[考研类试卷]考研英语(一)模拟试卷116及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(一)模拟试卷 116 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Karl Von Linne (or Linnaeus, as he is widely known) was a Swedish biologist who devised the system of Latinised scientific names f
2、or living things that biologists use to this day. When he came to (1)_ people into his system, he put them into a group called Ho moand Linnes hairless fellow humans are still known biologically as Homo sapiens. (2)_ the group originally had a second member, Homo troglodytes. It lived in Africa, and
3、 the pictures show it to be covered (3)_ hair.Modern (4)_ are not as generous as Linne in welcoming other species into Mans lofty (5)_, and the chimpanzee is now referred to (6)_ Pan troglodytes. But Pan or Homo, there is no (7)_ that chimps are humans nearest living relatives, and that if the secre
4、ts of what makes humanity special are ever to be (8)_, understanding why chimps are not people, nor people chimps, is a crucial part of the process. That, in turn, means looking at the DNA of the two species, (9)_ it is here that the (10)_ must originate.One half of the puzzle has been (11)_ for sev
5、eral years: the human genome was published in 2001. The second has now been added, with the announcement in this weeks Nature (12)_ the chimpanzee genome has been sequenced as well. For those expecting (13)_ answers to age-old questions (14)_, the publication of the chimp genome may be something of
6、an (15)_ There are no immediately obvious genespresent in one, but not the otherthat account for such characteristic human (16)_ as intelligence or even hairlessness. And (17)_ there is a gene connected with language, known as FOXP2, it had already been discovered. But although the preliminary compa
7、rison of the two genomes (18)_ by the members of the Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium, the multinational team that generated the sequence, did not (19)_ any obvious nuggets of genetic gold, it does at least show where to look for (20)_.(A)slot(B) pledge(C) plot(D)scrutinize(A)And(B) Or(
8、C) Thereby(D)But(A)by(B) throughout(C) with(D)beyond(A)demographers(B) taxonomists(C) chronologists(D)psychologists(A)subject(B) dominion(C) ideal(D)species(A)as(B) in(C) among(D)without(A)suspension(B) suspicion(C) rotation(D)doubt(A)disintegrated(B) distracted(C) deleted(D)disentangled(A)because o
9、f(B) though(C) for(D)whereas(A)disputes(B) differences(C) hunches(D)humanities(A)ruthless(B) mediocre(C) opaque(D)available(A)that(B) where(C) which(D)in that(A)instant(B) instinctive(C) constant(D)intuitive(A)too(B) either(C) though(D)also(A)panacea(B) anticlimax(C) zenith(D)momentum(A)defects(B) m
10、erits(C) flaws(D)attributes(A)while(B) once(C) when(D)as if(A)duplicated(B) dwarfed(C) made(D)over lapped(A)show up(B) turn up(C) resort to(D)tarn to(A)him(B) it(C) them(D)herGrammar21 He was punished_ he should made the same mistake again.(A)unless(B) lest(C) if(D)provided22 You will see to_the eng
11、ine does not get out of order.(A)that(B) however(C) it that(D)which23 Everything_remains can be divided between you.(A)that(B) what(C) which(D)whose24 The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly_.(A)noticed(B) being noticed(C) to n
12、otice(D)to be noticed25 The children prefer camping in the mountains_an indoor activity.(A)to(B) than(C) for(D)with26 For some time now, world leaders_out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.(A)had been pointing(B) have been pointing(C) were pointing(D)pointed27 The hostess_ the maid _ the
13、 table for dinner while we arrived after a three-hour drive from the town.(A)told, to make(B) was telling, to do(C) told, to lay(D)was telling, to set28 All_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.(A)what is needed(B) for our needs(C) the thing needed(D)that is needed29 If you_in su
14、ch a hurry you_ sugar into the sauce instead of salt.(A)were not, would not put(B) were, would put(C) had been, would have put(D)had not been, would not have put30 His composition is better than_in the class.(A)anyone(B) anyones(C) anyone else(D)anyone elsesPart ADirections: Read the following four
15、texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hopi
16、ng to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life e
17、specially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to, the signals of the infant, whose brain is programme
18、d to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts s
19、uggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understan
20、d simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with
21、 the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the Complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is young brains ability to pick out an order in lan
22、guage from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, a
23、nd responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31 According to the passage, Frederick
24、 carried on the experiments to _.(A)prove that children are born with the ability to speak(B) find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak(C) discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human Speech(D)prove that child would be damaged without learning
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