1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 38 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The Cold PlacesThe Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds (环绕) the North Pole.Like Antarctica(南极洲) ,the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading125 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏温标) below zero. Readings of 85 degrees below zero
2、are common in both the Arctic and Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is th
3、e low temperaturethe killing chill of the far North and the polar South.To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the below-zero temperatures.Men have a
4、 way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans.
5、 There is life on land.Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition (探险考察) scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own.Explorers have
6、 discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps (沼泽) and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.1 The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded in Antarctica.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 Win
7、ter temperatures average 85 degrees below zero in Antarctica.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 The Arctic and Antarctica are no mans lands because of their killing coldness.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 Polar explorers can stay alive by wearing warm coats and furs.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 Despit
8、e the hostile environment, both animals and plants can be found in the oceans and on land in polar areas.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 As discovered by expedition scientists, Antarctica has not always been so cold as it is today, so has the Arctic.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given7 Antarctica is colder
9、 than Arctic on average.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 Heaters should be kept going in the night for men to survive in polar areas.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given9 Coal is rich in Antarctica.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10 At one time, the weather in Antarctica was so warm and damp that trees grew the
10、re.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 Cells and TemperatureCells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37; a dep
11、arture of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.For centuries it has been recognized that mamma
12、ls and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded“ and “cold-blooded“ species; warm-blooded included m
13、ammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)each cold-bloodedusually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so
14、is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms(同温动物) ,and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms (变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals
15、there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.The current distinction is between animals whose bod
16、y temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物) ,and the latter are called ectotherms (外温动物). Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperatu
17、re, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of intern
18、al adjustments. 11 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）body temperatures of various animals（B） the newest research on measuring temperature（C） methods of temperature reduction（D）the classification of animals by temperature regulation12 Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?
19、（A）Warm-blooded.（B） Eetothermie.（C） Cold-blooded.（D）Poikilothermic.13 In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated_.（A）consciously（B） internally（C） inadequately（D）environmentally14 According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by_.（A）seeking out
20、appropriate locations（B） hibernating part of the year（C） staying in deep water（D）triggering certain metabolic processes15 According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by_.（A）choosing favorable environments（B） internal metabolic processes（C） eating more food（D）doing
21、physical exercises三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Alaska1 In 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers “of icebergs and pol
22、ar bear“beyond Canadas western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of ice-bergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From e
23、arly May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two thirds of a meter down.3 Alaska is Americas largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area ar
24、e fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.4 Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who disco
25、vered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the states earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada ju
26、st across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U. S. mainland, and within the state, every town has its own
27、airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress t
28、han the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the states chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pul
29、p. In recent years, Alaskas single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.A. Rich Resources of the StateB. Connections With the Outside WorldC. Transportation ProblemD. The Natives of the LandE. Position and Cold ClimateF. L
30、and and Population16 Paragraph 117 Paragraph 218 Paragraph 319 Paragraph 420 Paragraph 520 A. as fish does B. oilC. by the United States in the 19th centuryD. shines day and nightE. only a very small percentageF. a limited amount of the gold found there21 For as long as three months of a year, the s
31、un_on the ice-covered land of Alaska.22 According to statistics, _of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.23 Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought_.24 Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_.25 ._has become Alaskas single important resource.四、填句补文25 Presidential Ele
32、ctionsPresidential election is an important event that happens once every four years. Currently, the president is always elected from one of the two main parties in the United States: the Republicans and the Democrats. There are other presidential candidates. However, it is unlikely that any of thes
33、e “third party“ candidates will win.【T1】_In order to become the presidential nominee (候选人 ) of a party, the candidate must win the primary election. Primary elections are held throughout each state in the United States in the first half of any election year. Then, the delegates attend their party co
34、nvention (政党代表大会 ) in order to nominate their chosen candidate. Usually, its clear who will be the nominee. However, in the past parties have been divided and choosing a nominee has been a difficult process.Once the nominees have been selected, they campaign throughout the country. A number of debat
35、es are usually held in order to better understand the candidates points of view.【T2】_A party platform is best described as the general beliefs and policies that a party holds. Candidates cross the country by plane, bus, train or by car giving speeches.【T3】_In the 19th century candidates would stand
36、on tree stumps to deliver their speeches. These stump speeches repeat the candidates basic views and wishes for the country. They are repeated many hundreds of times by each candidate.Many people believe that campaigns in the United States have become too negative.【T4】_These short ads contain sound
37、bites which often distort (扭曲) the truth.The United States maintains an extremely old, and some say inefficient, voting system. This system is called the Electoral College (总统选举团 ). Each state is assigned electoral votes based on the number of senators (参议员) and representatives that state has in Con
38、gress.【T5】_The number of representatives is determined by the state s population, but is never less than one. The electoral votes are decided by the popular vote in each state. One candidate wins all of the electoral votes in a state. In other words, Oregon has 8 electoral votes. If 1 million people
39、 vote for the Republican candidate and one million and ten people vote for the Democratic candidate, all 8 electoral votes will go to the democratic candidate. In the end, many people feel that this system should be abandoned.A. Each night you can see many attack ads on the television.B. These speec
40、hes are often called“ stump speeches“.C. These points of view often reflect their partys platform.D. It certainly hasnt happened in the last one hundred years.E. Each state has two Senators.F. Parliamentary and presidential elections should then follow.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 Two
41、 People, Two PathsYou must be familiar with the situation: Dad is driving. Mum is telling him where to go. He is【B1】_ that they need to turn left. But she says it is not for another two blocks.【B2 】_ has the better sense of direction? Men or women? They both do, a new study says, but in different wa
42、ys. Canadian researchers have found men and women have【B3】_ methods of finding their way. Men look quickly at landmarks and head off in what they think is the right direction. Women, however, try to picture the whole route in【B4】_ and then follow the path in their head. “Women tend to be more detail
43、ed, while men【B5 】_ to be a little bit faster and a little bit more intuitive(直觉感知的 )“,said Edward Cornell.In fact, said Cornell,“ sense of【B6】_ “is not one skill but two. The first is the “survey method“. This is when you see all area from above, such as a printed map. You can see, for example, whe
44、re the hospital is,【B7】_ the church is and that the supermarket is on its right. The second skill is the “route method“, this is when you use a series of directions. You【B8】_ from the hospital, then turn left, turn right, go uphilland then you see the supermarket. Men are more【B9】_ to use the survey
45、 method while women are more likely to use one route and follow directions. Both methods work, and【B10】_ is better.A. direction B. who C. sureD. start E. likely F. whatG. where H. neither I. differentJ. both K. tend L. detail31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40
46、【B10 】六、完形补文40 Problems Caused by Using ComputersLong hours at the screen can cause【C1】_(ache) eyes, 【C2】_(blur) vision and headaches, experts say. In fact, eyestrain surpasses even wrist pain as the top physical【C3】_(complain) among heavy computer users. When peering into the computer screen, the e
47、yes focusing muscle is at constant tension. Like any muscle, it feels sore when【C4】_(overload). And when someone spends a lot of time looking at something close, the eye muscle can get【C5】_(stick) on the near-focus setting and have difficulty relaxing, leaving the person【C6】_(temporary) nearsighted,
48、 a condition called accommodative spasm (痉挛) that can last seconds or hours. The letters on the screen are not as clearly【C7】_(define) as on a printed page. Take a magnifying glass to your monitor and youll see the letters, each made up of pinpoint sources of light, have no sharp edges. But those li
49、quid crystal display (LCD) monitors, like those found on laptop computers, are【C8】_(easy) on the eyes because they display sharper images. And studies have shown that when people are working on a computer, their rate of【C9】_(blink) goes down by two-thirds, which can result in dry, stinging eyes. This is especially a problem for contact-lenses【C10】_(wear).41 【C1 】42 【C2
