[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷141及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 141 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 “What About the Men?“ was the title of a Congressional briefing last week timed to【B1 】_National Work and Family Month. “What abou

2、t them?“ you may be【B2】_to yell.When Ellen Galinsky, president of the Families and Work Institute, first went out on the road to talk about her organization s research into men s work-family【B3】_, she received many such grumpy responses. Work-life experts laughed at her. Men are【 B4】_, they said. Th

3、ey don t have the right to complain. That was in 2008, before the Great Recession had hit. And this year, when Galinsky went out on the road again to talk about the results of a new study on male work-life conflict, she got a very【B5 】_response. Some men became very【B6】_. They felt they didn t have

4、permission to feel【B7】_. “ This is what I think about each and every day, “ she recalled another man telling her. “ I didn t realize that anyone else did, “ he said. “ He thought he was alone,“ Galinsky told me.【B8 】_men are 【B9】_work-family conflict isn t new. Indeed, it s been some time now that t

5、heyand younger men in particularhave been complaining of feeling the【B10】_in even greater numbers of women. Failure,【B11】_, uncertainty, the【B12】_that comes from spending a lifetime playing one game【B13 】_, mid-way through, that the rules have suddenly changed, seem to have【B14】_the old categories o

6、f self, work and meaning for many men.Is this a bad thing? I d rather see it as a moment ripe【B15】_possibility. “ A new beginning,“ said Ellen Galinsky. After all, what men are starting to say sounds an awful lot like the conversational stirrings that【B16】_the way for the modern women s movement.For

7、 some years now, sociologists have been tracking the patterns of what they call【B17 】_in men and women s lives. Mostly, when we think of this, we tend to focus【B18 】_how they live, what they do, how they spend time, whether they do or do not empty the dishwasher or care for their children. But what

8、about how they feel? Now that this final frontier is being breached, I wonder if we aren t fully prepared to see more meaningful change in men sand women s and familieslives than ever before. That is: if we can【B19】_the change and act【 B20】_it with courage, not fear.1 【B1 】（A）commemorate（B） memorize

9、（C） remember（D）memorial2 【B2 】（A）attempted（B） tempted（C） contempted（D）prompted3 【B3 】（A）balance（B） combination（C） conflict（D）separation4 【B4 】（A）benefited（B） destined（C） privileged（D）favored5 【B5 】（A）similar（B） different（C） negative（D）positive6 【B6 】（A）compassionate（B） sensational（C） rational（D）emot

10、ional7 【B7 】（A）overwhelmed（B） stressful（C） lost（D）inferior8 【B8 】（A）That（B） What（C） As（D）Whatever9 【B9 】（A）striving（B） experiencing（C） struggling（D）confronting10 【B10 】（A）disaster（B） torture（C） pain（D）squeeze11 【B11 】（A）indifference（B） innocence（C） instability（D）insanity12 【B12 】（A）self-awareness（B）

11、 self-worth（C） self-esteem（D）self-doubt13 【B13 】（A）only to find（B） seeking（C） to find（D）to seek14 【B14 】（A）shattered（B） spoiled（C） shed（D）shivered15 【B15 】（A）beyond（B） by（C） for（D）with16 【B16 】（A）laid（B） cleared（C） paved（D）set17 【B17 】（A）distinction（B） convergence（C） divergence（D）discrepancy18 【B18

12、】（A）in（B） on（C） with（D）by19 【B19 】（A）acquire（B） anticipate（C） acknowledge（D）appreciate20 【B20 】（A）for（B） to（C） with（D）uponPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 One of the many pleasures of watching Mad Men, a tel

13、evision drama about the advertising industry in the early 1960s,is examining the ways in which office life has changed over the years. One obvious change makes people feel good about themselves: they no longer treat women as second-class citizens. But the other obvious change makes them feel a bit m

14、ore uneasy: they have lost the art of enjoying themselves at work.The ad-men in those days enjoyed simple pleasures. They puffed away at their desks. They drank throughout the day. They had affairs with their colleagues. They socialised not in order to bond,but in order to get drunk. Nowadays many c

15、ompanies are obsessed with fun. Software firms in Silicon Valley have installed rock-climbing walls in their reception areas and put inflatable animals in their offices, Wal-Mart orders its cashiers to smile at all and sundry. The cult of fun has spread like some disgusting haemorrhagic disease.This

16、 cult of fun is driven by three of the most popular management fads of the moment: empowerment, engagement and creativity. Many companies pride themselves on devolving power to front-line workers. But surveys show that only 20% of workers are “fully engaged with their job“. Even fewer are creative.

17、Managers hope that “ fun“ will magically make workers more engaged and creative. But the problem is that as soon as fun becomes part of a corporate strategy it ceases to be fun and becomes its oppositeat best an empty shell and at worst a tiresome imposition.The most unpleasant thing about the fashi

18、on for fun is that it is mixed with a large dose of pressure. Boston Pizza encourages workers to send“ golden bananas “to colleagues who are “having fun while being the best“. Behind the“fun“there often lurks some crude management thinking: a desire to brand the company as better than its rivals, or

19、 a plan to boost productivity through team-building. Twitter even boasts that it has “worked hard to create an environment that spawns productivity and happiness“.While imposing fake fun on their employees, companies are battling against the real thing. Many force smokers to huddle outside like furt

20、ive criminals. Few allow their employees to drink at lunch time, let alone earlier in the day. A regiment of busybodiesfrom lawyers to human resources functionariesis waging war on office romance, particularly between people of different ranks.The merchants of fake fun have met some resistance. When

21、 Wal-Mart tried to impose alien rules on its German staffsuch as compulsory smiling and a ban on affairs with coworkersit touched off a guerrilla war that ended only when the supermarket chain announced it was pulling out of Germany in 2006. But such victories are rare. For most wage slaves forced t

22、o pretend they are having fun at work, the only relief is to poke fun at their tormentors. Mad Men reminds people of a world they have losta world where bosses did not think that“ fun“ was a management tool and where employees could happily quaff Scotch at noon. Cheers to that.21 In the opening para

23、graph, the author introduces his topic by_.（A）explaining a phenomenon（B） justifying an assumption（C） posing an argument（D）making a contrast22 Which of the following statements can Not be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4?（A）Companies are competing each other in creating fun.（B） Fun has been turned in

24、to a means as achieving corporate strategy.（C） Empowerment,engagement and creativity are nothing but empty concepts.（D）Twitter prides itself in promoting the happiness as well as the productivity.23 By citing Wal-mart s example,the author intends to_.（A）warn companies of potential culture shock in m

25、ultinational management（B） encourage dissatisfied workers to fight against their boss（C） highlight the rarity of successful resistance against widespread cult for fun（D）express his admiration for disobedient German24 The restriction on smoking and drinking reflects company s_.（A）contradiction in wor

26、ds and action（B） ignorance of employees true happiness（C） violation of basic human rights（D）inflexibility in managing staff25 It can be inferred from the text that ad-men in 1960s are more happy than office workers today mainly because_.（A）they are free to enjoy simple and spontaneous fun（B） they ar

27、e empowered to make individual decisions（C） they are not forced to boost creavitivity and productivity（D）they can take a relief to poke fun at their boss25 The first time I tried shark-fin soup was at Time Warners annual dinner in Hong Kong. Shark-fin soup is a luxury item($100 bowl in some restaura

28、nts)in Hong Kong and Mainland China,its biggest consumers; its a dish that embodies east Asias intertwined notions of hospitality and keeping(or losing)“face“. “Its like champagne“ , says Alvin Leung,owner of Bo Innovation, a Cantonese restaurant in Hong Kong. “You dont open a bottle of Coke to cele

29、brate. Its a ritual. “Unfortunately, this gesture of hospitality comes with a price tag much bigger than that $ 100 bowl. All told, up to 70 million sharks are killed annually for the trade, despite the fact that 30% of shark species are threatened with extinction. “ Sharks have made it through mult

30、iple mass extinctions on our planet,“ says Matt Rand, director of Pews Global Shark Conservation division. “ Now many species are going to go the way of the dinosaurfor a bowl of soup. “The shark-fin industry has gained notoriety in recent years not just because of what its doing to the global shark

31、 population but also because of whats known as finningthe practice of catching a shark, removing its fins and dumping the animal back into the sea. While a pound of shark fin can go for up to $ 300, most shark meat isnt particularly valuable,and it takes up freezer space and weight on fishing boats.

32、 Today,finning is illegal in the waters of the E. U. ,the U. S. and Australia,among others; boats are required to carry a certain ratio of fins to carcasses(尸体)to prevent massive overfishing. But there are loopholes in antifinning laws that are easy to exploit. In the E. U. ,for example, ships can l

33、and the fins separately from the carcasses, making the job of monitoring the weight ratio nearly impossible. In the U. S. ,a boat found carrying nearly 65,000 lb.(30,000 kg)of illegal shark fins won a court case because it was registered as a cargo vessel,which current U. S. finning laws do not cove

34、r. Sharks populations cant withstand commercial fishing the way more fertile marine species can. Unlike other fish harvested from the wild, sharks grow slowly. They dont reach sexual maturity until later in lifethe female great white,for example,at 12 to 14 yearsand when they do, they have comparati

35、vely few offspring at a time, unlike, say, tunas, which release millions of eggs when they spawn.The sharks plight is starting to be weighed against the delicacys cultural value. The conservation group has lobbied local restaurants that offer the classic nine-course banquet served at Cantonese weddi

36、ngs, of which shark fin is traditionally a part, to offer a no-shark menu as a choice to couples.After my first encounter with shark-fin soup,! decided that, like my colleagues, I would probably skip it next time. Unfortunately, that next time came at an intimate dinner in a small,private dining roo

37、m, where I was both a guest and a stranger. When the soupthe centerpiece of the mealwas set down before me, I ate it. Apparently,Im not the only one to cave. “You go to a wedding,and you refused to eat it just because you feel youre insulted Im not that extreme,“ Leung, the chef, says. “If other peo

38、ple believe that it brings luck or brings face,Id be a spoilsport. “To make a dent in the slaughter of the sharks,however,there are going to have to be a lot of people willing to spoil this particular sport.26 Which of the following statements about shark-fin soup is true?（A）It has a price tag much

39、bigger than $ 100 bowl.（B） It carries rich cultural meaning.（C） It tastes like champagne.（D）It is expensive for its high nutrition.27 Some fishmen land the fins separately from the carcasses in order to_.（A）escape punishment by law（B） make more freezer spaces on boat（C） prevent massive overfishing（D

40、）exploit bad execution of law28 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）large creatures tend to extinct more quickly than smaller ones such as tuna（B） low breeding capability of shark is the vital reason for its endangerment（C） the measures taken to battle against finning are not so successful（

41、D）westerners show no interest in shark-fin soup29 It is implied in this passage that to protect shark from extinction,the most important thing to do is_.（A）to persuade restaurants to quit shark-fin soup in banquet（B） to take courage to go against bad cuisine culture（C） to spot and make up for the lo

42、ophole in law（D）to do more research to enhance the breeding capability of sharks30 The best title for this passage is_.（A）Dinausor First,Shark Next（B） Endangered Shark Species（C） Dirty Trade of Shark-Fin（D）Killing by Eating30 Invention and innovation have been quintessentially American pursuits from

43、 the earliest days of the republic. Benjamin Franklin was a world-famous scientist and inventor. Cyrus McCormick and his harvester, Samuel F. B. Morse and the telegraph, Alexander Graham Bell and the telephonethe 19th century produced a string of inventors and their world-changing creations. And the

44、n there was the greatest of them all,Thomas Alva Edison. He came up with the crucial devices that would give birth to three enduring American industries; electrical power,recorded music and motion pictures.Much of the world we live in today is a legacy of Edison and of his devotion to science and in

45、novation. Edison taught us to invent,and for decades we were the best in the world. But today, more than 160 years after Edisons birth, America is losing its scientific edge. A landmark report released in May by the National Science Board lays out the numbers: while U. S. investment in R for Schedul

46、e Ills, they just phone the pharmacy.(Schedule I substances are drugs like heroin that are never prescribed.)For patients, that wealth of choices spelled danger.The result has hardly been surprising. Since 1990, there has been a tenfold increase in prescriptions for opioids in the U. S. , according

47、to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCP). In 1990 there were barely 6,000 deaths from accidental drug poisoning in the U. S. By 2007 that number had nearly quintupled,to 27,658.Health officials do not tease out which drug is responsible for every death, and its not always possible. “T

48、here may be lots of drugs on board,“ says Cathy Barber, director of the Injury Control Research Center at the Harvard School of Public Health. “ Is it the opioid that caused the death? Or is it the combination of opioid, benzodiazepine and a cocktail the person had?“ Still,most experts agree that no

49、thing but the exploding availability of opioids could be behind the exploding rate of death.Despite such heavy death toll, the suivellance over these popular pills faces regulatory maze. In early 2009,the FDA announced that it was initiating a “risk-evaluation and mitigation strategy“. The regulations the FDA is empowered to issue include requiring manufacturers to provide better inf