[自考类试卷]自考英语(二)模拟试卷38及答案与解析.doc
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1、自考英语(二)模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds (环绕) the North Pole.Like Antarctica(南极洲) ,the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading125 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温标) below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero
2、are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is th
3、e low temperaturethe killing chill of the far North and the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures.Men have a
4、 way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans.
5、 There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition (探险考察) scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own.Explorers have
6、 discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps (沼泽) and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.1 The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given2 Win
7、ter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given3 The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their killing coldness.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given4 Polar explorers can stay alive by wearing warm coats and furs.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given5 Despit
8、e the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given6 As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given7 Antarctica is colder
9、 than Arctic on average.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given8 Heaters should be kept going in the night for men to survive in polar areas.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given9 Coal is rich in Antarctica.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given10 At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew the
10、re.(A)True(B) False(C) Not Given二、阅读选择10 Cells and TemperatureCells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37; a dep
11、arture of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mamma
12、ls and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded“ and “cold-blooded“ species; warm-blooded included m
13、ammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)each cold-bloodedusually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so
14、is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms(同温动物) ,and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms (变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals
15、there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.The current distinction is between animals whose bod
16、y temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物) ,and the latter are called ectotherms (外温动物). Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperatu
17、re, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of intern
18、al adjustments. 11 The passage mainly discusses_.(A)body temperatures of various animals(B) the newest research on measuring temperature(C) methods of temperature reduction(D)the classification of animals by temperature regulation12 Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?
19、(A)Warm-blooded.(B) Eetothermie.(C) Cold-blooded.(D)Poikilothermic.13 In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated_.(A)consciously(B) internally(C) inadequately(D)environmentally14 According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by_.(A)seeking out
20、appropriate locations(B) hibernating part of the year(C) staying in deep water(D)triggering certain metabolic processes15 According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by_.(A)choosing favorable environments(B) internal metabolic processes(C) eating more food(D)doing
21、physical exercises三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Alaska1 In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and pol
22、ar bear“beyond Canadas western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of ice-bergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From e
23、arly May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two thirds of a meter down.3 Alaska is Americas largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area ar
24、e fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who disco
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- 自考 试卷 英语 模拟 38 答案 解析 DOC