[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷333及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 333 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 We maintain that in general a focus on positive information benefits well-being. However, there are probably conditions when a chronic tendency to focus
2、 on positive material is maladaptive. One such context, we presumed, is decision-making, especially when options include both positive and negative features. When making decisions, negative features of options often have higher diagnostic value. If a person who is deciding whether to renew a health
3、care plan remembers that she likes her physician but forgets that the plan does not pay for the hip surgery she needs, a suboptimal decision could be made. Corinna and I designed another study with two primary aims: to see whether in a decision context older people would review positive features of
4、options more than negative features; and if this was the case, to see if we could eliminate the effect by modifying goals with instructions. Using computer-based decision scenarios, 60 older and 60 younger adults were presented with positive, negative, and neutral information about ostensible health
5、 care options. Some scenarios presented characteristics of physicians. Others presented features of health care plans. The information was hidden behind colored squares, and participants had to click on the square to see the information. They were told that positive information was behind white squa
6、res and negative information was behind black squares. We then observed how often participants examined the positive information versus the negative information. Later we tested their memory for the information. As we predicted, older adults reviewed and recalled a greater proportion of positive inf
7、ormation than did younger adults. Most important, participants in one group were repeatedly reminded to “focus on the facts“ and in this group the preference for positive information disappeared.Human need is the basis for virtually all of science. If we rise to the challenge of an aging population
8、by systematically applying science and technology to questions that improve quality of life in adulthood and old age, longer-lived populations will inspire breakthroughs in the social, physical, and biological sciences that will improve the quality of life at all ages. Longevity science will reveal
9、ways to improve learning from birth to advanced ages and to deter age-related slowing in cognitive processing. Longevity science will draw enormously on insights about individuals genomic predispositions and the environmental conditions that trigger the onset of disease. Longevity science will help
10、us understand how stress slowly but surely affects health. Most of the challenges of longer-lived populations will require interdisciplinary collaborations. Psychological science must be a part of this process.1 The author holds that when making decisions, _.(A)positive information should be focused
11、(B) all options should be carefully diagnosed(C) negative information should be considered(D)maladaptive information should be avoided2 It can be inferred from the text that _.(A)a suboptimal decision originates from negative information(B) an optimal decision primarily results from positive informa
12、tion(C) negative information is less beneficial than positive information(D)both positive and negative information is needed for decision making3 The study made by the author and Corrinna shows that _.(A)older people focus more on positive information(B) there are more positive features than negativ
13、e ones(C) younger people focus more on negative information(D)it is easier for positive information to be remembered4 The author argues that longevity science_.(A)improves the quality of life for both old and young(B) contributes to the improvement of biological functions(C) meets the challenge of l
14、onger life in developed nations(D)inspires breakthroughs in various disciplines of sciences5 According to the text, it is advisable to be aware of_.(A)the negative features of options(B) the dark side of the positive effect(C) the challenge of an aging population(D)the typical process of decision ma
15、king5 DNA testing has become something our society relies on very heavily for identification purposes. Everyone has different DNA so it is a unique way to identify an individual. It is the equivalent of a signature only in a genetic form that cant be altered or hidden. One of the most common uses of
16、 DNA testing is to track down criminals who have left hair, skin, or semen at the scene of a crime.A use for DNA testing that is less familiar to most individuals is for tracking down a persons heritage. It can be hard to determine a persons heritage without the help of DNA testing. Each person is c
17、lassified into one of four main groups when it comes to ancestry. Those groups arc East Asian, Native American, African, or European.Many people have some identifying features or skin colors that help to identify their particular line of ancestry. The trouble is that many people have parents from tw
18、o different ancestry lines. This makes the diversification very hard to track as you start looking back on generations of mixed ancestry. With ancestry DNA it is possible to determine the dominant one for that individual.The testing involved in the ancestry DNA process is done with the technology av
19、ailable today. Ancestry DNA testing involves the process of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism so that the dominant ethnic group can be identified. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism also tells the percentage of the different ancestry groups that make up the individuals DNA.While you may wonder why ance
20、stry is so important to some people, the reality is that it does matter. It is interesting to know where your heritage lies and for some people not knowing gives them a void they really want to have filled. This is more important to them than simply fitting into society because of their race or colo
21、r.There is plenty of debate surrounding the concept of ancestry DNA. Many experts claim it is not a reliable way to determine ones heritage. They also believe it causes issues with cultural beliefs rather than instilling a sense of their role in society. Others find these claims to be completely rid
22、iculous and place plenty of merit in ancestry DNA test results. There are many good ancestry DNA test locations in the world that do offer individuals the opportunity to find out where their true heritage lies. Meanwhile an independent validation method still has to be adopted before the scientific
23、field is going to accept it.6 According to the text, DNA testing_.(A)is a highly accurate, reliable and confidential way(B) can differentiate a person from all the other people(C) is an indispensible tool for verifying ones signature(D)helps to distinguish a criminals hair, skin, or semen7 A persons
24、 heritage_.(A)might be discovered with the help of DNA testing(B) consists mainly of two types: cultural and national(C) is something passed down from preceding generations(D)is revealed by the color of his hair, eyes, and complexion8 The ancestry DNA testing_.(A)tests your DNA passed down from your
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