NAVY MIL-STD-1400 C-1990 ENGINES GASOLINE AND DIESEL METHODS OF TEST《汽油和柴油发动机的检验方法》.pdf

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1、MIL-STD-1400C 28 W 7979731 0073098 7 W -_ _ MIL-STD-1400C 30 July 1990 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-1400B 19 December 1975 MILITARY STANDARD ENGINES, GASOLINE AND DIESEL, METHODS OF TEST FSC 2805 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo

2、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1400C DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Washington, DC 20301 Engines, Gasoline and Diesel, Methods of Test 1. This military standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defence. 2, Beneficial comments

3、 (recommendations, additions, deletions) and .any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: USA Belvoir Research, Development, and Engineering Center, ATTN: STRBE-TSE, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5606, by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improv

4、ement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by 1 etter. I. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page SCOPE 1 Purpose and scope . 1 Application of methods 1 1 Method numbers Method of reference 1 APPLICABLE DOC

5、UMENTS 1 Government documents . 1 1 Specifications and standards . 2 Other Government publications . Other publications 2 Order of precedence 2 DEFINITIONS . 3 Tests. 3 Evaluation tests . 3 End item suitability tests 3 Production control tests . 3 Production tests . 3 Engines 3 Naturally aspirated e

6、ngines 3 Supercharged engines . 3 Turbocharged engines . 3 Poweroutput . 4 Corrected power 4 Rated horsepower . 4 Maximum brake horsepower . 4 Intermittent brake horsepower . 4 Continuous brake horsepower 4 Engine test (speed) 4 Rated speed 4 Long-term idle 5 Standard atmospheric conditions 5 GENERA

7、L REQUIREMENTS 5 Location of tests . 5 Repairs or rep1 acements 5 Modifications during tests 5 Criteria for failure 5 Operating characteristics . 5 Mechanical failure 6 Enginewear. . 6 Engine condition . 6 Justification for retest. . 6 Number of test engines 6 Fuels and lubricants . 7 Fuels. 7 Obser

8、ved power 4 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph Page 4.7.2 5 . 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.1.1 5.1.1.2 5.1.2 5.1.2.1 5.1.2.2 5.1.2.3 5.1.2.4 5.1.2.5 5.1.2.6 5.1.2.7 5.1.3 5.1.3.1 5.1.3.2 5.1.3.3 5.1.3.4 5.1.3.5 5.1.3.6 5.1.3.7 5.1.4 5.1.4

9、.1 5.1.4.2 5.1.4.3 5.1.4.4 5.2 5.2.1 6 . 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.2.1 6.2.2.2 6.2.2.3 6.2.3 6.2.3.1 6.2.3.2 6.2.3.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lubricants 7 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 7 Instrumentation 7 Speed . 7 Engine crankshaft . 7 Turbocharger . 8 Temperatures . 8 Ambientair 8 Intake air 8 Exhaust 8 Fuel 8 Coolant 8

10、 Lubricating oil 8 Cylinder head . 9 Pressures . 9 Barometric 9 Atmospheric vapor . 9 Intake air 9 Exhaust 9 Fuel . 9 Lubricating oil 10 Blowby volume . 10 Fuel and lubricating oil consumption and exhaust smoke . .: 10 Fuel consumption . 10 Lubricating oil consumption 10 Exhaust smoke . 10 Exhaust e

11、mission . 10 Test methods . 10 General 10 NOTES 11 Intendeduse . 11 Limiting test conditions and corrections . 11 Wear . 11 Operating limits . 11 Engine temperatures . 12 Pressures . 12 Smoke limits . 12 Corrections 12 Barometric pressure 12 Horsepower, torque, bmep . 12 Application . 13 Government-

12、furnished property . 13 Subject term (key word) listing Changes from previous issue 13 13 iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1400C TABLES Page Tab1 e I. TestFuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Test Method O

13、utline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Engine Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIXES Appendix A. Test Method Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Servicing and Adjustment Schedule for Evaluation Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Evaluation Test

14、 Model Engine, Physical Descri pt i on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. Maximum Wear Replacement Limits (MWRL) . . . . . . . . E. Outline of Report Form: Tests of Industrial Engines, Evaluation and End item suitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. SampleCurves. . . .

15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. Test Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . . H. Method of Determining Engine Rating . . . . . . . . . . INDEX .* 7 11 12 14 43 48 61 65 69 76 82 83 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-

16、STD-1400C 28 W 7777733 0073103 7 W MIL-STD-1400C 1. SCOPE 1.1 PurDose and scope. This standard establishes the test methods to be used for evaluation, preproduction, and production testing of spark-ignition and compression-ignition industrial engines of the reciprocating type. 4-stroke- and 2-stroke

17、-cycle engines, 1 iquid or air cooled, naturally aspirated, supercharged or turbocharged. It applies to 1.2 ADDliCatiOn of methods. The methods established in this standard apply to engine eval uation , preproduction model performance, production control and production tests under Government procure

18、ment contracts. Gasol i ne Group I - Air cooled, 2- and 4-stroke-cycle under 10 net continuous bhp. Group II - Air or liquid cooled, 2- and 4-stroke-cycleY 10 net continuous bhp and above. Di ese1 - Medium- and high-speed industrial engines, air or liquid cooled, 2- or 4-stroke-cycle. 1.3 Method num

19、bers. standard. The methods included in this standard are numbered in the 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 series. 1.4 Method of reference. Methods of test contained in this standard shall be referenced, when applicable, in the individual procurement documents by specifying this standard and the applicabl

20、e method. Numbers are employed to designate test methods of this 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 SDecifications and standards. Unless otherwise specified, the following I solicitation form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. specifications and standards of

21、 the issue listed in that issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS) specified in the j SPECIFICATIONS Federal VV-F-800 - Fuel Oil , Diesel. Militarv MIL-L-2104 - Lubricating Oil, Internal Combustion Engine, Tactical Servi ce. MIL-G-46015 - Gasol irre, Automoti

22、ve, Combat, Referee Grade. MIL-F-46162 - Fuel , Diesel, Referee Grade. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-3400C 28 m 7777933 0073304 7 m MIL-STD-1400C MIL-L-46167 - Lubricating Oil , Internal Combustion Engine, Arctic. MIL-A-62

23、181 - Analyzer, Gasoline Exhaust Emission, Portable. MIL-T-83133 - Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Type, Grade JP-8. STANDARD Mil itarv MIL-STD-1410 - Methods for Selection of Industrial Engines for End Item Appl i cat i on. (Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications

24、, standards, and handbooks are avail able from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.1.2 Other Government Publications. The following documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. are indicated as DOD adopt

25、ed shall be the issues listed in the issue of the DODISS specified in the solicitation. adopted shall be those in effect on the date of the cited DODISS. The issues of the documents which The issues of documents which have not been U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Publication W. B. No. 235 - U.S. Departm

26、ent of Commerce Weather Bureau Psychometric Tables. (Appl ication for copies should be addressed to the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.) 2.2 Other Dublications. The following document forms a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. do

27、cument which are DOD adopted shall be those listed in the issue of the DODISS specified in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents not listed in the DODISS shall be the issue of the non-Government documents which is current on the date of the solicitation. Unless ot

28、herwise specified, the issues of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ASTM D 4814 - Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel. (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materi al s , 1916 Race Street , Phi 1 adel phi a, PA 19103. ) (Nongovernmen

29、t standards are generally available for reference from 1 i braries. They are al so distributed among nongovernment standards bodies and using Federal agencies.) In the event of a conflict between the text of this standard and the references cited herein, the text of this standard shall take preceden

30、ce. 2.3 Order of precedence. 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1400C 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Tests. 3.1.1 Evaluation tests. Evaluation tests are tests conducted to determine suitability of an engine for military use primarily where

31、 similar commercial experience i s not avai 1 ab1 e. performed on the engine when the end item specification or contract requires first article tests. The conduct of these tests is the responsibility of the end item supplier. They are tests conducted on the engine as installed in the. end item and p

32、rior to the end item first article model test to assure that engines produced for a particular end item application conform ta the characteristics and performance data of the manufacurers specification and meet the requirements of the specific end item. These tests will indicate such characteristics

33、 as power character- istics, fuel pump settings, fuel consumption data, torque curves, ignition timing, intake manifold vacuum, cooling system capability and fan horsepower consumption prior to end item suitability testing of the end item. Diesel engine fuel pumps or injector racks will be sealed to

34、 preclude the engine from developing more horsepower than speci fi ed by the end i tem speci fi cat i on. 3.1.2 End item suitability tests. End item suitability tests are tests 3.1.3 Production control tests. Production control tests are tests performed on engines selected at random from the supplie

35、rs production line to ensure continued compliance with the pertinent end item procurement specification and this standard. 3.1.4 Production tests. Production tests are tests performed on each engine leaving the production 1 ine, except those selected for production control tests, to ensure continued

36、 compliance with the pertinent end item procurement specification and this standard. 3.2 Enqines. 3.2.1 Naturallv aspirated enqines. A naturally aspirated engine is defined as either a 2- or 4-stroke-cycle engine which obtains air for combustion at ambient atmospheric pressures. Also included under

37、this definition is a 2-stroke-cycle engine that utilizes a mechanically connected, engine-driven blower, to provide both combustion and scavenging air but which develops no higher brake mean effective pressure (bmep) than normal for a naturally aspirated engine. 3.2.2 Supercharqed enqines. A superch

38、arged engine is defined as a 4-stroke- cycle engine which employs a mechanically connected, engine-driven, positive- displacement or centrifugal compressor to provide combustion air at higher than ambient atmospheric pressure. A turbocharged engine is an engine which employs an exhaust-driven turbin

39、e driving a centrifugal compressor to provide combustion air or combustion and scavenging air at higher than ambient atmospheric pressure. 3.2.3 Turbocharsed enqines. 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ MIL-STD-3400C 28 9999933 009330

40、6 2 MIL-STD-1400C 3.3 Power output. 3.3.1 Observed Power. Observed power is the power actually developed by an engine fully equipped with all accessories and components as installed in the end item under the existing or simulated atmospheric conditions. 3.3.2 Corrected Dower. Corrected power is the

41、observed power adjusted to atmospheric conditions stated herein (see 3.5) in accordance with 6.2.3.2. 3.3.3 Rated horsepower. Rated horsepower is the power output established by test as defined in test method 1000 but must be further identified as maximum, intermittent, or continuous at a specific s

42、peed, and as defined in subsequent paragraphs. 3.3.4 Maximum brake horsepower. The maximum brake horsepower rating at a specified speed is the maximum power output developed by an engine for 10 minutes of continuous operation without exceeding the manufacturers temperature, observed bmep or other li

43、mits, or limitations set forth in this standard, corrected to specified atmospheric conditions where allowable (see 3.5). attainable with fixed accessories, adjustments, and settings referred to as maximum power test is determined at normal test site conditions, in accordance with test method 1310 o

44、r 1311 (see appendix A), conditions shall be the basis for the maximum bhp rating. horsepower for naturally aspirated engine is corrected to atmospheric conditions stated herein (see 3.5) in accordance with 6.2.3.2. Maximum power The power attainable under these Observed maximum brake 3.3.5 Intermit

45、tent brake horsepower. Intermittent brake horsepower ratings are intended to be the maximum allowable outputs for periods of continuous operation up to 1 hour, with alternate hourly periods of decreased power output. For the purpose of this standard, intermittent brake horsepower at any speed is def

46、ined as the maximum power developed by an engine continuously for 1 hour at that speed without exceeding the manufacturers recommended temperature, observed bmep, or other limits, or limitations set forth in this standard. For military applica- tions, the intermittent brake horsepower rating at any

47、speed shall not exceed 90 percent of the maximum brake horsepower rating of the engine at each speed in the maximum power test, test method 1310 or 1311 (see appendix A), and will be an observed value (see 6.2.3.3). any specified speed is the maximum allowable output for unlimited periods of continu

48、ous operation at sustained load and speed. For military applications, the continuous brake horsepower rating at any speed shall not exceed the observed output developed at that speed under altitude conditions during the maximum power test at 5,000 feet, test method 1410 (see appendix A). more than 8

49、5 percent of the maximum bhp rating of the engine at each speed (see test methods 1310 or 1311, appendix A). 3.3.6 Continuous brake horsepower. The continuous brake horsepower rat i ng at This rating shall be not 3.4 Ensine test (speed). 3.4.1 Rated speed. Rated speed is the speed output associated with the maximum, intermittent, or continuous brake horsepower as defined in 3.3.4 through 3.3.6. 4 Provided