[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷103及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 103 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For e

2、xample, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this【C1】_ author is not known and will probably never be known.Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want peoples【C2】_ of the real autho

3、r【C3 】_ their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】_ certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more【C5 】_ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】_ that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in socie

4、ties where their【C7】_ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the【C8】_ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many

5、countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】_ personal information which is protected. In some【C10】_, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】_ to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】_ seeing him face to face.The anonymity in【C13】_ situations is

6、however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】_ crime, some countries allow or even【C15】_ that the lawyer tell the【C16】_. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to【C17 】 _ their feeling m

7、ore than their real intention.Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【 C18】_ that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【 C19】_ the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name.

8、 Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】_ reasons.1 【C1 】（A）strange（B） ordinary（C） ridiculous（D）famous2 【C2 】（A）preconception（B） worship（C） admiration（D）discrimination3 【C3 】（A）color（B） destroy（C） distinguish（D）prefer4 【C4 】（A）show（B） conceal（C

9、） cancel（D）distain5 【C5 】（A）funny（B） unbiased（C） fresh（D）straight6 【C6 】（A）surprising（B） common（C） acknowledged（D）unbelievable7 【C7 】（A）religion（B） belief（C） idea（D）synagogue8 【C8 】（A）possession（B） honor（C） privacy（D）reputation9 【C9 】（A）require（B） disperse（C） reveal（D）get10 【C10 】（A）countries（B） fil

10、es（C） regions（D）cases11 【C11 】（A）cleaned（B） put（C） designed（D）automated12 【C12 】（A）before（B） after（C） with（D）without13 【C13 】（A）confessional（B） church（C） other（D）private14 【C14 】（A）casual（B） serious（C） medium（D）temporary15 【C15 】（A）beg（B） plead（C） appeal（D）require16 【C16 】（A）police（B） confessor（C） b

11、oss（D）priest17 【C17 】（A）keep（B） leak（C） intensify（D）express18 【C18 】（A）insulting（B） important（C） forgivable（D）proud19 【C19 】（A）of（B） among（C） on（D）within20 【C20 】（A）unknown（B） striking（C） obvious（D）intimatePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos

12、ing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Warren Buffett, who on May 3rd hosts the folksy extravaganza that is Berkshire Hathaways annual shareholders meeting, is an icon of American capitalism. At 83, he also embodies a striking demographic trend: for highly skilled people to go on working well into what was

13、 once thought to be old age. Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate.This gap is part of a deepening d

14、ivide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor that is slicing through all age groups. Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. Those at the top are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom. And the well-qua

15、lified are extending their working lives, compared with those of less-educated people. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled.

16、Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly res

17、ponsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with stingier defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have

18、a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their predecessors. Technological change may we

19、ll reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management expertise to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay ta

20、xes for longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other places. At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim. Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings,

21、 which will weaken demand. Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.21 According to the author, Warren Buffett hosting the folksy extravaganza at 83

22、indicates that_.（A）the demographic development is shocking（B） he is the representative figure of American capitalism（C） the highly skilled continue to work as they grow older（D）Berkshire Hathaways shareholders meeting is held once a year22 The deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and

23、the unskilled poor is revealed in the following aspects EXCEPT_.（A）revenue（B） working lives（C） working hours（D）the global population23 If well-educated folk postponed retirement, who would be influenced?（A）the unskilled young（B） the idle old（C） the working young（D）baby-boomers24 As mentioned in Para

24、graph 3 and 4, which is NOT the reason of the gap between the well-educated and the unskilled?（A）policy（B） country（C） labor skills（D）the changing nature of work 25 In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on_.（A）a vivid account of global ageing（B） a deta

25、iled description of positive impact（C） other possible reasons for the deepening divide in U.S.（D）one likely solution such as imposing higher inheritance taxes25 Psychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like some people, reliably sm

26、arter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called upon to solve in the real

27、world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning.Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have good math skills, even tho

28、ugh we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarter than others.We found th

29、e smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the teams discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes, which measures how well p

30、eople can read complex emotional states from images of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at “mindreading“ than men.In a new study, we repli

31、cated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned each of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see whether groups that worked o

32、nline would still demonstrate collective intelligence, and whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser.And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, the most important ingredients

33、 for a smart team remained constant regardless of its mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.26 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）some groups are really smarter than others（B） the 697 volunteer participan

34、ts need to complete a series of short tasks together（C） the selected short tasks must have practical significance（D）logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task27 According to psychologists, individual intelligence_.（A）is characterized by generality（B） is related to math skills（C） i

35、s not related to teams（D）is key to smarter teams28 According to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT _.（A）the members have relatively equal contribution to the teams discussions（B） the members have a higher IQ（C） the members have a stronger ability of rea

36、ding complex facial expressions（D）there are more female members than other teams29 In a new study, the other half of people work online because_.（A）it s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experiment（B） online collaboration is becoming more and more important（C） the experimenters want to see whe

37、ther collective intelligence will be showed（D）the experimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team30 The best title for the passage may be_.（A）How to Develop a Smarter Team（B） Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than Others（C） The Characteristics of Smarter Team（D）What Factors can Affect a T

38、eam30 It is no longer particularly rare for women to be the main breadwinnerin the US a quarter of wives now earn more than their husbandsbut what is rarer is for such a relationship to work. A book published last week by the journalist Farnoosh Torabi draws together data showing just how hard it is

39、: high-earning women have difficulty finding a husband, and when they do, he is five times as likely to be unfaithful as other husbands. The woman will probably do more than her share of chores; though in the unusual event that he starts ironing and cooking, he is likely to end his marriage. Either

40、way, divorce beckons.The majority of people, even very young couples, still seem to be in relationships where the man makes more. One fiercely clever young man says his equally clever feminist girlfriend has told him she could never marry a man who earned less as she didn t fancy a life spent proppi

41、ng up his ego.One male colleague says his wifes habit of making a lot was a godsend for him as he loves money but is too lazy to make much himself. More commonly it comes when the man s professional ego is not measured in money. Various men at the FT(Financiai Times) have wives earning a fortune in

42、the city, freeing them to be relatively poorly paid hacks. Within the marriage there is the understanding that his career matters as muchif not morethan hers. In the same way, some female journalists support men who are musicians and designers, who love what they do, and (in the best cases) are also

43、 happy to take the lead in bringing up the children.The most interesting cases are when both started together in a similar industry but over the years the woman has overtaken the man. Most of these seem to end badly. But one successful male journalist explained how he had overcome the problem of hav

44、ing an even more successful wife. “Its the Piketty debate, isnt it? What matters mostinequality, or overall living standards?“ In the interests of the latter, he has wisely refused to feel any resentment and instead declares himself utterly proud of his wife.31 Which of the following is NOT true acc

45、ording to Paragraph 1?（A）Today, its common for a woman to be the main breadwinner.（B） The husband of high-earning woman is more likely to be unfaithful.（C） In the US, half of wives earn more than their husbands.（D）Many men are difficult to live with a successful wife.32 Women are unwilling to marry

46、a man who earns less than her because such a man_.（A）cant support her（B） has nothing in common with her（C） is easily hurt（D）tends to be more conservative33 The case of “one male colleague“ demonstrates that_.（A）some men wish to marry a rich woman（B） some men are enjoyable to do housework（C） a succes

47、sful wife is more helpful to her husband（D）a successful wife is more tolerate34 According to the journalist, how should a man face the more successful wife?（A）He should try his best to maintain the equality between couples.（B） He should learn to appreciate his successful wife.（C） He should keep the

48、balance between work and life.（D）He should learn to express his dissatisfaction in right way.35 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）today its still hard for a man to accept a successful wife（B） today the equality between couples is still important（C） women are more open-minded in the marria

49、ge bonds（D）the ego of men is stronger than women s35 “Its such a simple thing,“ said John Spitzer, managing director of equipment standards for the United States Golf Association. “Im amazed that so many people spend so much time and energy on trying to change it“ The simple thing to which he refers is the humble golf tee, a peg made of wood that most of us grab by the handful or buy for a few pennies each,