6-