[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷173及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 173 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Less than a year ago, a new generation of diet pills seemed to offer the long-sought answer to our chronic weight problems. Hundreds of thousands of pou
2、nd-conscious Americans had discovered that a drug combination known as “fen-phen“ could shut off voracious appetites like magic, and the FDA had just approved a new drug, Redux, that did the same with fewer side effects. Redux would attract hundreds of thousands of new pill poppers within a few mont
3、hs.But now the diet-drug revolution is facing a backlash. Some of the nations largest HMOs, including Aetna U.S. Healthcare and Prudential Healthcare, have begun cutting back or eliminating reimbursement for both bills. Diet chains like Jenny Graig and Nutri System are backing away from them too. Se
4、veral states, meanwhile, have restricted the use of fen-phen. Last week the Florida legislature banned new prescriptions entirely and called on doctors to wean current patients from the drug within 30 days; it also put a 90-day limit on Redux prescriptions. Even New Jersey doctor Sheldon Levine, who
5、 touted Redux last year on TV and in his book The Redux Revolution, has stopped giving it to all but his most obese patients.The reason for all the retrenchment: potentially lethal side effects. Over the summer, the FDA revealed that 82 patients had developed defects in their heart valves while on f
6、en-phen, and that seven patients had come down with the same condition on Redux. As if that werent bad enough, physicians reported that a woman who had been taking fen-phen for less than a month died of primary pulmonary hypertension, a sometimes fatal lung condition already associated with Redux. A
7、nd an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association last month confirmed earlier reports that both fen-phen and Redux can cause brain damage in lab animals.These findings led the New England Journal to publish an editorial admonishing doctors to prescribe the drugs only for patients wit
8、h severe obesity. Meanwhile, FDA asked drugmakers to put more explicit warnings on fen-phen and Redux labels. Since mid-July, prescriptions for fen-phen have dropped 56%, and those for Redux 36%, according to IMS America, a pharmaceutical-market research firm.All that really does, however, is bringi
9、ng the numbers down to where they should have been all along. Manufacturers said from the start that their pills offered a short-term therapy for the obese, not for people looking to fit into a smaller bathing suit. FDA approved Redux with just such a caveat, and when limited to these patients, the
10、drugs may still make sense despite the risksbecause morbid obesity carries its own dangers, including heart disease, diabetes and stroke. Too often, however, Redux and fen-phen were peddled to all comers, almost like candy. The current backlash, says Levine, is a “roller coaster that never should ha
11、ve happened“.1 What does the phrase “pill poppers“(Lines 5-6, Paragraph 1)means?(A)Pill distributors.(B) Pill manufacturers.(C) Pill promoters.(D)Pill takers and abusers.2 The worst case that revealed the fatal dark side of the diet pills is(A)82 patients on fen-phen and seven on Redux had developed
12、 heart disease.(B) a woman patient on fen-phen had died of abnormally high blood pressure.(C) a woman patient on fen-phen had died of a lung disease.(D)both diet pills have caused brain damage.3 New England Journal admonished doctors to(A)give the pills only to the severely overweight persons.(B) ta
13、ke the obese patients off the drugs completely.(C) reduce prescriptions of the pills drastically.(D)put clearer warnings on the drug labels.4 According to the drug manufacturers, the pills(A)only offer temporary treatment for patients with morbid obesity.(B) are meant for all the people who yearn fo
14、r slimness.(C) are the best cure to our chronic weight problems.(D)are the most important weight-loss discoveries.5 We can infer from the last paragraph that(A)the severe obesity carries the potential of illnesses.(B) the pills were sold to all comers without discrimination.(C) the pills may still b
15、e effective if properly administered.(D)the pills shouldnt have been hailed as miraculous cures and then discarded.5 The Warranty Holdings Group, a European leader in mechanical breakdown insurance and a researcher and commentator on trends in motoring, says that the motorists world 20 years from no
16、w will be marked by more cars, more choice and more technology. Built-in safety features will increase and will include night-vision and collision-avoidance system, and monitoring devices to stop drivers falling asleep at the wheel.A growth in tele-working and home shopping should cut the numbers of
17、 trips in a car made by most motorists and “fun“ sportscars will become popular as private motoring becomes more recreational in nature.The survey results show that despite years of research into alternative fuel sources for vehicles, no clear winner has emerged for a replacement for the conventiona
18、l petrol-engined car. Gas and electricity are the best possibilities, with Toyotas design division in Japan claiming it already has an electric car that will drive up to 250 km on a single charge.However, while electric and “hybrid“ powered vehicles will be far more in evidence in the future, it wil
19、l take a major technological breakthrough to steer the car industry away from its current path of gradual improvements to the petrol-driven internal combustion engine.Professor Garel Rhys, of the Cardiff Business School in Wales, says engine fuel injection systems of the future will be far more frug
20、al than anything that exists at the moment. “It will be like putting a pipette of petrol into the cylinders, rather than just throwing it in by the bucket load, which is almost what we do at the moment when you compare it with what could be possible. “Some environmentalists point to the Twingo, the
21、small car developed by Frances Renault company, to show that what could be achieved by the worlds car industry if it moved away from a trend towards bigger and more powerful cars and radically cut the fuel consumption of its products. Public opinion polls in many countries show motorists wanting acc
22、ess to this kind of environmentally-aware car.A prototype environmental car, the SmILE(smaller, intelligent, lighter, efficient)has been put together by the environmental group Greenpeace. The group hopes the concept will catch on. It depends heavily on supercharging or forcing fuel mixture into the
23、 cylinders at higher than normal pressure. Some experts say this is a good way to extract high performance and high fuel efficiency from small engines.Cutting the fuel consumption has had no negative effect on the handling or performance of the car, according to the designers. Top speed, flexibility
24、 and acceleration from the engine is as good or better than the original Twingo. They say the technology used to create the Twingo SmILE could just as easily be used on other brands of car.What remains to be seen is whether the enthusiasm of environmental designers catches on with the dollar-driven
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