[考研类试卷]2016年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2016 年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And a new research sugge

2、sts that happiness might influence【C1】_firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 【C2 】_firms in happy places spend more on R environmentalists say it doesnt go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for ma

3、naging the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,“ says biologist Jay Lininger.26 The major reason for listing the lesser prairie chicken as threatened is_.（A）the insistence of private landowners（B） the underestimate of the grassland acreage（C） a desperate appeal from some bi

4、ologists（D）its drastically decreased population27 The “threatened“ tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.（A）was a give-in to governmental pressure（B） would involve fewer regulatory powers（C） granted less federal regulatory powers（D）went against conservation policies28 It can be learned

5、 from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will be prosecuted if they_.（A）agree to pay a sun for compensation（B） volunteer to set up an equally big habitat（C） offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job（D）promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29 According to Ashe, the leading role in managin

6、g the species is_.（A）the federal government（B） the wildlife agencies（C） the landowners（D）the states30 Jay Lininger would most likely support_.（A）the plan under challenge（B） the win-win rhetoric（C） environmental groups（D）industry groups30 That everyones too busy these days is a cliche. But one specif

7、ic complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read; “Give up TV“or“Carry a book with you at all times. “But in my e

8、xperience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinningor else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes,“ is overwhelmingly

9、 inclined toward communication. It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption. “Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact “becoming more efficient“ is part of the pr

10、oblem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximized means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. T

11、ry to slot it in as a to-do list item, and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, “writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressur

12、e to fill these different-sized bottles(days, hours, minutes)as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them. “ No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this migh

13、t fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “ step outside times flow“ into “soul time. “ You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers,“ carry a book with you at all times“ can actually work, tooprovidin

14、g you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read “ , but just reading, and making time for everything else.31 The usua

15、l time management techniques dont work because_.（A）what they can offer does not case the modern mind（B） what people often forget is carrying a book with them（C） what challenging books demand is repetitive reading（D）what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32 The “empty bottles“ metaphor illust

16、rates that people feel a pressure to_.（A）update their to-do lists（B） make passing time fulfilling（C） carry their plans through（D）pursue carefree reading33 Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps_.（A）promote ritualistic reading（B） encourage the efficiency mind-set（C） develo

17、p online reading habits（D）achieve immersive reading34 “Carry a book with you at all times“ can work if_.（A）reading becomes your primary business of the day（B） all the daily business has been promptly dealt with（C） you are able to drop back to business after reading（D）time can be evenly split for rea

18、ding and business35 The best title for this text could be_.（A）How to Enjoy Easy Reading（B） How to Set Reading Goals（C） How to Find Time to Read（D）How to Read Extensively35 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road

19、 map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constit

20、utes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changi

21、ng jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to comm

22、unity and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining pro and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Yo

23、ung and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting o

24、ut today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life “face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt,and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb

25、tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I cant afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make

26、that happen. “Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “ I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees, “Schneider said. “I dont think peopl

27、e are capable of that anymore. “36 One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_.（A）having a family with children（B） trying out different lifestyles（C） working beyond retirement age（D）setting up a profitable business37 It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to_.（A）favor a slo

28、wer life pace（B） hold an occupation longer（C） attach importance to pre-marital finance（D）give priority to childcare outside the home38 The priorities and expectations defined by the young will_.（A）depend largely on political preferences（B） reach almost all aspects of American life（C） focus on materi

29、alistic issues（D）become increasingly clear39 both young and old agree that_.（A）good paying jobs are less available（B） the old made more life achievements（C） housing loans today are easy to obtain（D）getting established is harder for the young40 Which of the following is true about Schneider?（A）He thi

30、nks his job as a technician quite challenging.（B） His parents good life has little to do with a college degree.（C） His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.（D）He found a dream job after graduating from college.Part B (10 points) 40 Read the following text and answer the questions b

31、y choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A - G for each of the numbered paragraph(41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)ABe sillyBHave funCExpress your emotionsDDont overthink itEBe easily pleasedFNotice t

32、hingsGAsk for helpAct Your Shoe Size, Not Your AgeAs adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an artand for the most part they dont need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctiv

33、ely, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.【R1 】_What does a child do when hes sad? He cries. When hes angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we leam to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dic

34、tate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. Thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and expres

35、s what we feel appropriately, and thenagain like childrenmove.【R2 】_A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldnt stop talking about it. Too often we believ

36、e that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing

37、.【R3 】_Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off infection. A

38、ll of which would, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.【R4 】_The problem with being a grown up is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our

39、 own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random(dancing around the living room, anyone?)it doesnt matter, so long as theyre enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drin

40、king too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if youre on a tight budget.【R5 】_Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher

41、 Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“ Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness. “ And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by-product of the way they live.41 【R1 】42 【R2 】43 【R3 】44 【R4 】45 【R5 】Part CDirections:

42、 Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)The supermarket is designed to urge customers into spending as much time as possible with

43、in its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see, and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, a

44、nd many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop

45、 struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionallywhich is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)47

46、 Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him, and2)give your advice.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name. Use “Li Ming“instead. Do not wri

47、te the address.(10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)48 Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should 1)interpret the chart, and 2)give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET

48、.(15 points) 2016 年考研英语（二）真题试卷答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题考查从句关系词。句义是：新的研究表明快乐或许也会影响公司工作的方式。因此，选 C 项 how。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题考查固定搭配。四个短语的意思分别是：选项 A In return 作

49、为报答；选项 B Inparticular 尤其；选项 C In contrast 相反；选项 D In conclusion总之。根据句意，本题应选 B。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 四个选项的意思分别是：选项 A sufficient 足够的；选项 B famous著名的；选项 C perfect 完美的；选项 D necessary 必要的。选择时还要考虑和空格处后面的 for 搭配，所以选 D，necessary for 意为：做某事所必需的。4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 四个选项的意思分别是：选项 A individualism 个人主义；选项 B modemism 现代主义；选项 C optimism 乐观主义；选项 D realism 现实主义。本句的意思是：研究者们想要知道这种乐观主义和冒险倾向是否能够改变公司投资的方式。因为上文一直提的就是快乐，所以此处应该呼应上文，选择 C optimism 乐观主义。