[考研类试卷]在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷1及答案与解析.doc

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1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 1 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads mak

2、e drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of st

3、ripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where

4、 speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used

5、to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents. (227 words)1 The pass

6、age mainly discusses_.（A）a new way of highway speed control（B） a new pattern for painting highways（C） a new approach to training drivers（D）a new type of optical illusion2 On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that_.（A）they should avoid speed-related hazards（B） they are driving in the

7、wrong lane（C） they should slow down their speed（D）they are approaching the speed limit3 The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former（A）can keep drivers awake（B） can cut road accidents in half（C） will have a longer effect on drivers（D）will look more attractive4 The Amer

8、ican Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to（A）try out the Japanese method in certain areas（B） change the road signs across the country（C） replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons（D）repeat the Japanese road patterns5 What does the author say about straight, horizontal ba

9、rs painted across roads?（A）They are falling out of use in the United States.（B） They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.（C） They are applicable only on broad roads.（D）They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.5 We can see how the product life cycle works by looking

10、at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “regular“ coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced (stage o

11、f rapid growth). After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline (衰退) when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the pro

12、duct life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many

13、students carry today were originally designed for the military?Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections.Another product extens

14、ion strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once change

15、d styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling. (262 words)6 According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will_.（A）decrease gradually（B） improve enormously（C） become unstable（D）remain at the same level7 The first paragraph tells

16、 us that a new product is_.（A）usually introduced to satisfy different tastes（B） often inferior to old ones at first（C） often more expensive than old ones（D）not easily accepted by the public8 Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to_.（A）work out marketing policies（B） p

17、romote its production（C） speed up its life cycle（D）increase its popularity9 The author mentions the example of “ backpacks“ (Line 5, Para. 2) to show the importance of_.（A）pleasing the young as well as the old（B） exploring new market sections（C） increasing usage among students（D）serving both militar

18、y and civil needs10 In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are（A）improving product quality（B） increasing product features（C） modernizing product style（D）re-positioning their product in the market10 In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage

19、(饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products. But because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried

20、in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country bu

21、ying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second l

22、ifeand until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local government

23、s to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive wastemanagement option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $ 100 per ton. Recycling

24、 also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material. (287 words)11 What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?（A）Beverage companies s

25、hould be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.（B） Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.（C） Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.（D）A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.1

26、2 The returned plastic bottles in New York used to_.（A）be separated from other rubbish（B） be turned into raw materials（C） have a second-life value（D）end up somewhere underground13 The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is_.（A）to sell them at a profitable price（B） how to

27、 reduce their recycling costs（C） how to turn them into useful things（D）to lower the prices for used materials14 Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because_.（A）local governments find it easy to manage（B） other methods are more expensive（C） recycling causes little pollut

28、ion（D）recycling is a great appeal for the jobless15 It can be concluded from the passage that_.（A）recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally（B） local governments in the U. S. can expect big profits from recycling（C） rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw mate

29、rials（D）landfills will still be widely used for waste disposal15 Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumst

30、ances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those

31、without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, re

32、latives and coworkers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to t

33、hem. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material

34、resources, and needed services that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. (257 words)16 Interpersonal relationships are important because_.（A）they are indispensable to peoples social well-being（B） they awaken peoples desire to exchange resources（C） they help people to cope

35、 with life in the information era（D）they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc17 Research shows that peoples physical and mental health_.（A）relies on the social welfare systems which support them（B） has much to do with the amount of support they get from others（C） depends on their

36、 ability to deal with daily worries and troubles（D）is closely related to their strength for coping with major changes in their lives18 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “cushions“ (Line 1, Para. 2)?（A）Adds up to.（B） Does away with.（C） Lessens the effect of.（D）Lays the foundati

37、on for.19 Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of_.（A）instrumental support（B） informational support（C） social companionship（D）the strengthening of self-respect20 Social companionship is beneficial in that_.（A）it helps strengthen our ties with relatives（B） it enables us to elim

38、inate our faults and mistakes（C） it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyable（D）it draws our attention away from our worries and troubles在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 1 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于主旨大意题。第一段“cut highway crashes”(减少高速公路事故)，第二段最后一句话“drivers slow down”(司机放慢速度)以及文章最后一句“reducti

39、on in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents”(降低汽车在高速上的速度，减少车祸的次数)，都告诉我们这篇文章的主旨就是介绍一种控制车速的方法，因此答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。线索在第二段最后一句中“make drivers think they are driving faster than they really are， and thus drivers slow down”。意思是“使司机觉得开得过快，于是放慢车速。”因此应该选 C。其他选项，选项A“他们应该

40、避免由速度带来的风险”；选项 B“他们正行驶在错误的车道上 ”；选项D“他们正在接近最高时速限制”都不符合文意。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。根据题干中的关键词“chevrons”找到文章最后一句话“The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents”(对于 chevrons 来说)，结果就是车速降低、车祸减少现象持续的时间要长一些。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题

41、。线索除了第三段的“repeat Japans success”之外，还有“will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads to test”。其中 chevrons 是日本的，而 “other patterns of stripes”不一定全是日本的，所以选项 D 的说法错误。选项 A 中“try out”的意思相当于“test”，故选项 A 对。选项 B 的说法太过笼统；选项 C“用人字形线条代替笔直的横线 ”太绝对，因为文章提到这个基金会要用“chevrons”和其他的图案来测试减少交通事故的效果，因此

42、不正确。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节判断题。根据题干的关键词“straight，horizontal bars”找到文中的描述句为“However，traffic oftento seeing the painted bars”，意思是几个月后人们又恢复到以全速开车，因为司机已习惯看到那些笔直的横线。由此可以选择选项 B“人们很快就忽视了这种笔直的横线”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。文中第一段的“After a while ，people became attached to one brand a

43、nd sales leveled off”表明，当人们对某一产品的某一品牌有特殊的爱好之后，它的销售便会趋于稳定。词组 level off 本意为“成水平线”，引申义为“持平”。选项 D 的“remain at the same level”是同义表达，故本题答案应为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节理解题。第一段以速溶咖啡为例，说明新产品被人们接受要花很长一段时间。“It took several years to gain general acceptance”一句就表明了这一点。A、B、C 三项中的内容文中并未涉及，显然不是正确答案，故本题答案

44、为 D。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于综合归纳题。文中第二段开头就谈到营销者必须了解产品的生命周期，这一点非常重要。因为在产品的生命周期的不同阶段，营销者要采取不同的销售策略。稍作分析便可知答案为 A。B、 C、D 三项虽然在文中有所涉及，但均与题意不符，故不能选作正确答案。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于综合归纳题。做此题需联系上下文。作者谈到一个营销战略是市场更新，即营销经理要寻找新的用户和新的市场。然后作者以书包为例来证明这一点：过去军用的袋子现在被学生当做书包用。因此，作者在这里用的写作手法是例证法，先提出观点，

45、然后举例证明，故本题的正确答案为 B。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题为细节理解题。文中的“American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets”意思是：美国汽车制造商们正在提高产品质量来重新获得世界市场，题干的“recover”和该句中的“recapture”是同义词，所以正确答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。根据题干中的关键词“beverage containers

46、”及“New York state”定位到第一段的第一句话，句中的“ordered” 替换成了regulation，“to charge a deposit”(押金)替换成了“consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them”因此应选C“顾客必须为饮料罐预付一些钱，当他们归还这些罐子时可以取回这部分钱 ”。选项 A“饮料公司应该负责回收和利用废弃的塑料汽水瓶 ”，选项 B“政府应该回收这些废弃物”，文章都没提到；选项 D“应该对回收废弃的瓶子收费 ”，这属于

47、理解错误。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题为细节推理题。根据关键词“plastic bottles in New York”可以定位到文章第一段的后半部分。句中“buried in landfills”=“somewhere underground”，所以应选 D。在纽约多数公司愿意回收铝制、玻璃类垃圾，而对回收利用塑料类垃圾感到一筹莫展，只好被埋到垃圾填埋场里。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节归纳题。我们可以定位到阐述回收利用意义的第三段，本段着重论述人们应如何找到一条塑料垃圾再利用的途径(即给予第二次生命)，使之变

48、成有用的产品，其次还要有经济效益。选项 C“how to turn them into useful things”“如何使它们变成有用的东西 ”是文章中“how to give it a second life”的同义表达，所以是正确答案。选项 A“出售它们赚钱”偏离了本题的提问。选项 B“如何降低其回收利用的费用”和选项 D“降低使用过的材料的价格 ”都不是问题的关键。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于事实辨认题。根据题干中的关键词“first choice for the disposal of rubbish”，可以将其定位到第四段政府密切关注回收利

49、用垃圾的原因。根据第四段中多次出现的“rising costs”以及“the least expensive” ，以及“payingamount to saving of more than $100”等等，可知都与费用相关，因此应选 B“其他方法要花更多的钱”。废弃物回收利用是管理部门认为的一种最经济的选择，因为填埋和焚烧垃圾的费用正在不断上涨。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于主旨大意题。本题针对文章的主旨进行提问。一般来说，文章的主题都出现在开头或末尾。文章前两段只讲到纽约州的个案，后两段才说回收利用的意义。因此可以定位在三、四段，尤其是第四段，从节约土地、节约成本等方面谈到回收利用的意义，其中“landfill space”是从环境角度上讲，“rising costs for burying and burning rubbish”从经济角度上来讲。因此应选 A“无论是从经济角度上来说还是从环境角度上说，都应该实行回收利用”。全文介绍了废弃物回收利用的好处，它不仅能减少环境污染，节约垃圾填埋场地，又能被生产成新产品、推动经济发展，不言而喻，回收废弃