IESNA LM-41-2014 Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Indoor Fluorescent Luminaires.pdf

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1、IES LM-41-14Approved Method: Photometric Testing ofIndoor Fluorescent LuminairesIES LM-41-14Approved Method for Photometric TestingofIndoor Fluorescent LuminairesPublication of this reporthas been approved by the IES.Suggestions for revisionshould be directed to the IES.Prepared by the Subcommittee

2、on Photometry of Indoor Luminairesof the IES Testing Procedures CommitteeIES LM-41-14Copyright 2014 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.Approved by the IES Board of Directors April 23, 2014, as a Transaction of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.All rights res

3、erved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in any electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the IES.Published by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 120 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005.IES Standards and Guides are de

4、veloped through committee consensus and produced by the IES Office in New York. Careful attention is given to style and accuracy. If any errors are noted in this document, please forward them to Rita Harrold, Director of Technology, at the above address for verification and correction. The IES welco

5、mes and urges feedback and comments. ISBN # 978-0-87995-292-1Printed in the United States of America.DISCLAIMERIES publications are developed through the consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers represent-i

6、ng varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on lighting recommendations. While the IES administers the process and establishes policies and procedures to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any informati

7、on published herein. The IES disclaims liability for any injury to persons or property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly result-ing from the publication, use of, or reliance on this documentIn issuing and makin

8、g this document available, the IES is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is the IES undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent j

9、udgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent profes-sional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances.The IES has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. Nor does the IES list, certify, test or

10、inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or statement of compliance with the require-ments of this document shall not be attributable to the IES and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.IES LM-41-14Approved Me

11、thod for Photometric Testing of Indoor Fluorescent LuminairesPrepared by the Photometry of Indoor Luminaires Committee of the IES Testing Procedures CommitteeMichael Grather, ChairIES Testing Procedures CommitteeCameron Miller, ChairP. Behnke*R. BergerR. BerginD. Chan*G. Connelly*P. Franck*C. Galber

12、th*T. Henning*J. HospodarskyP. JasterT. Kawabata*T. Koo*B. KueblerJ. Leland*K. Lerbs*R. Levin*I. Lewin*S. LongoP. McCarthyS. Patel*M. Piscitelli*D. RandolphD. Smith*J. Swiernik*H. Waugh*J. Welch*V. Wu*R. Young*J. ZhangC. AndersenL. Ayers*A. Baker*R. BergerR. Bergin*R. BergmanJC. Blacker*E. Bretschne

13、iderK. Broughton*D. Chan*P-T Chou*R. Collins*K. Curry*R. Daubach*L. Davis*J. Demirjian*D. EllisP. Franck*M. GratherR. Heinisch*K. Hemmi*T. Hernandez*R. HoranJ. HospodarskyS. Hua*J. HulettP-C. HungD.Husby*S. Hutton*A. JacksonD. Jenkins*J. JiaoD. Karambelas*H. Kashani*R. Kelley*M. KotrebaiB. KueblerTY

14、. Koo*J. Lawton*J. Lee*L. Leetzow*J. Leland*K. Lerbs*R. Levin*I. Lewin*R. Li*M. Lin*R. Low*MH. Lu*J. MarellaP. McCarthyG. McKeeFX. Morin*M. Nadal*D. Nava*B. Neale*W. NewlandY. Ohno*D. Park*N. Peimanovic*E. Perkins*G. Plank*E. RadkovD. Randolph*C. Richards*E. Richman*K. Rong*M. SapcoeJ. SchutzA. Serr

15、es*A. SmithD. Smith*J K. Son*R. Speck*L. Stafford*G. SteinbergR. TuttleT. Uchida*K. Wagner*J. Walker*H. Waugh*J. Welch*B. Willcock*K. Wilcox*V. Wu*J. Yo nR. Young*J. Zhang*Advisory *HonoraryIES LM-41-14IES LM-41-14ContentsForeword .1Introduction.11.0 Scope .12.0 Normative References13.0 Definitions

16、.14.0 Ambient and Physical Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.1 General14.2 Temperature .14.3 Air Movement 15.0 Electrical Conditions and Instrumentation .25.1 Wave Shape25.2 Voltage Regulation 25.3 Power Source Imped

17、ance 25.4 Instrumentation for Electrical Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.4.1 Uncertainties.26.0 Test Requirements.26.1 Selection and Preparation of Luminaire.26.2 Luminaire Luminance Characteristics 26.3 Test Lamps 26.3.1 Special Considerat

18、ions for Luminaires with Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs).36.3.2 Lamp/Circuit Transfer .3 6.3.3 Lamp Seasoning .36.4 Photometric Equipment .36.4.1 The Photometry System 36.4.2 Photometer 36.4.3 Automated Photometer .36.4.4 Photometer Head (Photodetector).36.5 Luminaire Mounting 46.6 Lamp Circuit Con

19、nections .46.7 Stray Light 46.8 Luminaire / Lamp Pre-burning - Stabilization 47.0 Photometric Test Procedures 47.1 Test Distance.47.2 Position Sensitivity5IES LM-41-147.3 Calibration of Photometer - Relative and Absolute Photometry .57.3.1 Relative Photometry - Calibration Factor 57.3.2 Relative Pho

20、tometry - The Calibration Process .67.3.3 Relative Photometry Special considerations when testing lamps that produce maximum light output in an ambient temperature other than 25C 77.3.4 Absolute Photometry77.4 Ballast Factor 87.4.1 Ballast Factor Defined.87.4.2 Determination of Ballast Factor87.4.3

21、Effect of Ballast Factors on Photometric Test Results 87.4.4 Application of Ballast Factors .87.5 Luminaire Photometry .87.5.1 Mounting .87.5.2 Position of Luminaire During Test 9 7.5.3 Angles for Measurement .97.5.4 Planes for Measurement .97.5.5 Polarization Measurements.97.6 Luminance Measurement

22、s97.6.1 Angles of Measurements97.7 Computation of Luminous Intensity Distribution Test Results97.8 Computing Zonal Lumens .97.9 Overall Luminaire Efficiency 107.10 Coefficients of Utilization 108.0 Test Reports 10Informative Reference List .11Annex A - Zonal Lumen Constants 12Annex B Special Conside

23、rations for Stabilizing and Testing Various Fluorescent Lamp Types .131IES LM-41-14FOREWORDThis document is a revision of LM-41-98, IESNA Approved Method for Photometric Testing of Indoor Fluorescent Luminaires. The rapid pace with which new lamps and control equipment are being intro-duced today, a

24、s well as the many variations of these components, make it necessary that any document such as this one, concerned with the technical utili-zation of these products, be reviewed and updated periodically. However, it should be recognized that because of limited experience with new products, this guid

25、e may not cover all of the eccentricities exhibited by a particular product. It also should be recognized that even with frequent revisions to the guide, recently introduced components with new characteristics may not be included.INTRODUCTIONThis guide is intended to provide uniform data useful for

26、evaluating the performance of fluorescent lumi-naires for general lighting. The luminaire characteris-tics are reported in terms of intensity distribution, flux distribution and efficiency. These performance data may be developed into factors and/or tables that allow the predetermination of illumina

27、nce and luminance for any conventional plane or boundary surface.1.0 SCOPEThis guide provides adequate and uniform meth-ods for determining and reporting the photometric characteristics of indoor fluorescent luminaires. It describes characteristics of luminaires and some components, as well as the r

28、equirements for the thermal environment and proper control of the elec-trical and mechanical systems involved. This docu-ment is also concerned with general test conditions and the testing procedure best suited for achieving accurate and consistent photometric results.2.0 NORMATIVE REFERENCESNominal

29、 versions of: ANSI/IES RP-16-10, Nomenclature and Definitions for Illuminating Engineering. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. IES LM-9-09 Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Fluorescent Lamps. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. C78.375, Ame

30、rican National Standards Institute Standard Guide for Electrical Measurements of Fluorescent lamps. IES LM-54-12, Guide to Lamp Seasoning. New York: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.3.0 DEFINITIONSThe units of electrical measurement used in this approved method are the volt, the amp

31、ere, and the watt (see the IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition). The units of photometric measurement are the lumen and the candela (see ANSI/IES RP-16-10 or the IES Lighting Handbook, 10th Edition3). Color is specified in terms of CIE recommended systems. The industry accepted point for making an i

32、nitial rat-ing of a discharge lamp occurs after the lamps first 100 hours of operation (ANSI C78.81). Cold chamber or cold spot is the location inside a fluorescent lamp with the lowest operating tempera-ture. Both the location and temperature of the cold spot are critical for optimizing lamp perfor

33、mance.4.0 AMBIENT AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS4.1 GeneralPhotometric values and electrical characteristics of fluorescent lamps and luminaires are sensitive to ambient temperature and air movement.4.2 TemperatureThe ambient temperature shall be measured at a point not more than 1 m from the luminaire and

34、 at the same height as the luminaire. Under standard conditions this temperature shall be maintained at 25C1C. Also, the temperature sensor shall be shielded from the luminaire and radiation from any other source. Measurements at temperatures other than 25C are considered non-standard and shall be s

35、o noted in the test report.4.3 Air MovementAir movement at the surface of a fluorescent lamp or luminaire under test may substantially alter electrical 2IES LM-41-14and photometric values. No discernible airflow from sources other than the device under test shall be allowed. This can be tested using

36、 a single ply tissue paper hanging in place of the lamp. 5.0 ELECTRICAL CONDITIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION5.1 Wave shapeThe AC power source, while operating the test lamp ballast or luminaire, shall have a sinusoidal voltage wave-shape such that the RMS summation of the harmonic components does not exce

37、ed 3.0 percent of the fundamental.5.2 Voltage RegulationThe RMS voltage applied to the lamp ballast for the duration of the measurement interval shall be regulated to within 0.1 percent for line voltage mea-surements and 1 percent for frequencies above standard line frequency.5.3 Power Source Impeda

38、nceThe power source impedance for low frequency supplies, measured at the points where the ballast and lamp are connected, shall not exceed 2% of the ballast impedance. For high frequency power sup-plies it is not possible to meet the 2% limit internally in the power supply so electronic control cir

39、cuits are used to keep the output voltage at the desired level. To ensure compliance with this requirement, vari-able autotransformers or other voltage transforming devices should have a kVA rating of at least five times the lamp wattage. 5.4 Instrumentation for Electrical Measurements The instrumen

40、ts shall be calibrated at the manufac-turers recommended time interval, or at an interval determined from a documented statistical evalua-tion of the calibration stability. They shall have good reproducibility of indication. AC meters shall respond to true RMS.Most electronic ballasts operate at a h

41、igh frequency (typically 20,000 Hz) lamp current. Care should be taken that possible conduction or radiation from this type of ballast does not cause reading errors. High frequency leads should be as short as possible and, if necessary, shielded from electromagnetic interfer-ence (EMI). It may be ne

42、cessary to use precautions in order to prevent EMI from reaching voltage moni-toring equipment or the photocell readout device through the power circuits.5.4.1. Uncertainties The calibration uncertainties (see note below) of the instruments for AC voltage and current shall be 0.2 percent. The calibr

43、ation uncertainty of the AC power meter shall be 0.5 percent and that for DC voltage and current shall be 0.1 percent. Note: Uncertainty here refers to relative expanded uncertainty with a 95 percent confidence interval, normally with a coverage factor k=2, as prescribed in Refs. 32 and 33. If a man

44、ufacturers specification does not specify uncertainty this way, then the manu-facturer should be contacted for proper conversion.6.0 TEST REQUIREMENTS6.1 Selection and Preparation of Luminaire Sample selection of the luminaires is important since the value of the test will depend upon the method of

45、sampling. If sampling is performed by the laboratory, the method used shall be reported. Luminaires shall be selected to represent the purpose of the test, and shall be clean and free of any defect which could adversely impact the test results. Ballasts regularly fur-nished as part of the luminaire

46、should be used to oper-ate the lamps during the test and should be mounted in their normal location(s) within the luminaire. These ballasts should be within tolerances stated in the cur-rent American National Standard Specification for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts9when applicable. The ballast factor of

47、 the ballast(s) installed in the luminaire can have significant impact on the photometric perfor-mance of the luminaire (see Section 7.4).6.2 Luminaire Luminance Characteristics Luminaire luminance characteristics are reported to facilitate evaluation of certain quality aspects of light design. Aver

48、age luminance is a quantity calculated from photometric data (see Section 7.6).6.3 Test LampsLamps of stable output are needed for photometric purposes. They should be constant in light output during a test or test series when constant line volt-age is supplied. The following is a guide to their sel

49、ection and handling:(1) Lamps should be typical of current production and should appear uniform in brightness and color from end to end and around the axis.3IES LM-41-14(2) Lamps for luminaires that have more than one lamp should be matched for light output within 1.5 percent (a spread of 3 percent) when oper-ated on the same supply and ballast circuit. The minor differences that occur between test lamps are sufficient reason for always photo-metering both sides of the luminaire.(3) If the intensity distribution of a lamp in a plane at 90 to its long axis is d